Ananías Diokno

In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Diokno and the second or maternal family name is Noblejas.
Ananías Diokno
Birth nameAnanías Diokno y Noblejas
Born(1860-01-22)January 22, 1860
Taal, Batangas, Captaincy General of the Philippines
DiedNovember 2, 1922(1922-11-02) (aged 62)
Arayat, Pampanga, Philippine Islands
Allegiance First Philippine Republic
Service / branchPhilippine Revolutionary Army
Years of service1895–1901
RankGeneral of Visayas
Battles / warsPhilippine Revolution
Philippine–American War

Ananías Diokno y Noblejas (January 22, 1860 – November 2, 1922) was reputedly the only Philippine Revolutionary Army general to lead a full-scale military expedition to the Visayas against the Spanish forces. Also known as General of the Seas, his successful landing in Bicol and the Visayas were considered one of the first missions of the Philippine Navy. He is the father of anti-American nationalist Sen. Ramón Diokno, grandfather of Sen. Jose W. Diokno and great-grandfather of human right and lawyer Jose "Chel" Diokno, the intellectual leader of the opposition against the Marcos administration and the father of human rights in the nation.[1]

Early life

He was born in Taal, Batangas, Philippines on January 22, 1860, to Ángel Diokno and María Andrea Noblejas y Sauza. There are no records regarding his boyhood and early career.[2]

Philippine Revolution

Bust of Gen. Diokno from the National Historical Commission

In 1895, Diokno, along with Felipe Agoncillo, were prosecuted by civil and ecclesiastical authorities for obstruction of functions of the government. On August 29, 1896, Don Fernando Parga y Torriero, military governor of Cavite, had Diokno and other revolutionaries arrested and brought to immediate trial. Prominent citizens who fled to Indang, Cavite established the Regional Government of Batangas with Miguel Malvar as commanding general and Diokno as secretary of war.[3]

At the resume of revolution after the Pact of Biak-na-Bato, he was commissioned by Central Revolutionary Government of Emilio Aguinaldo to lead an expedition to the Visayas to attack the Spanish stronghold there and to forge cooperative stance between the Visayan rebel forces. The Battalion Malaya was organized, a force made up of 750 men divided into six companies and a battery consisting of two cannons. He was made commanding general of the battalion. He and his forces first went to Mindoro, then to Marinduque, and to the Bicol region to organize local revolutionary governments in the area and facilitated elections. Juan Miranda was elected president and Second Lieutenant Jose Karingal was left to organize collection of taxes.[4] He and his forces were aboard three of the five initial vessels under the control of Aguinaldo's government, Taaleño, Bulusan and Purisima Concepcion, which were actually captured or donated Spanish ships converted into gunboats with 8 or 9 cm guns.[5][6]

In August 1898, the Spanish rule in Capiz under Governor Juan Herrero surrendered to Diokno.[7] Aguinaldo, upon recommendation of Apolinario Mabini, appointed Diokno civil and military governor of Cápiz. Later, he received the immediate surrender of Spanish forces in Panay. Strong Spanish presence in Samar, however, caused Diokno to retreat.[8]

Philippine–American War

Many rebels saw Diokno, governor of Capiz under the Aguinaldo government, as an incoming contending leader in Visayan government and opined that orders should come from Roque Lopez as president of the Republic of Visayas. This, with American forces occupying every Visayan island it passes through, caused Diokno to retreat to the mountains of Capiz and conduct guerrilla warfare.[2] On March 18, 1901, Captain Peter Murray of the 18th US Infantry and First Lieutenant Frank Bolles of the 6th US Infantry, with corresponding detachments, located and ambushed Diokno's forces at Barrio Dalipdan, Capiz. Diokno was wounded and captured, two of his men were killed in action. He was imprisoned thereafter.[8]

Later life

In 1916, he was offered to be Director of Agriculture under the administration of Francis Burton Harrison but he refused. He died at his farm in Pampanga on November 2, 1922, eight months and a week after the birth of his grandson Sen. Jose W. Diokno.[2][8]

Ancestry

The great-great grandfather of Ananías Diokno is Felix Berenguer de Marquina y Fitzgerald, the governor-general and namesake of Marikina City. Because of the Irish ancestry of Berenguer de Marquina in the noble Fitzgerald clan, he descends from Norman French or English, and European nobles such as Saint Begga of Belgium, who is Diokno's ancestor by forty-four degrees. St. Begga is the great-great grandmother of King Charlemagne and daughter-in-law to St. Arnulf of Metz, France. Diokno through the Fitzgerald clan also descends from William Boleyn, who is the grandfather of Elizabeth I of England, making the English queen a cousin of Diokno's English ancestor. Berenguer de Marquina had an illegitimate Chinese mestiza daughter from Cagsawa, Albay who married a Spanish-Mexican public servant surnamed Sauza, whose daughter eventually moved north and settled in Taal, Batangas marrying a member of the Tagalog Noblejas clan. Their daughter María Andrea Noblejas y Sauza, who descended from Berenguer de Marquina, became part of the Diokno family by marrying Ángel Diokno. Because of the Fitzgerald clan, the line at least starting Ananías Diokno y Noblejas can trace its roots to nobles, public servants, soldiers, and saints from the first century A.D.[9][10]

References

  1. ^ "No cause more worthy: Ka Pepe Diokno's fight for human rights". 21 September 2017.
  2. ^ a b c "ANANIAS N. DIOKNO" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-08. Retrieved 2011-10-31.
  3. ^ "DOCUMENTS OF THE Katipunan". 1897-04-19. Archived from the original on 2011-11-22. Retrieved 2011-10-31.
  4. ^ "Ananias Diokno, taaleño revolucionario". National Historical Commission. 1965. Retrieved 2011-10-31.
  5. ^ "True Version of the Philippine Revolution". Retrieved 2011-10-31.
  6. ^ "Ananias Diokno". Retrieved 2011-10-31.
  7. ^ "A Brief History of Roxas City". Archived from the original on 2011-10-02. Retrieved 2011-10-31.
  8. ^ a b c "The War in the Visayas, Feb. 11, 1899 - March 10, 1899". 2006. Archived from the original on 2014-07-14. Retrieved 2011-10-31.
  9. ^ Dalisay, Jose Jr. "Jose W. Diokno: The Scholar-Warrior". Archived from the original on 2013-04-14. Retrieved 2011-03-03.
  10. ^ "El Excelentísimo Señor Don Félix Ignacio Juan Nicolás Antonio José Joaquín Buenaventura Berenguer de Marquina y FitzGerald". FamilySearch. 2022.