Alfie Evans case

Alfie Evans
Born
Alfie James Evans

(2016-05-09)9 May 2016
Died(2018-04-28)28 April 2018
(aged 1 year 11 months)
West Derby, Liverpool, England
Parents
  • Thomas Evans (father)
  • Kate James (mother)

Alfie James Evans (9 May 2016 – 28 April 2018), was an infant boy from Liverpool with an undiagnosed neurodegenerative disorder,[1] later revealed to be GABA-transaminase deficiency.[2] The medical team and the child's parents disagreed about whether to maintain his life support or to withdraw it, resulting in a legal battle. Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust sought a declaration that continued mechanical ventilation was "unkind and inhumane", and not in the child's best interests. Alfie's parents, Kate James and Thomas Evans, contested the application.

The ventilatory support was removed on 23 April 2018 following a series of unsuccessful appeals from Alfie's family. Alfie continued to breathe naturally for five days after the removal of his breathing tube. He died at 2:30 a.m. on 28 April 2018.

Treatment

Alder Hey Children's Hospital, where Alfie Evans was treated from December 2016 until his death.

In November 2016, at six months of age, Alfie Evans was reviewed at the general pediatric outpatient clinic at Alder Hey Children's Hospital. He was found to be functioning in a range appropriate for a 6-week to 2-month-old infant. On 14 December 2016, Alfie was admitted to Alder Hey Accident and Emergency Department with a history of coughing, high temperature, and a reported episode of rhythmic jerking of his jaw and all four limbs.[3] On 15 December, he showed sudden unprovoked movements compatible with infantile/epileptic spasms. An EEG performed on 16 December 2016 confirmed hypsarrhythmia.[4] A further EEG was taken in January 2017 and "was markedly different, showing attenuation with little in the way of reactive response for protracted periods of time. Changes only really occurred when Alfie had an epileptic seizure."[5]

Alfie's parents wished to remove him from Alder Hey and seek further care at the Bambino Gesù Hospital in Rome.[6] In September 2017, Italian doctors from Bambino Gesù Hospital produced an assessment report on the possibility of transferring Alfie to Italy. According to their report on the case, they could offer prolonged ventilator support, with a surgical tracheostomy and would remove a nasogastric tube, replacing it with a gastrostomy. During assessment, Alfie suffered "epileptic seizures induced by proprioceptive stimuli", and the report warned that "with similar stimulations related to the transportation and flight, those seizures might induce further damage to the brain, [putting] the whole procedure of transportation at risk."[5] Alfie remained in Alder Hey Hospital for the duration of 2017, with no improvement in his condition.[7] At the end of the year, the hospital applied to have life support switched off.[4]

Publicity and public reaction

Alfie Evans' case drew significant public attention in the United Kingdom and overseas, with his parents establishing "Alfie's Army", an online campaign group dedicated to seeking further treatment and opposing the withdrawal of life support.[8] Supporters established a petition on change.org, calling on Alder Hey Hospital to allow Alfie Evans to be transferred to a hospital of his parents' choice. His parents also approached Dr. Michio Hirano, a US-based neurologist who had offered treatment in the case of Charlie Gard.[8] Alfie's parents claimed a parental right to make decisions about their son's care, arguing that the hospital itself should not be able to make care-decisions for their son without their consent.[9]

Large protests emerged outside Alder Hey Hospital on 12 April after his family insisted on their right to take him home.[10] On 16 April, Merseyside Police launched an investigation into "instances of verbal abuse and acts of intimidation" with judges raising concerns about threatening conduct by protesters towards hospital staff. Alfie's parents apologised, saying they did not intend to "harm or cause conflict or upset".[11] Merseyside Police Chief Inspector Chris Gibson released a statement regarding social media posts regarding the Alder Hey Hospital and Alfie Evans's situation: "malicious communications and threatening behaviour will be investigated and, where necessary, will be acted upon."[12]

Reactions from religious groups

On 18 April 2018 Alfie's father flew to Rome for a 20-minute meeting with Pope Francis.[13] The case was commented on by the Pope via Twitter, who stated his "sincere hope that everything necessary may be done in order to continue compassionately accompanying little Alfie Evans, and that the deep suffering of his parents may be heard."[14][15] He restated his support after the removal of life support, saying "Moved by the prayers and immense solidarity shown little Alfie Evans, I renew my appeal that the suffering of his parents may be heard and that their desire to seek new forms of treatment may be granted."[16] Cardinal Pietro Parolin, Cardinal Secretary of State of the Holy See, criticized the decision to refuse the transfer of Evans to Italy, calling it "uncomprehensible".[17]

