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Agkistrodon russeolus
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Squamata
Suborder:	Serpentes
Family:	Viperidae
Genus:	Agkistrodon
Species:	A. russeolus
Binomial name
	Agkistrodon russeolus; Gloyd, 1972
Synonyms
	Agkistrodon bilineatus russeolus ; Gloyd, 1972; Agkistrodon russeolus ; — Porras et al., 2013;

Agkistrodon russeolus, commonly called the Yucatecan cantil,^[3] is a venomous pit viper species^[4] endemic to the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico and northern Belize.^[2]

Description

Adults of A. russeolus may grow to a total length (including tail) of more than 100 cm (39 in). Gloyd and Conant (1990) reported that the largest specimens they saw were from Pisté, Yucatán: a male of 105 cm (41 in) with a missing tail tip and a female of 101 cm (40 in). The average tail length is 19.2% of total body length in males and 16% in females.^[3]

Scalation includes 23 rows of keeled dorsal scales at midbody; 131-141 ventral scales; and 46-62 subcaudal scales, most of which are paired, especially towards the tail tip.^[3]

The dorsal color pattern consists of light brown to deep reddish brown ground color overlaid with 12-18 broad brown or brownish crossbands. Laterally, these crossbands are more lightly colored in the center and usually contain one or two dark spots. The head is clearly marked on either side with two longitudinal light lines: the upper one is narrow and may be broken behind to the eye, while the lower one is wider and separated from the commissure by a dark band.^[3]

Common names

Mayan names for A. russeolus are wol-poch (Gaige, 1936) and uol-poch (Schmidt and Andrews, 1936).^[3]

Geographic range

Agkistrodon russeolus occurs on the Yucatán Peninsula. The type locality is "11.7 km north of Pisté, Yucatán, Mexico."^[5]^{: 328 p.} The majority of records are from the semi-arid northern regions of the peninsula in the state of Yucatán, Mexico. However, several additional records are scattered in the south at various isolated localities in the Mexican states of Campeche, Tabasco, the vicinity of the Quintana Roo and Belize border, and northern Guatemala.^[3]^{: 60 p.}^[6]^{: 61 p.}^[7]^{: 399 p.}^[8] A number of reptiles from the Yucatán Peninsula fit this pattern of distribution, with continuous and unbroken records in the north, and several isolated and disjunct populations in the south.^[9]^{: 32-33 p.}

Habitat

Northern areas of the Yucatán Peninsula support a predominantly low, deciduous scrub forest (Yucatán dry forests) with thin soils on a porous limestone karst landscape. Surface water is uncommon or absent in the region.^[3]^{: 84 p.} The vegetation zones in the north have been characterized as tropical deciduous forest attaining heights of 20 meters in some areas, and thorn forest 5-7 meters high that is impenetrable in places in the far north. Southern regions of the peninsula, including much of the states of Quintana Roo, Campeche and northern Belize and Guatemala (northern El Petén) sustain tropical evergreen forest averaging 25-30 meters high. The canopy may be closed in some areas with a dense understory of vines and shrubs or more open in other areas allowing light to the ground.^[7]^{: 9-10 p.}

References

^ McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T (1999). Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1. Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).
^ ^a ^b Species Agkistrodon russeolus at The Reptile Database. Accessed 20 December 2018.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Gloyd HK, Conant R (1990). Snakes of the Agkistrodon Complex: A Monographic Review. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. 614 pp., 52 plates. LCCN 89-50342. ISBN 0-916984-20-6.
^ "Agkistrodon bilineatus russeolus ". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 31 July 2008.
^ Gloyd, Howard K. 1972. A subspecies of Agkistrodon bilineatus (Serentes: Crotalidae) on the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico. Proceedings of the Biological Society Washington, 84:327-334.
^ Porras, L.W., L. D. Wilson, G. W. Schuett, R. S. Reiserer. 2013. A taxonomic reevaluation and conservation assessment of the common cantil, Agkistrodon bilineatus (Squamata: Viperidae): a race against time. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 7(1): 48–73.
^ ^a ^b Lee, J. C. 1996. The Amphibians and Reptiles of the Yucatán Peninsula. Comstock Publishing Associates, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, USA. ISBN 0-8014-2450-X
^ iNaturalist, Explore, Observations: Yucatecan Cantil (accessed 30 July 2021)
^ Lee, Julian C. 1980. An ecological analysis of the herpetofauna of the Yucatán Peninsula. University of Kansas Museum of Natural History, Miscellaneous Publication67; 1-75.