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Anchietea
	Anchietea pyrifolia
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Malpighiales
Family:	Violaceae
Subfamily:	Violoideae
Tribe:	Violeae
Genus:	Anchietea; A.St.-Hil.
Type species
	Anchietea pyrifolia; (Mart.) G.Don
Species
	Six (see text);

Anchietea is a genus of flowering plants in the violet family Violaceae, with six accepted species, found in tropical South America.

Description

Lianas or reclining shrubs with oblong-lanceolate to ovate leaves. The flowers, which may be unisexual or bisexual, are in axillary racemoids or fascicles, with a white to orange corollas that are strongly zygomorphic (bilaterally symmetrical) with the long bottom petal weakly differentiated with a well exserted (projecting) spur. On the five stamens, the filaments are strongly connate (fused) with the two lowest anthers calcarate (spurred) and possessing a small dorsal connective appendage that is entire and ovate. In the gynoecium, the style is rostellate (beaked). The fruit is a very thin walled bladder-like capsule. There are many seeds per carpel, that are orbicular in outline and strongly flattened and encircled with a low interrupted ridge, or broad wing.^[5]^[6]^[7] The genus is characterized by membranaceous inflated capsules that usually prematurely expose the strongly flattened seeds to maturation.^[8]

Taxonomy

The genus Anchietea was first described by Saint-Hilaire in 1824, with a single species Anchietea salutaris, which thus is considered the type species.^[9] Therefore, the genus bears his name, A.St.-Hil., as the botanical authority.^[4] Shortly before this, Martius had described a species in a related genera, Noisettia pyrifolia.^[10] In 1831, Don transferred this species to Anchietea, noting that the specific epithet pyrifolia referred to "pear-shaped leaves".^[11]^[12] A revision of the genus in 2013 identified A. salutaris and A. pyrifolia as conspecific, and since A. pyrifolia had priority (as Noisettia pyrifolia) it is the type species.^[12]

Early taxonomic schemes, primarily based on floral morphology, such as Bentham and Hooker (1862)^[13] placed Anchietea within subfamily Violoideae, tribe Violeae, subtribe Violinae.^[6]^[14] Anchietea is one of four lianescent genera in Violaceae, together with Calyptrion Ging., Agatea A.Gray and the more recently discovered (2003) Hybanthopsis Paula-Souza.^[15] Historically, these genera were distributed among separate subtribes, with Anchietea within subtribe Violinae with Calyptrion and Hybanthopsis and Agatea in subtribe Hybanthinae.^[5]^[14]

Molecular phylogenetic studies have now grouped these four genera together into a single lianescent clade, one of four within the family Violaceae.^[7]

Etymology

The genus Anchietea is named for the sixteenth century Jesuit missionary and naturalist Joseph of Anchieta, who described the Brazilian flora.^[11]^[16]

Species

Eight species are accepted.^[2]

Anchietea ballardii Paula-Souza
Anchietea exaltata Eichler
Anchietea ferrucciae Paula-Souza & Zmarzty
Anchietea frangulifolia (Kunth) Melch.
Anchietea peruviana Melch.
Anchietea pyrifolia (Mart.) G.Don
Anchietea raimondii Melch.
Anchietea sellowiana Cham. & Schltdl.

Estimates of the number of species in Anchietea has varied considerably between five^[5]^[17] and nine,^[1]^[2] but historically, the genus has been poorly described and new species have continued to be described. Paula-Souza and colleagues recognize six species,^[18]^[8]^[7] having added A. ferrucciae in 2010 as a new description^[8] and A. ballardii in 2016.^[19]^[20]