Albanian exonyms

Many places have exonyms, names for places that differs from that used in the official or well-established language within that place, in the Albanian language.

Albanian has a relatively small number of true exonyms in areas beyond the current borders of Albania and Kosovo, mostly in neighboring countries, and those are listed here.

In addition, Albanian is a language with phonetic spelling that includes orthographic exonymy, i.e. it renders the names of non-Albanian places and people phonetically according to Albanian orthography. For example, Manchester is written as Mançester, Los Angeles as Los Anxheles, and New York as Nju Jork, etc. These are not listed here.

Grammatical forms of Albanian placenames

True Albanian exonyms, not mere orthographic exonyms, like all Albanian placenames can be rendered in two forms the same way as common nouns, the definite and indefinite forms.[1] These forms are created with postpositions to the placename.

When using English or another foreign language, Albanians tend to use the definite form but on road signs and other similar usage, the indefinite form is used because there is an implied preposition në, meaning "to" or "in", which is followed by the indefinite.[2] Maps, especially those produced in Albania, consistently use the indefinite form.[2]

The two forms are applied differently depending on grammatical gender of the word. "Recommended international usage for Albanian toponyms" in Kosovo has feminine place names appearing in the definite form and masculine place names in the indefinite form. However, in Albania, English usage is of the indefinite for both feminine and masculine placenames except for the capital, Tirana. Masculine nouns usually take the suffix -i and feminine ones the suffix -a (which overrides a final -ë).

Afghanistan

 Afghanistan Afganistani
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Kabul Kabul Kabəl Pashto
Kābul Persian

Austria

 Austria Austria
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Vienna Vjena Wien German

Azerbaijan

 Azerbaijan Azerbajxhan
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Baku Baku Bakı Azeri

Belgium

 Belgium Belgjika
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Brussels Bruksel[3] Brussel Dutch
Bruxelles French

Bosnia and Herzegovina

 Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnja dhe Hercegovina
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Brčko Bërçka Brčko Bosnian
Sarajevo Sarajevë Sarajevo Bosnian

Bulgaria

 Bulgaria Bullgaria
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Plovdiv Pl(l)ovdiv, Filipopojë Plovdiv Bulgarian
Sofia Sofje[3] Sofija Bulgarian

Canada

 Canada Kanadaja
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Ottawa Otava Ottawa English

China

 China Kinë
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Beijing Pekin Běijīng Mandarin

Croatia

 Croatia Kroacia
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Arbanasi Arbanëshi Arbanasi Croatian
Opatija Opatia Opatija Croatian
Rijeka Rieka Rijeka Croatian
Šibenik Shibeniku Šibenik Croatian
Zadar Zara Zadar Croatian

Cyprus

 Cyprus Qipro
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Nicosia Nikozia Lefkoşa Turkish
Lefkosía Greek

Czechia

 Czechia Çekia
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Prague Pragë[3] Praha Czech

Denmark

 Denmark Danimarka
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Copenhagen Kopenhagen, Kopenhagë[3] København Danish

Egypt

 Egypt Egjipti
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Cairo Kajro[3] Qāhirah Arabic

Estonia

 Estonia Estonia
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Tallinn Talin Tallinn Estonian

Germany

 Germany Gjermania
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Kiel Kiel Kiel German
Cologne Këln Köln German
Mainz Majnz Mainz German
Munich Mynih Münich German

Greece

 Greece Greqia
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Aetomilitsa Denckë Aetomilítsa Greek
Ammoudia Spllancë Ammúdia Greek
Anthousa Rrapezë Anthúsa Greek
Argos Orestiko Hurupisht, Rupisht Árgos Orestikó Greek
Arta Artë, Nartë Arta Greek
Athens Athinë Athína Greek
Bizani Bezhan Bizáni
Corfu Korfuz, Qarfoz Kérkyra
Delvinaki Delvinaq
Drosopigi Bellkamen Drosopigí
Edessa Vodenë Édessa
Elassona Allasonjë Elassóna
Fanari Frar Fanári
Filiates Filat Filiátes
Flampouro Negovan
Florina Follorinë Flórina
Grevena Grebené Grevená
Goumenissa Gumenicë Guménissa
Igoumenitsa Gumenicë Igumenítsa
Ioannina Janinë Ioánnina
Kalabaka Kallabakë Kalabáka
Kalamata Kallamatë Kalamáta
Karditsa Kardhitsë
Kastoria Kostur Kastoriá
Kastrion Kastricë
Katavothra Luarat Katavóthra
Kavala Kavallë
Konitsa Konicë Kónitsa
Lekhovon Lehovë Lékhovon
Livadeia Livadhja
Margariti Margëllëç, Margëlliç Margaríti
Messolonghi Mesolongji, Meslonjë Messolongí
Metsovo Mecovë, Meçovë Métsovo
Narkissos Arcë Narkíssos
Othoni Thonuz Othoní
Paramithia Paramithi Paramithiá
Parapotamos Varfanj Parapótamos
Parga Pargë Pargá
Patras Patër
Peloponnese Moré, Peloponez Pelopónnisos
Perdika Arpicë Perdika
Plataria Pllotarë Platariá
Pogoniani Voshtinë Pogonianí
Preveza Prevezë Préveza
Ptolemaida Kajlar
Sagiada Sajadhë
Stavroupoli Kristopojë Stavrúpoli
Syvota Volë Sývota
Themelon Taban Themélon
Thesprotikon Lelovë Thesprotikón
Thessaloniki Selanik Thessalonikí
Trikalla Tërkallë, Trikallë
Tripoli Tripolicë Tripolí
Vuvousa Vuvucë Vuvúsa

