Anglo-Thai Non-Aggression Pact

The Anglo-Thai Non-Aggression Pact was concluded in Bangkok on 12 June 1940 between the governments of the United Kingdom and the Kingdom of Thailand. It was concluded as part of the British policy, which was to refrain from resisting by force the actions of the Japanese Empire in East Asia, as Thailand was about to become Japan's ally.

Ratifications were exchanged in Bangkok on 31 August 1940, and the pact became effective on the same day. It was designated to remain in force for five years, unless it was extended. The pact was registered in League of Nations Treaty Series on 6 June 1941.^[1]

In spite of the pact, Thailand declared war on the United Kingdom on 25 January 1942.

Background

Following the Japanese invasion of China in 1937, British policy in East Asia was in a state of confusion. The British government opposed Japanese expansionist policies, but at this point was not in a position to take up arms against the Japanese actions, especially following the Tientsin Incident. As a result, it developed a policy of not recognizing legally the changes made by Japanese actions, but at the same time refraining from antagonizing the Japanese government by actual resistance. This policy became evident in the so-called Craigie-Arita formula of July 1939, by which the British government refrained from open opposition to Japanese military actions in China.^[2]^[3]

This situation continued following the outbreak of the Second World War in Europe in September 1939. On 18 July 1940 the British government accepted the Japanese demands for closing the Burma Road for three months to prevent war supplies to China.^[4] In addition, the government of Thailand was now becoming aligned with the Japanese Empire. During the battle of France (May–June 1940), the British government became extremely cautious in this policy, and concluded that pact with Bangkok so as not to antagonize Tokyo.

Terms

Article 1 stipulated the British and Thai governments would not resort to war against each other.

Article 2 provided for the termination of the pact if the British or the Thai governments committed an act of aggression against a third party.

Article 3 annulled any previous obligation by the British or the Thai governments to assist a third party in a war against another.

Article 4 stipulated that nothing in the pact annulled legal obligations that arose from the Covenant of the League of Nations.

Article 5 had the two governments undertake not to disrupt each other's control over its territories.

Article 6 provided for the ratification of the pact.

References

^ League of Nations Treaty Series, vol. 203, pp. 422-432.
^ Neville Chamberlain's speech in Parliament announcing the formula, July 24, 1939
^ "JAPAN-GREAT BRITAIN: Formula" Time, July 31, 1939
^ Churchill's announcement in Parliament about agreement to close the Burma Road

External links

v t e Diplomatic history of World War II
Conferences	U.S.–British Staff Conference (1941) First Inter-Allied Conference (1941) Atlantic Conference (1941) Second Inter-Allied Conference (1941) First Moscow Conference (1941) Arcadia Conference (1941– 1942) Third Inter-Allied Conference (1942) Second Washington Conference (1942) Second Moscow Conference (1942) Casablanca Conference (1943) Adana Conference (1943) Third Washington Conference (1943) First Quebec Conference (1943) Third Moscow Conference (1943) Cairo Conference (1943) Greater East Asia Conference (1943) Tehran Conference (1943) Second Cairo Conference (1943) Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference (1944) Bretton Woods Conference (1944) Dumbarton Oaks Conference (1944) Second Quebec Conference (1944) Fourth Moscow Conference (1944) Malta Conference (1945) Yalta Conference (1945) United Nations Conference on International Organization (1945) Potsdam Conference (1945)
Declarations and treaties	Munich Agreement (1938) Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact (1939) Pact of Steel (1939) Anglo-Thai Non-Aggression Pact (1940) Destroyers-for-bases deal (1940) Franco-Italian Armistice (1940) Moscow Peace Treaty (1940) Tripartite Pact (1940) Declaration of St James's Palace (1941) Anglo-Soviet Agreement (1941) Armistice of Saint Jean d'Acre (1941) Atlantic Charter (1941) German–Turkish Treaty of Friendship (1941) Paris Protocols (1941) Declaration by United Nations (1942) Punishment for War Crimes (1942) Anglo-Soviet Treaty of 1942 (1942) Armistice of Cassibile (1943) Cairo Declaration (1943) Moscow Declarations (1943) Declaration of the Four Nations Treaty between the United States and China for the Relinquishment of Extraterritorial Rights in China Sino-British Treaty for the Relinquishment of Extra-Territorial Rights in China (1943) Moscow Armistice (1944) Nuremberg Charter (1945) Potsdam Agreement (1945) Potsdam Declaration (1945) United Nations Charter (1945) Paris Peace Treaties (1947) Treaty of San Francisco (1951) Austrian State Treaty (1955) Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany (1990)
Organizations	Anglo-French Supreme War Council Sino-American Cooperative Organization European Advisory Commission Council of Foreign Ministers
Related	German Instrument of Surrender Japanese Instrument of Surrender

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