Acer glabrum

Acer glabrum
A. glabrum subsp. douglasii, Olympic National Forest

Secure  (NatureServe)[2]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Sapindales
Family: Sapindaceae
Genus: Acer
Section: Acer sect. Glabra
Species:
A. glabrum
Binomial name
Acer glabrum
Torr. 1827
Natural range
Synonyms
List
  • Acer barbatum Hook. 1831 not Michx. 1803
  • Acer neomexicanum Greene
  • Acer torreyi Greene
  • Acer tripartitum Nutt.

Acer glabrum is a species of maple native to western North America, from southeastern Alaska, British Columbia and western Alberta, east to western Nebraska, and south through Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana and Colorado to California, Arizona, Utah, and New Mexico.[3]

Description

Acer glabrum is a small tree growing to 6–9 metres (20–30 feet) tall, exceptionally 12 m (39 ft), with a trunk around 13 centimetres (5 inches) in diameter, exceptionally around 25 cm (10 in).[4] The leaves are 2–13 cm (3⁄4–5 in) broad, three-lobed (rarely five-lobed),[4] variable in the depth of lobing, occasionally so deeply lobed as to be divided into three leaflets; the lobes have an acute apex and a coarsely serrated margin. The flowers are produced in corymbs of five to ten, yellowish-green, at the same time as the new leaves in spring. The fruit is a samara or winged seed, which develops in fused pairs at an angle of less than 45° when mature, though some varieties spread out to 90°.[4][5][6]

Varieties

There are four to six varieties, some of them treated by some authors at the higher rank of subspecies:[3][6][7]

  • Acer glabrum var. glabrum (syn. subsp. glabrum; Rocky Mountain maple)– Rocky Mountains, Montana to New Mexico
  • Acer glabrum var. diffusum (Greene) Smiley (syn. subsp. diffusum (Greene) A.E.Murray; Rocky Mountain maple) – eastern California, Nevada, Utah
  • Acer glabrum var. douglasii (Hook.) Dippel (syn. subsp. douglasii (Hook.) Wesm.; Douglas maple, also incorrectly vine maple[8]) – Alaska south to Washington and Idaho
  • Acer glabrum var. greenei Keller (Greene's maple) – endemic-central California
  • Acer glabrum var. neomexicanum (Greene) Kearney & Peebles (syn. subsp. neomexicanum (Greene) A.E.Murray; New Mexico maple) – New Mexico
  • Acer glabrum var. torreyi (Greene) Smiley (syn. subsp. torreyi (Greene) A.E.Murray; Torrey maple) – endemic-Northern California

Distribution and habitat

Acer glabrum is plentiful in many parts of the Rocky Mountains, Cascade Mountains, Olympic Mountains and the Sierra Nevada, often growing with ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir, and quaking aspen.[9] It can be found in dry rocky areas.[4]

Ecology

It tends to be found in brush fields arising from fire-disturbed sites. Conifers tend to replace it in well-forested areas.[4] The foliage is browsed by game animals (especially deer and elk in winter), cattle, and sheep.[4][10]

Uses

Native Americans utilized the strong stems for snowshoe frames, bows, and other applications.[4] Some Plateau Indian tribes drink an infusion of Douglas maple as a treatment for diarrhea.[11] Ramah Navajo use an infusion of the glabrum variety for swellings, and also as a "life medicine", or panacea.[12][13]

References

  1. ^ Barstow, M.; Crowley, D.; Rivers, M.C. (2018) [amended version of 2017 assessment]. "Acer glabrum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T193546A125923759. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T193546A125923759.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
  2. ^ "Acer glabrum". NatureServe Explorer. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
  3. ^ a b "Acer glabrum". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g Arno, Stephen F.; Hammerly, Ramona P. (2020) [1977]. Northwest Trees: Identifying & Understanding the Region's Native Trees (field guide ed.). Seattle: Mountaineers Books. pp. 257–258. ISBN 978-1-68051-329-5. OCLC 1141235469.
  5. ^ Plants of British Columbia: Acer glabrum Archived 2011-07-06 at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ a b Jepson Flora Project: Acer glabrum var. diffusum, var. greenei, var. torreyi
  7. ^ USDA Plants Profile: Acer glabrum
  8. ^ Parish, Roberta; Coupé, Ray; Lloyd, Dennis (1996). Plants of Southern Interior British Columbia. Lone Pine. p. 73. ISBN 1-55105-057-9.
  9. ^ USDA Forestry Service, Fire Effects Information: Acer glabrum
  10. ^ Whitney, Stephen (1985). Western Forests (The Audubon Society Nature Guides). New York: Knopf. p. 394. ISBN 0-394-73127-1.
  11. ^ Hunn, Eugene S. (1990). Nch'i-Wana, "The Big River": Mid-Columbia Indians and Their Land. University of Washington Press. p. 351. ISBN 0-295-97119-3.
  12. ^ Vestal, Paul A. 1952 The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho. Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94 (p. 36)
  13. ^ "BRIT - Native American Ethnobotany Database".

Further reading

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