Conversely, Cardinal Vincent Nichols, Archbishop of Westminster, defended the Hospital's decision, stating that the Church "says very clearly we do not have a moral obligation to continue a severe therapy when it’s having no effect, while the church’s catechism also teaches that palliative care, which isn’t a denial of help, can be an act of mercy". Nichols also criticized those who “used the situation for political aims”. The Cardinal's position received strong criticism, and Conservative MP Nadine Dorries stated that "bishops should hang their heads in shame”.[18]

In October 2018, following an ad limina visit to the Vatican City, Archbishop Malcolm McMahon of Liverpool told The Tablet that Catholic Bishops of England and Wales had clarified their position to the Holy See.[19]

The Church of England declined to comment on the issue.[20]

Overseas support

The President of Poland Andrzej Duda also expressed his support.[21] On 23 April, Alfie was granted Italian citizenship under the request of Brothers of Italy's leader Giorgia Meloni. The Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs said it hoped Alfie would be allowed "immediate transfer to Italy".[22]

Alder Hey NHS Trust -v- Evans
CourtHigh Court of Justice (Family Division)
Decided20 February 2018 (2018-02-20) (High Court), 6 March 2018 (2018-03-06) (Court of Appeal)

On 19 December 2017, Alder Hey applied to the High Court to withdraw parental rights from Alfie's parents and to withdraw treatment by ventilation.[7] The case was heard in public in the Family Division of the High Court in London. Alder Hey claimed that continuing life-support treatment would not be in the best interests of Alfie and sought declaration that it "is not lawful that such treatment continue". Lawyers acting on the hospital's behalf further claimed that further treatment for Alfie would be "unkind and inhumane". A doctor treating Alfie stated that there was "no hope" for the child, and that he was in a persistent vegetative state from a degenerative neurological condition that medics had not been able definitively to identify. The parents denied this, with Alfie's father claiming that his son "looks him in the eye" and "wants help".[23]

The High Court ruled in favour of the hospital on 20 February 2018. In his judgement, the High Court judge stated that an MRI scan taken in February 2018 revealed that "[Alfie's] brain [was] entirely beyond recovery" and that "the brain was now only able to generate seizure" with "progressive destruction of the white matter of the brain which Dr R interpreted as now appearing almost identical to water and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)." The court observed that the medical consensus, including of doctors asked to testify by the parents, was that Alfie had a fatal and untreatable condition, but they differed over the best course of action concerning his end-of-life care. Mr Justice Hayden concluded that "I am satisfied that continued ventilatory support is no longer in Alfie's best interest".[5]

Appeals

Alfie's parents appealed against the decision in late February. On 6 March 2018, the Court of Appeal upheld the earlier ruling of the High Court.[24] They stated that the High Court judge was "meticulous and thorough", and that medical evidence showed Alfie was "deeply comatose" and "to all intents and purposes unaware of his surroundings". The parents applied to the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom on 20 March 2018, which refused permission for another appeal.[25] On 28 March 2018 the European Court of Human Rights ruled the case inadmissible, finding no arguable violation of human rights.[26]

In a High Court judgement of 11 April 2018, the judge remarked that "by the end of February the connective pathways within the white matter of the brain which facilitate rudimentary sensation — hearing, touch, taste and sight, had been obliterated. They were no longer even identifiable on the MRI scan".[27] The High Court backed an end-of-life care plan drawn up by medical specialists attached to Alfie Evans's case.

