Amnesty of 1953

Decree on the Amnesty in the Pravda newspaper of 28 March 1953

The Amnesty of 1953 (Russian: Амнистия 1953 года) was the largest amnesty in the history of the Soviet Union (and in the history of Russia) in terms of the number of the released persons. It was declared by the March 27, 1953 Decree of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union on the Amnesty.[1][2] Since it was signed by Kliment Voroshilov, it was initially known as the Voroshilov's amnesty.[1] Later it has become known as Beria's amnesty, because it was initiated by March 26, 1953 Lavrenty Beria's draft.[3] Between 1.2 million [4] and 1.35 million[5] persons were freed.

The amnesty was applied to:

  • all persons with imprisonment term up to 5 years
  • all persons convicted for malfeasance and economic crimes, as well as for some minor military crimes
  • all women with children of age up to 10 years, all pregnant women, all children of age up to 18 years
  • all men older than 55 and women older than 50
  • all persons with grave uncurable diseases

The amnesty was not applied to people with term over 5 years convicted for counter-revolutionary crimes, major theft of socialist property, banditism, and murder. Other acts of the amnesty included the reduction of imprisonment terms, dismissing unfinished criminal proceedings which fit the above criteria, etc.[6]

The amnesty was followed with the considerable rise of criminal activities,[5] therefore it was partially rolled back and many criminal amnestees were imprisoned again.[7]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Daniel Johnson, Amnesty of 1953: the biggest in Russian history[permanent dead link‍], Global News, February 18, 2020
  2. ^ Elena Zubkova, Amnesty of 1953 and the first experiments in the revision of social control practices in the USSR, doi:10.31857/S086956870015595-5 (with downloadable pdf file)
  3. ^ Записка Л.П.Берии в Президиум ЦК КПСС о проведении амнистии. 26 марта 1953 г.
  4. ^ Земсков В. Н. Заключенные, спецпоселенцы, ссыльнопоселенцы, ссыльные и высланные (Статистико-географический аспект) // История СССР. — 1991. — № 5. — С. 151—165.
  5. ^ a b Эли, Марк, Слух о бан­дит­ском раз­гу­ле в 1953–1954 гг. / М. Эли // Слу­хи в Рос­сии XIX-XX ве­ков. Неофи­ци­аль­ная ком­му­ни­ка­ция и "кру­тые по­во­ро­ты" рос­сий­ской ис­то­рии : сб. ст. / Юж. – Урал. гос. ун-т, Фак. пра­ва и финан­сов, Центр культ. – ист. ис­след., Гер­ман. ист. ин-т в Москве, Че­ляб. отд-ние Рос. о-ва ин­тел­лек­ту­ал. ис­то­рии ; [ред. кол. : И. В. Нар­ский и др.]. – Че­ля­бинск, 2011. – С. 146–167. – ISBN 978-5-88771-087-7
  6. ^ Указ Президиума Верховного Совета СССР от 27.03.1953 «Об амнистии»
  7. ^ Спицын, Е.Ю. Хрущёвская слякоть. — Монография. — Москва: Концептуал, 2020. — С. 32—36. — 592 с. — ISBN 978-5-907172-63-0.

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