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Aeroflot Flight 415
	An Antonov An-10, similar to the one involved in the accident
Accident
Date	28 July 1962
Summary	CFIT due to ATC error
Site	21 km southeast of Sochi Airport
Aircraft
Aircraft type	Antonov An-10A
Operator	Aeroflot
Registration	CCCP-11186
Flight origin	Snilow Airport
Stopover	Simferopol Airport
Destination	Adler/Sochi Airport
Occupants	81
Passengers	74
Crew	7
Fatalities	81
Survivors	0

Aeroflot Flight 415 (Russian: Рейс 415 Аэрофлота Reys 415 Aeroflota) was a domestic scheduled passenger flight operated by Aeroflot from Lviv to Sochi with a stopover in Simferopol. On 28 July 1962 the Antonov An-10 operating the route crashed near Gagra, Abkhaz ASSR, Georgian SSR, killing all 81 passengers and crew on board.^[1]

Aircraft

The aircraft involved in the accident was an Antonov An-10A with four Ivchenko AI-20K engines, registered CCCP-11186 to the Ukraine division of Aeroflot. At the time of the accident, the aircraft had sustained 1,358 flight hours and 1,059 pressurization cycles.^[2]

Passengers and crew

74 passengers and seven crew members were aboard Flight 415. The cockpit crew consisted of the following:^[3]

Captain Boris Mertyashev
Copilot Vladimir Sergeev
Navigator Grigory Karavay
Flight Engineer Vasily Kozyrev
Radio Operator Peter Shmygal

Nuclear physicist Natan Yavlinsky, designer of tokamak devices, was on the flight with his family.^[4]

Description of accident

At 14:37 the An-10 departed from Simferopol Airport and proceeded on the route at an altitude of 6000 meters. At 15:06 the flight was passed over to Sochi air traffic control. At 15:29 the crew of the An-10 contacted air traffic control and were instructed to proceed on a bearing of 240° and given information regarding the weather; mild winds at 3–4 m/s were present. The controller failed to inform the flight crew about the cloudcover at approximately 600 meters on the mountains nearby. Shortly thereafter the aircraft was given permission to decrease altitude to 500 meters. At 15:37 the crew reported they were at the new assigned altitude and still on a bearing of 240°; to which the controller responded with by ordering the flight to change course to a bearing of 60°; after which the air traffic controller was replaced when shifts were changed. When the air traffic controller noticed the aircraft approaching the mountains, he ordered the flight to change course to the left by 20°, when in fact it would have taken a minimum of 60° to avoid the mountains. At 15:41 and at an altitude of 500 meters, the aircraft crashed into the 700 meter tall mountain, killing all 81 people aboard the plane.

Causes

Numerous errors were responsible for the crash, including but not limited to:

The unsatisfactory flight plan, which established the flight approaching the airport at a bearing of 240° from the side of the mountains;
The approach configuration itself, which was not approved by the Ministry of Civil Aviation
Insufficient preparation for the flight to Sochi Airport by the crew, resulting in their following the air traffic controller’s instructions which put them on a dangerous course, causing the flight to enter the clouds and crash into the mountain.
The vicinity of the approach of aircraft to the mountains, specifically the distance of separation between incoming flights and the mountains.