Alfie's father said that Alfie was wrongly "detained" at Alder Hey. Mr Justice Hayden dismissed that complaint, and appeal judges upheld his decision.[28][29] On 17 April 2018 Tom Evans and Kate James asked the Supreme Court to consider their case again.[7] Their application to appeal was refused on 20 April 2018. The justices wrote, "Alfie looks like a normal baby, but the unanimous opinion of the doctors who have examined him and the scans of his brain is that almost all of his brain has been destroyed. No-one knows why. But that it has happened and is continuing to happen cannot be denied. [...] there is no hope of his ever getting better."[30] The European Court of Human Rights again determined their appeal on these grounds to be inadmissible.[31]

The case concerned the family's argument that prevention of Alfie's transfer from Alder Hey Hospital constituted deprivation of liberty and a violation of Article 5 (right to liberty and security) of the European Convention on Human Rights.[32] The decision resulted in a protest of at least 200 people taking place outside of Alder Hey hospital.[33]

Withdrawal of life support

On 23 April, it was reported that Alfie's life support had been withdrawn.[34] Alfie continued to breathe after the removal of his breathing tube, although his parents gave conflicting reports, at one time claiming they needed to perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.[35] Other than a post on social media, no evidence of mouth-to-mouth ever being performed has ever been made public. Alfie's father stated to the media the next morning that Alfie had been breathing unassisted since shortly after life-support had been withdrawn, and that life-support should be reinstated.[36] The evening of the same day, Mr Justice Hayden rejected the parents' appeal for permission to fly their son to a hospital in Italy. The judge concluded how previously he had come, "the consensus of every doctor from every country who had ever evaluated Alfie's condition, to the inevitable conclusion (following 7 days of evidence) that Alfie's brain had been so corroded by his Neurodegenerative Brain Disorder that there was simply no prospect of recovery. By the time I requested the updated MRI scan in February, the signal intensity was so bright that it revealed a brain that had been almost entirely wiped out. In simple terms the brain consisted only of water and CSF. [...] All that could be offered by the Bambino Gesu Hospital in Rome was an alternative palliative care plan."[37] According to the Liverpool Echo, Alfie's father told reporters later that evening that the court had said it could set aside three judges that evening to hear his case again.[38] On 25 April, the appeal was rejected.[39]

Alfie's father sought to issue a private prosecution alleging "conspiracy to murder" against several staff members at Alder Hey.[1][40] A statement had been prepared by Pavel Stroilov of the Christian Legal Centre but was rejected by a district judge.[41] On 26 April, Tom Evans issued a statement, thanking supporters and staff at Alder Hey Hospital. He stated the family wished to "form a relationship, build a bridge and walk across it" with the hospital where their son has been treated and work with the treating team on a "plan that provides our boy with the dignity and comfort that he needs".[42]

Outcome

Alfie died at 2:30 a.m. on 28 April 2018.[43][44] Later that day his father, Tom Evans, released a statement on Facebook announcing his death: "My gladiator lay down his shield and gained his wings... absolutely heartbroken."[3]

Summary of judgments

Court Judge(s) Opinion Date
EWHC (Fam)
EnglandWales
Mr Justice Hayden Alfie needs palliative care, no hope of survival. 20 February[45]
EWCA (Civ)
EnglandWales
Lady Justice King
Lord Justice McFarlane
Lord Justice McCombe
Appeal dismissed. 6 March[46]
UKSC
United Kingdom
The Baroness Hale of Richmond (P)
The Lord Kerr of Tonaghmore
Lord Wilson of Culworth
Permission to appeal refused. 20 March[47]
ECHR
Europe
Appeal inadmissible. 28 March[48]
EWHC (Fam)
EnglandWales
Mr Justice Hayden Death is in Alfie's best interests. Father's hopes are unrealistic. 11 April[49]
EWCA (Civ)
EnglandWales
Lord Justice Davis
Lady Justice King
Lord Justice Moylan
Appeal dismissed. 16 April[50]
ECHR
Europe
Appeal inadmissible. 23 April[51]
EWCA (Civ)
EnglandWales
Lord Justice McFarlane
Lady Justice King
Lord Justice Coulson
Appeal dismissed. 25 April[52]