Iran

 Iran Irani
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Tehran Teheran Tehrān Persian

Israel

 Israel Izraeli
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Jerusalem Jeruzalem Al Quds Arabic
Yerushalayim (ירושליים) Hebrew
Nazareth Nazaret Naseriyye Arabic
Natzrat (נצרת) Hebrew

Italy

 Italy Italia
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Acquaformosa Firmoza
Barile Barilli
Campomarino Kemarini
Caraffa di Catanzaro Garfara
Casavecchia di Puglia Kazallveqi
Castroregio Kasternexhi
Cavallerizzo Cajaverizzi
Cervicati Cervikati
Cerzeto Qana
Chieuti Qefti
Civita Cifti
Falconara Albanese Fallkunara
Firmo Ferma
Frascineto Frasnitha
Genoa Gjenovë Genova Italian
Lungro Ungra
Macchia Albanese Maqi
Maschito Mashqiti
Mezzioiuso Munxifsi
Mongrassano Mongrasana
Montecilfone Munxhfune
Palazzo Adriano Palaci
Pallagorio Puherio
Piana dei Greci Hora e Arbëreshëvet
Plataci Pllatani
Portocannone Portokanuni
Ragusa Ragusë
Rome Romë Roma Italian
San Basile Shën Vasili
San Benedetto Ullano Shën Benedhiti
San Cosmo Albanese Strighari
San Constantino Albanese Shën Kostadini
San Demetrio Corone Shën Mitri
San Giacomo di Cerzetu Shën Japku
San Giorgio di Albanese Mbuzati
San Martino di San Finita Shën Murtiri
San Marzano di San Giuseppe Shën Marcani
San Nicola dell'Alto Shën Kolli
San Paolo Albanese Shën Pali
Santa Catarina Albanese Picilia
Santa Cristina Gela Sendahstina
Santa Sofia d'Epiro Shën Sofia
Spezzano Albanese Spixano
Trieste Trieshtë
Ururi Ruri
Vaccarizzo Albanese Vakarici
Vena di Maide Vina
Venice Venedik Venexia Venetian
Villa Badessa Badhessa

Jordan

 Jordan Jordania
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Amman Amani Ammān Arabic

Latvia

 Latvia Letonia
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Riga Riga Riga Latvian

Lebanon

 Lebanon Libani
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Beirut Bejrut Bayrūt Arabic
Tripoli Tripoli Tarābulus Arabic

Libya

 Libya Libia
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Tripoli Tripoli Tarābulus Arabic

Lithuania

 Lithuania Lituania
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Vilnius Vilnius Vilnius Lithuanian

Mongolia

 Mongolia Mongolia
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Ulanbaataar Ulan Bator Ulanbaataar Mongolian

Montenegro

 Montenegro Mali i Zi
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Andrijevica Andrijevicë Andrijevica Montenegrin
Bar Tivar Bar Montenegrin
Berane Beranë Berane Montenegrin
Bijelo Polje Bellopojë Bijelo Polje Montenegrin
Budva Buduë Budva Montenegrin
Cetinje Cetinë Cetinje Montenegrin
Gusinja Guci, Gusi Gusinja Montenegrin
Kolašin Koloshin Kolašin Montenegrin
Kotor Kotorr Kotor Montenegrin
Nikšić Nikshiq Nikšić Montenegrin
Plav Plavë Plav Montenegrin
Pljevlje Plevlë Pljevlje Montenegrin
Plužine Pluzhinë Plužine Montenegrin
Podgorica Podogoricë; Anamal, Burguriçë Podgorica Montenegrin
Rožaje Rozhajë Rožaje Montenegrin
Ulcinj Ulqin Ulcinj Montenegrin
Žabljak Zhabjak Žabljak Montenegrin

Nepal

   Nepal Nepali
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Kathmandu Katmandu Kantipur Nepali

Netherlands

 Netherlands Holanda
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
The Hague Hagë Den Haag Dutch

