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AS.39 Fleet Shadower
AS.39 Fleet Shadower
General information
Type	carrier-based maritime reconnaissance aircraft
Manufacturer	Airspeed Ltd
Number built	1
History
First flight	17 October 1940
Retired	1941

The Airspeed AS.39 Fleet Shadower was a British long-range patrol aircraft design that did not go beyond the prototype stage. A similar aircraft, the General Aircraft Fleet Shadower, was also built to the extent of prototypes. While the concept of a fleet shadower had some promise, the resulting designs were soon overtaken by wartime developments in airborne radar.

Design and development

The Royal Navy envisaged a need (Operational Requirement OR.52) for an aircraft that could shadow enemy fleets at night and the resulting Specification S.23/37 called for a slow-flying low-noise aircraft with a long range, capable of operating from an aircraft carrier's flight deck. The specified performance was to be a speed of 38 knots (70 km/h) at 1,500 ft (460 m) for not less than six hours.^[1]

Five companies showed interest: Percival, Short Brothers, Fairey Aviation, General Aircraft Ltd and Airspeed.

General Aircraft submitted the G.A.L.38, of very similar general design to the AS.39.^[1] General Aircraft and Airspeed were selected to build two prototypes each and Airspeed received a contract on 10 August 1938.

The AS.39 was a high-wing, semi-cantilever, strut-braced (on the outer panels) monoplane with wooden wings and tail unit and an all-metal monocoque fuselage. It had a fixed, divided type landing gear and tailwheel. The observation aircraft had a crew of three: pilot, observer and radio operator. The AS.39 had a unique crew configuration with the observer accommodated in the nose with clear-vision windows on three sides and the pilot's compartment raised to allow passage to the radio operator's compartment. Four small 130 hp (97 kW) Pobjoy Niagara V seven-cylinder air-cooled radial engines were mounted on the wings. This maximized propwash over the wing giving extra lift at low speed. The wings could be folded for storage when used on an aircraft carrier.^[2]

Operational history

Of two prototypes started, only one was completed, flying on 17 October 1940, the first flight was delayed due to problems with the Niagara V engines which had a vibration problem. The prototype had stability problems and poor stall handling not helped by the under-powered engines. Airspeed were asked to respond to a proposal to re-engine the aircraft with two Armstrong Whitworth Cheetah XI radial engines and add rear-facing machine guns. Only a preliminary proposal had been made and the second aircraft was not complete when on 17 February 1941 the Navy cancelled the fleet shadower program along with the AS.39,^[3] the company was requested to scrap both aircraft. The competing G.A.L.38 flew for a few months before it was cancelled and scrapped in March 1942. The requirement for such aircraft had been made obsolete due to the introduction of radar on long-range patrol aircraft such as the Liberator I.

Specifications (AS.39)

Data from Nothing ventured...Airspeed AS.39 Night Shadower^[4]

General characteristics

Crew: 3 (Pilot, observer, radio operator)
Length: 39 ft 10 in (12.14 m)
Wingspan: 55 ft 4 in (16.87 m)
Height: 10 ft 5 in (3.18 m)
Wing area: 469 sq ft (43.6 m²)
Empty weight: 4,592 lb (2,083 kg)
Gross weight: 6,935 lb (3,146 kg)
Powerplant: 4 × Pobjoy Niagara V 7-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engines, 140 hp (100 kW) each

Performance

Maximum speed: 126 mph (203 km/h, 109 kn) at 5,000 ft (1,500 m)
Cruise speed: 113 mph (182 km/h, 98 kn) at 5,000 ft (1,500 m)
Stall speed: 33 mph (53 km/h, 29 kn)
Endurance: 6 hours
Service ceiling: 14,700 ft (4,500 m)
Absolute ceiling: 16,700 ft (5,100 m)
Rate of climb: 865 ft/min (4.4 m/s)
Time to altitude: 10,000 ft (3,000 m) in 18 minutes

References

Notes

^ ^a ^b Jarrett Aeroplane Monthly April 1992, pp. 16–19.
^ Bridgman, Leonard. Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II. New York: Crescent Books, 1988. ISBN 0-517-67964-7.
^ "General Aircraft Ltd GAL. 38". Fleet Air Arm Archive. 3 April 2000. Archived from the original on 3 April 2007. Retrieved 2 February 2007.
^ Jarrett Aeroplane Monthly June 1992, p. 53.

Bibliography

"Airspeed Types." Flight, 1951
Bridgman, Leonard, ed. Jane’s All The World’s Aircraft 1945–1946. London: Samson Low, Marston & Company, Ltd, 1946.
Butler, Phil. "The Night Shadowers." Air-Britain Aeromilitaria Vol. 32, Issue 125, Spring 2006, pp. 19–22. ISSB 0262-8791.
"Fleet Shadower."^[usurped] Fleet Air Arm archive. Retrieved: 2 February 2007.
Jarrett, Phil. "Nothing ventured...", Part 24. Aeroplane Monthly, April 1992, Vol 20 No 4. London: IPC. ISSN 0143-7240. pp. 16–19.
Jarrett, Phil. "Nothing ventured... General Aircraft GAL 38 Night Shadower". Aeroplane Monthly, May 1992, Vol 20 No 5. London: IPC. ISSN 0143-7240. pp. 18–23.
Jarrett, Phil. "Nothing ventured... Airspeed AS.39 Night Shadower". Aeroplane Monthly, June 1992, Vol 20 No 6. London: IPC. ISSN 0143-7240. pp. 52–57.
Winchester, Jim, ed. "General Aircraft Fleet Shadower (1940)". The World's Worst Aircraft: From Pioneering Failures to Multimillion Dollar Disasters. London: Amber Books Ltd., 2005. ISBN 1-904687-34-2.