References

  1. ^ a b Sawer, Patrick (25 April 2018). "Alfie Evans's father threatened private murder prosecution against doctors treating the toddler". The Telegraph. telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
  2. ^ "Alfie Evans parents 'feared' they would resent new baby". BBC. 3 September 2018. Retrieved 28 December 2018.
  3. ^ a b "Legal battle toddler Alfie Evans dies". BBC News. 28 April 2018. Retrieved 28 April 2018.
  4. ^ a b Graves, Steve (28 April 2018). "Alfie Evans timeline: How one young boy captured the hearts of millions".
  5. ^ a b c Justice Anthony Hayden (20 February 2018). "Alder Hey Hospital v Evans" (PDF). Royal Court of Justice. Retrieved 28 April 2018.
  6. ^ Halliday, Josh (1 February 2018). "Alfie Evans: continuing life support 'inhumane', Liverpool court hears". The Guardian.
  7. ^ a b c "Timeline: The fight to keep Alfie Evans alive".
  8. ^ a b Graves, Steve; Parry, Josh (28 April 2018). "Alfie Evans timeline: How one young boy captured the hearts of millions". Liverpool Echo. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
  9. ^ Schraer, Rachel (25 April 2018). "Alfie Evans: When are parents denied the final say?". BBC News. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
  10. ^ "Alfie Evans: Police called to Alder Hey Children's Hospital as hundreds join protest". Sky News. 13 April 2018. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
  11. ^ "Merseyside Police comment on ongoing issues at Alder Hey hospital". www.merseyside.police.uk. 16 April 2018. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
  12. ^ "Merseyside Police". www.facebook.com. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
  13. ^ "The Pope's meeting with the father of Alfie Evans — Vatican News". 18 April 2018. Retrieved 28 April 2018.
  14. ^ @Pontifex (4 April 2018). "It is my sincere hope that everything necessary may be done in order to continue compassionately accompanying little Alfie Evans, and that the deep suffering of his parents may be heard. I am praying for Alfie, for his family and for all who are involved" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  15. ^ @Pontifex (23 April 2018). "Moved by the prayers and immense solidarity shown little Alfie Evans, I renew my appeal that the suffering of his parents may be heard and that their desire to seek new forms of treatment may be granted" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  16. ^ "Pope Francis renews appeal for Alfie Evans — Vatican News". 25 April 2018.
  17. ^ "Alfie Evans: card. Parolin, "incomprensibile il rifiuto di permettere che fosse portato in Italia" | AgenSIR". Servizio Informazione Religiosa (in Italian). 3 May 2018.
  18. ^ Sherwood, Harriet (1 May 2018). "Archbishop hits out at 'political aims' of some Alfie Evans campaigners". The Guardian.
  19. ^ Lamb, Christopher (6 October 2018). "Archbishop: Vatican has 'greater understanding' of Alfie Evans case". The Tablet.
  20. ^ Martin, Mark (30 April 2018). "The Tragic Death of UK Toddler Alfie Evans: Where was the Church?". Christian Broadcasting Network.
  21. ^ @AndrzejDuda (24 April 2018). "Alfie Evans must be saved! His brave little body has proved again that the miracle of life can be stronger than death. Perhaps all that's needed is some good will on the part of decision makers. Alfie, we pray for you and your recovery!" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  22. ^ "Alfie Evans granted Italian citizenship". BBC News. 23 April 2018. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
  23. ^ "Alder Hey NHS Trust -v- Evans [2018] EWHC 308 (Fam)". 20 February 2018. Archived from the original on 24 April 2018. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
  24. ^ "E (A Child), Re [2018] EWCA Civ 550". British and Irish Legal Information Institute. 6 March 2018.
  25. ^ "Permission to appeal determination in the matter of Alfie Evans — The Supreme Court". Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. 20 March 2018. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
  26. ^ "ECHR declares application by parents of Alfie Evans inadmissible" (PDF). 28 March 2018. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