North Macedonia

 North Macedonia Maqedonia e Veriut
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Berovo Berovë Berovo Macedonian
Bitola Manastir[3] Bitola Macedonian
Debar Dibër[3] Debar Macedonian
Delčevo Dellçevë Delčevo Macedonian
Gevgelja Gjevgjeli Gevgelja Macedonian
Kičevo Kërçevë[3] Kičevo Macedonian
Kočani Koçan Kočani Macedonian
Kratovo Kratovë Kratovo Macedonian
Kriva Palanka Krivë Pallankë Kriva Palanka Macedonian
Kruševo Krushevë Kruševo Macedonian
Kumanovo Kumanovë Kumanovo Macedonian
Negotino Negotinë Negotino Macedonian
Ohrid Ohër, Ohrit[3] Ohrid Macedonian
Pehčevo Peçevë Pehčevo Macedonian
Prilep Prilep, Përlep Prilep Macedonian
Radoviš Radovisht Radoviš Macedonian
Resen Resnjë Resen Macedonian
Šar Mountains Bjeshkët e Sharrit, Malet e Sharrit, Mali i Sharrit[3] Šar Mountains Macedonian
Skopje Shkup[3] Skopje Macedonian
Struga Strugë[3] Struga Macedonian
Strumica Strumicë Strumica Macedonian
Sveti Nikole Sveti Nikollë Sveti Nikole Macedonian
Tetovo Tetovë[3] Tetovo Macedonian
Valandovo Vallandovë Valandovo Macedonian
Zajas Zajaz Zajas Macedonian

Oman

 Oman Omani
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Muskat Muskat Masqaṭ Arabic

Poland

 Poland Polonia
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Warsaw Varshavë Warszawa Polish

Romania

 Romania Rumania
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Bucharest Bukuresht București Romanian
Constanța Konstancë Constanța Romanian

Russia

 Russia Rusia
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Moscow Moska Moskva Russian
Saint Petersburg Shën-Pjetërburgu Sankt-Peterburg Russian

Rwanda

 Rwanda Ruanda
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Kigali Kigal Kigal Kinyarwanda

Saudi Arabia

 Saudi Arabia Arabia Saudite
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Medina Medina Madīna Arabic
Mecca Meka Makkah Arabic
Riyadh Riad Riyāḍ Arabic

Serbia

 Serbia Serbia
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Belgrade Beograd Beograd Serbian
Blace Bllacë Blace Serbian
Bujanovac Bujanoc Bujanovac Serbian
Kuršumlija Kurshumli Kuršumlija Serbian
Leskovac Leskoc Leskovac Serbian Also known in Albanian as Leshkuq
Medveđa Medvegjë Medveđa Serbian
Novi Pazar Pazar i Ri, Treg i Ri Novi Pazar Serbian
Preševo Preshevë Preševo Serbian
Prokuplje Prokuplë Prokuplje Serbian
Raške Rashkë Raške Serbian
Sjenica Senicë Sjenica Serbian
Vlasotince Vllasotincë Vlasotince Serbian
Vranje Vrajë Vranje Serbian

Somalia

 Somalia Somalia
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Mogadishu Mogadishu Muqdisho Somali

Switzerland

  Switzerland Zvicra
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Bern Bern Bern German
Chur Kur Chur German
Geneva Gjenevë Genèvre French
Genf German
Lausanne Lozanë Lausanne French
Lucerne Luzern Luzern German

Turkey

 Turkey Turqia
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Edirne Edërne, Adrianopojë Edirne Turkish
İstanbul Stamboll, Konstantinopojë İstanbul Turkish

Ukraine

 Ukraine Ukrainë
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Kyiv Kiev Kyiv Ukrainian

United Arab Emirates

 United Arab Emirates Emiratet e Bashkuara Arabe
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Abu Dhabi Abu Dabi Abū Ẓabī Arabic

United Kingdom

 United Kingdom Mbretëria e Bashkuar
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Cardiff Kardif Caerdydd Welsh
Edinburgh Edinburg Dún Èideann Scottish Gaelic
Edinburgh Scots, English
London Londër London English

United States

 United States Shtetet e Bashkuara të Amerikës
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Chicago Çikago Chicago English
Connecticut Kënetikët Connecticut English
New York Nju Jork New York English
Washington Uashington Washington English

Uzbekistan

 Uzbekistan Uzbekistani
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Tashkent Tashkent Toshkent Uzbek

See also

References

  1. ^ Leonard Newmark, Philip Hubbard, Peter R. Prifti. Standard Albanian: a reference grammar for students. Stanford University Press, 1982. p. 158. ISBN 978-0-8047-1129-6.
  2. ^ a b Gillian Gloyer. The Bradt Travel Guide Albania. 3rd edition. Bradt Travel Guides, 2008. ISBN 978-1-84162-246-0.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m KNAB, the Place Names Database of EKI

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