Active fault

San Andreas Fault

An active fault is a fault that is likely to become the source of another earthquake sometime in the future. Geologists commonly consider faults to be active if there has been movement observed or evidence of seismic activity during the last 10,000 years.[1]

Active faulting is considered to be a geologic hazard – one related to earthquakes as a cause. Effects of movement on an active fault include strong ground motion, surface faulting, tectonic deformation, landslides and rockfalls, liquefaction, tsunamis, and seiches.[2]

Quaternary faults are those active faults that have been recognized at the surface and which have evidence of movement during the Quaternary Period.[3]

Related geological disciplines for active-fault studies include geomorphology, seismology, reflection seismology, plate tectonics, geodetics and remote sensing, risk analysis, and others.[2]

Location

Active faults tend to occur in the vicinity of tectonic plate boundaries, and active fault research has focused on these regions. Active faults tend to occur less within the area of any given plate. The fact that intraplate regions may also present seismic hazards has only recently been recognized.[2]

Measurement

Various geologic methods are used to define the boundaries of an active fault such as remote sensing and magnetic measurements, as well as other ways. Several types of data, such as seismologic reports or records over time, are used to gauge fault activity. Activity and fault area are correlated, and risk analysis is employed with other factors to determine the potential earthquake hazard.[2]

Geologic conditions in U.S.

The geologic conditions and plate tectonic setting in much of the Western U.S. has resulted in the region being underlain by relatively thin crust and having high heat flow, both of which can favor relatively high deformation rates and active faulting.

In contrast, in the Central and Eastern U.S. (CEUS) the crust is thicker, colder, older, and more stable. Furthermore, the CEUS is thousands of miles from active plate boundaries, so the rates of deformation are low in this region. Nevertheless, the CEUS has had some rather large earthquakes in historical times, including a series of major earthquakes near New Madrid, Missouri in 1811–1812, a large earthquake near Charleston, South Carolina in 1886, and the Cape Ann earthquake northeast of Boston in 1755.[3][4]

References

  1. ^ "Active fault" (online web page). Earthquake Glossary. USGS Earthquake Hazards Program. November 3, 2009. Retrieved 2011-09-17.
  2. ^ a b c d Slemmons, D. Burton; and Defolo, Craig (1986). "Evaluation of Active Faulting and Associated Hazards". Active Tectonics: Impact on Society. The National Academies Press. pp. 45–48. ISBN 978-0-309-07395-0.
    • Organizations that authored this book: Geophysics Study Committee, Geophysics Research Forum, National Research Council
  3. ^ a b "... relationship between Quaternary faults and earthquakes". Quaternary Faults. USGS Earthquake Hazards Program. October 27, 2009. Archived from the original (online web page) on November 27, 2011. Retrieved 2011-09-17.
  4. ^ "... so many earthquakes and Quaternary faults in the Western U.S." Quaternary Faults. USGS Earthquake Hazards Program. October 27, 2009. Archived from the original (online web page) on November 27, 2011. Retrieved 2011-09-17.

Read other articles:

Alexander Grothendieck

Alexander GrothendieckAlexander Grothendieck di Montreal, 1970Lahir(1928-03-28)28 Maret 1928Berlin, Prusia, Jerman WeimarMeninggal13 November 2014(2014-11-13) (umur 86)Saint-Lizier, Ariège, PrancisKebangsaantidak ada (sampai 1980-an)Prancis (dari 1980-an)[1][2][3]AlmamaterUniversity of MontpellierUniversity of NancyPenghargaan1966  Fields Medal1988  Crafoord Prize (ditolak)Karier ilmiahBidangMatematikaInstitusiInstitut des Hautes ÉtudesScientifiques (...

 

Halim Othman

Halim Othman Halim Othman lahir di Terengganu, Malaysia yang kini menjadi presenter di radio Sinar FM dalam acara Sinar Pagi bersama penyampai radio, Rina. Ia juga seorang pembawa acara Roda Impian sebelum digantikan dengan Hani Mohsin. Halim juga menjadi host di acara Halim Othman Live di Astro Ria. Artikel bertopik biografi tokoh ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.lbs

 

Nome Census Area, Alaska

Census area in Alaska, United States This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Nome Census Area, Alaska – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (February 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Borough in AlaskaNome Census AreaBoroughIditarod Trail Shelter Cabins, Cape Nome Roa...