  27. ^ "Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust v Evans & Ors [2018] EWHC 818 (Fam)". British and Irish Legal Information Institute. 11 April 2018. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
  28. ^ Pidd, Helen (20 April 2018). "Alfie Evans's parents lose latest legal battle at UK's highest court". The Guardian. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
  29. ^ "Evans & Anor v Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust & Ors [2018] EWCA Civ 805". British and Irish Legal Information Institute. 16 April 2018.
  30. ^ "Permission to appeal application in the matter of Alfie Evans — The Supreme Court". Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. 20 April 2018. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
  31. ^ "European court rejects plea from parents of Alfie Evans". ITV News. 23 April 2018. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
  32. ^ "ECHR finds fresh application from family of Alfie Evans inadmissible" (PDF). European Court of Human Rights. 23 April 2018. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
  33. ^ "Alfie protesters try to storm hospital". BBC News. 23 April 2018. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
  34. ^ Pidd, Helen; Rawlinson, Kevin; Perraudin, Frances (23 April 2018). "Life support has been withdrawn from Alfie Evans, says father". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
  35. ^ "Alfie Evans's parents 'giving toddler mouth-to-mouth' to keep him alive". London Evening Standard. 25 April 2018. Retrieved 28 April 2018.
  36. ^ Alfie Evans's father reveals son has been breathing unassisted after life support stops, The Telegraph, 24 April 2018.
  37. ^ "Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust v Evans & Anor [2018] EWHC 953 (Fam)". British and Irish Legal Information Institute. 24 April 2018. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
  38. ^ Alfie Evans latest: Parents say they had to keep him alive using mouth to mouth resuscitation, Liverpool Echo, 24 April 2018.
  39. ^ "Alfie Evans: Appeal court hearing 'extraordinary and tragic'". Sky News. 25 April 2018. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
  40. ^ "Alfie Evans' dad tries to prosecute doctors for 'conspiracy to murder'". 26 April 2018.
  41. ^ Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust v. Mr Thomas Evans, Ms Kate James and Alfie Evans, Neutral Citation Number: [2018] EWHC 953 (Fam), Case No: FD17P00694, Paragraph 14 (High Court of Justice, Family Division 24/04/2018) ("A statement had been prepared bearing the now instantly recognisable hallmark of Mr. Pavel Stroilov, a law student and case worker for Christian Legal Centre (CLC), who yesterday encouraged F to seek to issue a Private Prosecution alleging murder against some of the doctors at Alder Hey. It was properly rejected by the District Judge."), Text.
  42. ^ "Alfie Evans's family pledge to 'build bridge' with doctors". Sky News. 26 April 2018. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
  43. ^ "Alfie Evans dies after parents lose legal fight for life support". Sky News. Retrieved 28 April 2018.
  44. ^ Graham, Chris (28 April 2018). "Alfie Evans dies after long-running legal battle". The Daily Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 28 April 2018.
  45. ^ "Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust v Evans & Anor". British and Irish Legal Information Institute. Retrieved 7 August 2022.
  46. ^ "E (A Child) (Rev 1)". British and Irish Legal Information Institute. Retrieved 7 August 2022.
  47. ^ "In the Matter of Alfie Evans" (PDF). UK Supreme Court. Retrieved 7 August 2022.
  48. ^ "Evans v. the United Kingdom". British and Irish Legal Information Institute. Retrieved 7 August 2022.
  49. ^ "Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust v Evans & Ors". British and Irish Legal Information Institute. Retrieved 7 August 2022.
  50. ^ "Evans & Anor v Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust & Ors". British and Irish Legal Information Institute. Retrieved 7 August 2022.
  51. ^ "Evans v. the United Kingdom". British and Irish Legal Information Institute. Retrieved 7 August 2022.
  52. ^ "Evans & Anor v Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust & Anor (Rev 1)". British and Irish Legal Information Institute. Retrieved 7 August 2022.

