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Andriy Livytskyi
Andriy Livytskyi
Андрій Лівицький
	Livytskyi in 1937
1st President of Ukraine in exile
	In office; 16 July 1948 – 17 January 1954
Preceded by	position created
Succeeded by	Stepan Vytvytskyi
3rd Chairman of the Directory
	In office; May 1926 – 16 July 1948
Preceded by	Symon Petliura
Succeeded by	position reformed; (as President of Republic)
Prime Minister of UPR
	In office; 1922–1926
President	Directoria
Preceded by	Pylyp Pylypchuk [uk]
Succeeded by	Vyacheslav Prokopovych
Prime Minister of UPR
	In office; 14 October 1920 – 18 November 1920
President	Directoria
Preceded by	Vyacheslav Prokopovych
Succeeded by	Pylyp Pylypchuk
Personal details
Born	Andrii Mykolaiovych Livytskyi; 9 April 1879; Krasnyi Kut, near Liplyave, Poltava Governorate, Russian Empire (now Ukraine)
Died	17 January 1954 (aged 74); Karlsruhe, West Germany
Nationality	Ukrainian
Spouse	Mariya Livytska
Children	Natalia and Mykola

Andriy Mykolaiovych Livytskyi (Ukrainian: Андрій Миколайович Лівицький, romanized: Andrii Mykolaiovych Livytskyi; 9 April 1879^[2] – 17 January 1954^[3]) was a Ukrainian politician, diplomat, statesman, and lawyer.

He was president of the Ukrainian People's Republic in exile (1948–1954) and the Chairman of the Directory prior to reforming that office into the presidential.

Biography

Andriy Livytskyi was born on 9 April 1879 in Lyplyavo (at the time part of the Russian Empire) into an old Cossack family.^[4] He finished the Gymnasium of Pavlo Halahana in Kyiv, and later went on to study at the mathematical and juridical faculties of the St. Volodymyr Kyiv University in 1896.^[5] In 1897 and 1899 he was held in the Lukyanivska Prison in Kyiv for participation in protests.^[6] He was expelled from the university and exiled to Poltava Governorate under the secret surveillance of police for taking part in the student's strike of 1899.^[7] After obtaining his university diploma in 1903, he served in the Lubny Circuit Court,^[8] and then, since 1905, he was a barrister of the Kharkiv Court Chamber, and in 1913–1917 an elected judge of Zolotonosha uezd in the Poltava Governorate.^[9] In his studential years, he took part in the Ukrainian independence movement, heading one of the organization's bases in Kyiv.

From 1901, he belonged to the Revolutionary Ukrainian Party (RUP), heading its regional headquarters in Lubny.^[10] He was jailed once again in connections to the revolutionary activities of 1906 and after escaping was imprisoned again in 1907.^[11] Since 1917, Livytskyi was a member of the Central Rada and the Peasant Union (Ukraine). In the period of the Hetmanate (1918), he was a member of the Ukrainian National Union, in opposition to the government of Pavlo Skoropadskyi. Later during the time of the Directorate of Ukraine, he was one of the founders of the Labour Council of Ukraine - the highest governing body of Ukraine. Livytskyi also held positions as the Minister of Justice and the deputy of the Rada of National Ministers of the Ukrainian People's Republic (UPR) in 1919, as well as the head of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the government of Isaak Mazepa in 1919. From 14 October to 18 November 1920 he served as the Prime Minister of the Ukrainian People's Republic.

Since October 1919, he was in the Ukrainian delegation to Warsaw, where he was working on the formation of the Ukrainian-Polish agreement, which was signed in 1920. After the defeat of the Ukrainian national movement for independence, he was forced to emigrate. From 1920 to 1948, he served as the head of the government of the Ukrainian People's Republic (UPR) in exile. After Symon Petliura's assassination, he became the head of the Directorate of Ukraine and assumed the post of the Chief Otaman of the Ukrainian People's Republic Army in exile in 1926.

Since that time to the time of his death, Livytskyi served as the head of state for the government of the UPR. He lived in Warsaw under constant watch of the Polish police. After the end of World War II, Livytskyi had goals of consolidating his political activities and reorganizing the government of the UPR in exile which its first session was opened on 16 July 1948 in Augsburg, Germany. In cooperation with Isaak Mazepa, he created the Ukrainian National Rada in exile in 1948 and became the First President of the Ukrainian People's Republic in exile.

He died on 17 January 1954 in Karlsruhe, West Germany, and was later buried in the Waldfriedhof Cemetery in Munich and later his ashes were transferred to Ukrainian Memorial Cemetery in Bound Brook in the vicinity of New York City, United States.^[3]

References

^ "Livytsky, Andrii". www.encyclopediaofukraine.com. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
^ Kulʹbida, Ivan I︠E︡vdokymovych (2002). Ukraïna i Rosii︠a︡: istorychni uroky miz︠h︡derz︠h︡avnykh vidnosyn (in Ukrainian). Vyd-vo "Volynʹ". p. 255. ISBN 978-966-690-013-8. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
^ ^a ^b Matvii͡enko, Viktor; Holovchenko, Volodymyr Ivanovych (2001). Історія української дипломатії XX століття у постатях: монографія (in Ukrainian). Видавничо-поліграфічний центр Київський універсиет. p. 97. ISBN 978-966-594-252-8. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
^ "On the occasion of the 125th anniversary of the birth of the President of the Ukrainian People's Republic Andriy Livytskyi". nbuv.gov.ua. Archived from the original on 2006-01-15. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
^ "LIVYTSKY Andriy Mykolayovych". kmu.gov.ua. Archived from the original on 2007-03-13. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
^ Historical calendar (in Ukrainian). Kyiv: The Club. 2004. p. 216. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
^ Кінах, А. К. (2001). Уряди України у ХХ ст: науково-документальне видання (in Ukrainian). Наукова думка. p. 185. ISBN 978-966-00-0681-2. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
^ Poltavsʹka petli͡uriana: materialy II Petli͡urivsʹkykh chytanʹ, provedenykh u Poltavi 15 serpni͡a 1993 r (in Ukrainian). Poltavsʹkyĭ literator. 1993. p. 89. ISBN 978-5-7707-5460-5. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
^ Ukraïnoznavstvo: kalendar-shchorichnyk (in Ukrainian). Ukraïnska vydavnycha spilka. 2006. p. 221. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
^ Державний центр Української народньої республіки в екзилі: статті і матеріяли (in Ukrainian). Вид-во "Веселка". 1993. p. 405. ISBN 978-5-301-01684-4. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
^ "President of the Ukrainian People's Republic Andriy Livytskyi. The "Zubr" Target of Recruitment Cultivation by MGB of the Ukrainian SSR". szru.gov.ua. Retrieved 10 March 2024.

Political offices
Preceded by introduced	President of Ukraine in exile 1948–1954	Succeeded by Stepan Vytvytskyi
Military offices
Preceded by Symon Petliura	Chief of General Bulawa Chief Otaman 1926–1954	Succeeded by position liquidated