Tikrit

Tikrit تكريتKotaPandangan dari utara sepanjang Sungai Tigris menuju istana Presiden Saddam pada April 2003Negara IraqProvinsiSalah ad DinKetinggian[1]449 ft (137 m)Populasi (2002) • Total260.000 Tikrit (تكريت, juga dieja Takrit atau Tekrit) adalah sebuah kota di Irak, terletak sekitar 140 km di sebelah barat laut Bagdad di Sungai Tigris. Tikrit adalah pusat pemerintahan provinsi Salah ad Din. Penduduknya berjumlah 260.000 jiwa (2002). Tik...

 

Athletics at the 1920 Summer Olympics – Men's 4 × 100 metres relay

Athletics at the Olympics Men's 4×100 metres relayat the Games of the VII OlympiadThe U.S. team, left-right:Paddock, Scholz, Murchison and KirskeyVenueOlympisch StadionDatesAugust 21–22Competitors52 from 13 nationsMedalists Morris Kirksey, Loren Murchison, Charley Paddock, Jackson Scholz United States Émile Ali-Khan, René Lorain, René Mourlon, René Tirard France Agne Holmström, Sven Malm, William Petersson, Nils Sandström Sweden← 19121924 U...

 

Lada Niva Travel

Mini sport utility vehicle made by Lada This article is about the AvtoVAZ-2123, Lada's second 4WD 'Niva' vehicle, formerly known as the Chevrolet Niva, since 2021 sold as the Lada Niva Travel. For the original Lada Niva / 4x4, see Lada Niva. This article is about the Lada Niva 4x4 vehicle formerly known as the Chevrolet Niva. It is not to be confused with the compact sedan known as the Lada Riva. Motor vehicle Lada Niva TravelOverviewManufacturerAvtoVAZ (1998–2002; 2020-present) GM-AvtoVAZ ...

شمس الدين السخاوي

  هذه المقالة عن شمس الدين السخاوي. لمعانٍ أخرى، طالع السخاوي (توضيح). الإمام شمس الدين السخاوي معلومات شخصية اسم الولادة محمد بن عبد الرحمٰن بن محمد بن أبي بكر بن عثمان بن محمد السخاوي الميلاد سنة 1427   القاهرة  الوفاة 1 مايو 1497 (69–70 سنة)  المدينة المنورة  مكا�...

 

弗雷德里克·齊盧巴

弗雷德里克·齊盧巴Frederick Chiluba第2任赞比亚总统任期1991年11月2日—2002年1月2日副职利维·姆瓦纳瓦萨前任肯尼思·卡翁达继任利维·姆瓦纳瓦萨 个人资料出生(1943-04-30)1943年4月30日北罗得西亚基特韦逝世2011年6月18日(2011歲—06—18)（68歲） 尚比亞卢萨卡（Lusaka）墓地 尚比亞卢萨卡使館公園總統陵園（英语：Embassy Park Presidential Burial）国籍赞比亚政党多黨民主運動（MMD）...

 

土库曼斯坦总统

土库曼斯坦总统土库曼斯坦国徽土库曼斯坦总统旗現任谢尔达尔·别尔德穆哈梅多夫自2022年3月19日官邸阿什哈巴德总统府（Oguzkhan Presidential Palace）機關所在地阿什哈巴德任命者直接选举任期7年，可连选连任首任萨帕尔穆拉特·尼亚佐夫设立1991年10月27日 土库曼斯坦土库曼斯坦政府与政治 国家政府 土库曼斯坦宪法 国旗 国徽 国歌 立法機關（英语：National Council of Turkmenistan） ...

W42 (nuclear warhead)

American nuclear warhead for HAWK missile. XW42 warhead with its storage container. The W42 was an American nuclear fission weapon developed in 1957. In December 1957 the Army requested the Atomic Energy Commission to develop a nuclear warhead for the HAWK low- to medium-altitude surface-to-air missile. In July 1958 the military characteristics were approved for the new warhead and the design released. Two months later the requirement for a HAWK with a nuclear warhead was cancelled. The warhe...

 

Datis nuperrime

Datis nuperrimeLatin for 'A new dawn' Encyclical of Pope Pius XIISignature date 5 November 1956Number35 of 41 of the pontificateTextIn LatinIn English← Luctuosissimi eventus Fidei donum → Catholicism portal Datis nuperrime is an encyclical of Pope Pius XII dated 5 November 1956 concerning the Soviet invasion of Hungary to suppress the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. This is a second encyclical protesting the oppression of the Hungarian people. Pope Pius, as in h...