Read other articles:

Pangari adalah istilah dari tradisi gotong royong dalam bidang pertanian pada masyarakat Suku Dayak, khususnya yang berada di Kecamatan Simpang Hulu, kabupaten Ketapang, Kalimantan Barat. Tradisi Pangari dilakukan dengan cara saling bertukar jasa dalam bentuk tenaga pada saat kegiatan bertanam atau memanen. Contoh: Keluarga A akan memanen hasil pertaniannya, maka keluarga B dengan jumlah misalnya sepuluh orang akan membantu keluarga A tanpa diberikan imbalan. Nantinya, ketika giliran keluarga...

 

العلاقات المغربية الشمال مقدونية المغرب شمال مقدونيا   المغرب   شمال مقدونيا تعديل مصدري - تعديل   العلاقات المغربية الشمال مقدونية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين المغرب وشمال مقدونيا.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومرج�...

 

هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (ديسمبر 2022) قائمة سفراء أستراليا لدى المغرب قائمة سفراء أستراليا لدى المغرب شاغل المنصب مايكل كاتس منذ أكتوبر 2020 اللقب سعادة السفير عن المنصب القسم وزارة الخارجية وال�...

Pembangunan nasional Indonesia adalah paradigma Pembangunan yang terbangun atas pengamalan Pancasila yaitu pembangunan manusia Indonesia seutuhnya dan pembangunan masyarakat Indonesia seluruhnya, dengan Pancasila sebagai dasar, tujuan, dan pedomannya.[1] Dari amanat tersebut disadari bahwa pembangunan ekonomi bukan semata-mata proses ekonomi, tetapi suatu penjelmaan pula dari proses perubahan politik, sosial, dan budaya yang meliputi bangsa, di dalam kebulatannya.[1] Pembangu...

 

Questa voce sull'argomento cardinali italiani è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Emidio Talianicardinale di Santa Romana ChiesaIl futuro cardinale Taliani in una fotografia del 1895.  Incarichi ricoperti Arcivescovo titolare di Sabastea (1896-1903) Nunzio apostolico in Austria (1896-1903) Cardinale presbitero di San Bernardo alle Terme Diocleziane (1903-1907)  Nato19 aprile 1838 a Montegallo Ordinato presbitero20 ottobre 1861 No...

 

Evangelii gaudiumLatin: Sukacita InjilSurat ensiklik dari Paus Fransiskus Tanggal24 November 2013 (2013-11-24)ArgumenTentang pewartaan Injil di dunia saat iniHalaman217Nomor ensiklik1 dari 7 dari kepausanNaskahDalam bahasa Inggris←Ecclesia in Medio Oriente Amoris laetitia → Evangelii gaudium (Indonesia: Sukacita Injil) adalah suatu anjuran apostolik karya Paus Fransiskus pada tahun 2013 tentang misi penginjilan utama gereja pada masa modern.[1] Evangelii gaudium menyebut bebe...

Fire of ConscienceSutradaraDante LamProduserDante LamCandy LeungDitulis olehJack NgPemeranLeon LaiRichie JenWang BaoqiangVivian HsuLiu Kai-chiMichelle YeWilfred LauSinematograferCharlie LamTse Chung-ToPenyuntingChan Kei-HopPerusahaanproduksiMedia Asia FilmsDistributorMedia Asia DistributionTanggal rilis1 April 2010Durasi105 menitNegara Tiongkok Hong Kong[1][2]BahasaKanton, Mandarin[1] Fire of Conscience (Hanzi: 火龍; Yale (Bahasa Kanton): For Lung) ...

 

Federal constituency of Perlis, Malaysia Kangar (P002) Perlis constituencyFederal constituencyLegislatureDewan RakyatMPZakri HassanPNConstituency created1974First contested1974Last contested2022DemographicsPopulation (2020)[1]100,755Electors (2022)[2]74,859Area (km²)[3]141Pop. density (per km²)714.6 Kangar is a federal constituency in Perlis, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Dewan Rakyat since 1974. The federal constituency was created in the 1974 redistrib...

 

For his son, the English politician, see Sir John Northcote, 1st Baronet. Effigy of John Northcote in Newton St Cyres Church John Northcote (1570–1632) of Uton and Hayne, Newton St Cyres, near Crediton, Devon, was a member of the Devonshire gentry, lord of the manor of Newton St Cyres, who is chiefly known to history for his artistically acclaimed effigy and monument in Newton St Cyres Church. Little or no documentary evidence concerning his career as a soldier or county administrator has s...

American actor, 1882–1949 This article is about the actor. For his son, the science fiction writer, see Fritz Leiber. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Fritz Leiber actor – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Fritz Leiber...

 

この記事は検証可能な参考文献や出典が全く示されていないか、不十分です。出典を追加して記事の信頼性向上にご協力ください。(このテンプレートの使い方)出典検索?: コルク – ニュース · 書籍 · スカラー · CiNii · J-STAGE · NDL · dlib.jp · ジャパンサーチ · TWL(2017年4月) コルクを打ち抜いて作った瓶の栓 コルク(木栓、�...

 

First Lady of South Korea For other people named Kim Jeong-suk, see Kim Jeong-suk (disambiguation). In this Korean name, the family name is Kim. Kim Jung-sook김정숙First Lady of South KoreaIn role10 May 2017 – 9 May 2022PresidentMoon Jae-inPreceded byChoi Ji-young (acting)Succeeded byKim Keon-hee Personal detailsBorn (1954-11-15) 15 November 1954 (age 69)[1]Seoul, South Korea[1]Political partyDemocraticSpouse Moon Jae-in ​(m. 1981)R...

Private university in Buena Vista, Virginia, US 37°44′25″N 79°21′01″W / 37.74028°N 79.35028°W / 37.74028; -79.35028 Southern Virginia UniversityFormer namesBowling Green Female Seminary (1867–1920)Southern Seminary (1920–1992)Southern Virginia College (1992–2001)MottoLearn that Life is ServiceTypePrivate liberal arts collegeEstablished1867; 157 years ago (1867)AccreditationSACSEndowment$1.96 million (2021)[1]PresidentBonnie H...

 

American multinational conglomerate holding company Berkshire Hathaway Inc.Blackstone Plaza, the location of Berkshire's corporate offices in Omaha, NebraskaCompany typePublicTraded asNYSE: BRK.A (Class A)NYSE: BRK.B (Class B)S&P 100 component (BRK.B)S&P 500 component (BRK.B)ISINUS0846707026IndustryConglomeratePredecessorValley Falls Company (1839–1929)Berkshire Fine Spinning Associates (1929–1955)Hathaway Manufacturing Company (1888–1955)Founded1839; 185 ...

 

Anthony Le Tallec Informasi pribadiNama lengkap Anthony Le TallecTanggal lahir 3 Oktober 1984 (umur 39)Tempat lahir Balikpapan, IndonesiaTinggi 1,84 m (6 ft 1⁄2 in)Posisi bermain PenyerangInformasi klubKlub saat ini ValenciennesNomor 19Karier junior1999–2001 Le HavreKarier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)2001–2008 Liverpool 17 (0)2001–2003 → Le Havre (pinjaman) 54 (7)2005 → Saint-Étienne (pinjaman) 7 (1)2005–2006 → Sunderland (pinjaman) 27 (4)2006–2007...

Il Palazzo della Ragione di Milano, che faceva parte della Contrada dei Rostri, definita per questo motivo contrada Capitana di Milano Le contrade di Milano sono state le suddivisioni storiche della città lombarda di Milano risalenti al Medioevo e sono utilizzate fino al XIX secolo, quando sono state sostituite dai moderni quartieri. Milano era divisa in trenta contrade accorpate, a gruppi di cinque,in ciascuno dei sei sestieri della città. Indice 1 Storia 2 Mappa dei sestieri e delle contr...

 

Mario Delpiniarcivescovo della Chiesa cattolicaRitratto ufficiale dell'arcivescovo Delpini. Plena est terra gloria eius  TitoloMilano Incarichi attuali Arcivescovo metropolita di Milano (dal 2017) Gran cancelliere della Facoltà teologica dell'Italia settentrionale (dal 2017) Presidente della Conferenza episcopale lombarda (dal 2017) Incarichi ricoperti Vescovo titolare di Stefaniaco (2007-2017) Vescovo ausiliare di Milano (2007-2017) Segretario generale della Conferenza episcopale lomba...

 

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Crosse. Crosses L'église Saint-Martin de Crosses. Administration Pays France Région Centre-Val de Loire Département Cher Arrondissement Bourges Intercommunalité Communauté de communes La Septaine Maire Mandat Isabelle Surgent 2020-2026 Code postal 18340 Code commune 18081 Démographie Populationmunicipale 395 hab. (2021 ) Densité 15 hab./km2 Géographie Coordonnées 47° 00′ 41″ nord, 2° 34′ 57″ est Alti...

Battle of the Gallic War Battle of the VingeannePart of the Gallic Wars (Vercingetorix's revolt)Map of the battle of the VingeanneDateJuly 52 BCLocationMontsaugeon Hill, Vingeanne Valley, France47.355938°N 5.488144°EResult Roman victoryBelligerents Roman Republic Coalition of Gallic tribesCommanders and leaders Gaius Julius Caesar VercingetorixStrength 5,000 cavalry3,000 infantry 15,000 cavalryCasualties and losses Unknown 3,000 killed or capturedvteGallic Wars Magetobriga (63 BC) Arar (58 ...

 

A Battle that took place during the Second English Civil War This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources.Find sources: Siege of Pembroke – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2020) Siege of PembrokePart of the Second English Civil WarThe Northwest side of Pembroke CastleDate31 May–11 July ...