 

ヨハネス12世 (ローマ教皇)

ヨハネス12世 第130代 ローマ教皇 教皇就任 955年12月16日教皇離任 964年5月14日先代 アガペトゥス2世次代 レオ8世個人情報出生 937年スポレート公国（中部イタリア）スポレート死去 964年5月14日 教皇領、ローマ原国籍 スポレート公国親 父アルベリーコ2世（スポレート公）、母アルダその他のヨハネステンプレートを表示 ヨハネス12世（Ioannes XII、937年 - 964年5月14日）は、ロ...

Doc Crandall

American baseball player (1887-1951) Baseball player Doc CrandallCrandall with the St. Louis Terriers in 1914PitcherBorn: (1887-10-08)October 8, 1887Wadena, Indiana, U.S.Died: August 17, 1951(1951-08-17) (aged 63)Bell, California, U.S.Batted: RightThrew: RightMLB debutApril 24, 1908, for the New York GiantsLast MLB appearanceAugust 31, 1918, for the Boston BravesMLB statisticsWin–loss record102–62Earned run average2.92Strikeouts606 Teams New York Giants ...

 

Dutch people

Ethnic group native to the Netherlands The Dutch redirects here. For other uses, see Dutch (disambiguation). Ethnic group DutchNederlandersTotal populationc. 30–35 million[a] Dutch diaspora and ancestry: c. 14 million Regions with significant populationsNetherlands      16,366,000[1](Self-identified ethnic Dutch and those legally treated as Dutch, e.g. Moluccans per Faciliteitenwet)[1]United States[b]3,083,000[2]South Africa[b][d]...

 

Serif

Decorative detail in typography This article is about the font characteristic. For the software company, see Serif Europe. For other uses, see Serif (disambiguation). Sans-serif font Serif font Serif font (red serifs) In typography, a serif (/ˈsɛrɪf/) is a small line or stroke regularly attached to the end of a larger stroke in a letter or symbol within a particular font or family of fonts. A typeface or font family making use of serifs is called a serif typeface (or serifed typeface), and...

Calendario islamico

Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento islam non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Calendario islamico del 2007 Il calendario islamico, basato sul moto della Luna, parte dal venerdì 16 luglio 622 del calendario giuliano, in cui fu compiuta l'Egira da Muhammad (il 1° Muharram dell'anno 1), e si a...

 

Germanic mythology

Body of mythology associated with historical Germanic paganism Mythology Mythologies Albanian Arabian Armenian Aboriginal Australian Berber Baltic (Latvian - Lithuanian - Prussian) Basque Bantu Brazilian Buddhist Catalan Cantabrian Celtic Breton Cornish Irish Scottish Welsh Chinese Efik Egyptian English Estonian Etruscan Finnish French Georgian Germanic Frankish Continental Germanic Norse Anglo-Saxon Gothic Greek Guanche Hindu Hittite Hungarian Indonesian Italian Japanese Kongo Korean Lugbara...

 

Daniel I. J. Thornton

American politician (1911–1976) Dan ThorntonChair of the National Governors AssociationIn officeAugust 2, 1953 – July 11, 1954Preceded byAllan ShiversSucceeded byRobert F. Kennon33rd Governor of ColoradoIn officeJanuary 9, 1951 – January 11, 1955LieutenantGordon AllottPreceded byWalter Walford JohnsonSucceeded byEdwin C. Johnson Personal detailsBorn(1911-01-31)January 31, 1911Hall County, Texas, U.S.DiedJanuary 18, 1976(1976-01-18) (aged 64)Carmel, California, U.S...

Pemilihan umum Presiden Amerika Serikat di Florida 2000

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Januari 2023. Pemilihan umum Presiden Amerika Serikat di Florida, 2000199620047 November 2000Kehadiran pemilih70%Kandidat   Calon George W. Bush Al Gore Partai Republik Demokrat Negara bagian Texas Tennessee Pendamping Dick Cheney Joe Lieberman Suara ...

 

串本町

くしもとちょう 串本町 潮岬 串本町旗2006年4月10日制定 串本町章2006年4月10日制定 国 日本地方 近畿地方都道府県 和歌山県郡 東牟婁郡市町村コード 30428-0法人番号 9000020304280 面積 135.67km2（境界未定部分あり）総人口 13,558人 [編集]（推計人口、2024年6月1日）人口密度 99.9人/km2隣接自治体 東牟婁郡：古座川町、那智勝浦町 西牟婁郡：すさみ町町の木 ツバキ町の花 モチ�...