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Acanthurus nigroris
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Acanthuriformes
Family:	Acanthuridae
Genus:	Acanthurus
Species:	A. nigroris
Binomial name
	Acanthurus nigroris; Valenciennes, 1835
Synonyms
	Acanthurus nigroris Valenciennes, 1835 ; Acanthurus bipunctatus Günther, 1861 ; Teuthis atrimentatus Jordan & Evermann, 1903 ; Hepatus atramentatus Jordan & Evermann, 1905 ; Acanthurus atramentatus (Jordan & Evermann, 1905) ;

Acanthurus nigroris, the bluelined surgeonfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Acanthuridae, which includes the surgeonfishes, unicornfishes and tangs. This species and A. nigros have been regarded as synonymous with the combined taxon having a wide Indo-Pacific distribution, if treated as a separate valid species it is confined to the United States Pacific islands.

Taxonomy

Acanthurus nigroris was first formally described in 1835 by the French zoologist Achille Valenciennes with its type locality given as "Hawaiian island".^[3] In 1861 the German-born British zoologist Albert Günther described a new species Acanthurus nigros from the New Hebrides and in 1956 John E. Randall reviewed the genus Acanthurus and placed Günther's A. nigros in synonymy with A. nigroris but in 2011 workers, including Randall, have argued that genetic differences support the validity of A. nigros as a separate species from A. nigroris.^[4] The genus Acanthurus is one of two genera in the tribe Acanthurini which is one of three tribes in the subfamily Acanthurinae which is one of two subfamilies in the family Acanthuridae.^[5]

Etymology

Acanthurus nigroris has the subspecific name, nigroris combining niger, meaning "black", with oris, meaning "mouth" a reference to the black lips Valenciennes described for this fish, these are not apparent in living specimens so may be a result of preservation in alcohol.^[6]

Description

Acanthurus nigroris has its dorsal fin supported by 9 spines and between 23 and 26 soft rays while its anal fin is supported by 3 spines and 22-24 soft rays. It also has a anterior gill raker count of between 26 and 31. The overall colour of the body is pale to dark brown, with slightly irregular, horizontal, dotted blue lines thinner than the brown spaces between them. There are blue lines on the head below the eye and on the gill cover which run parallel to the snout. There is a black spot with a diameter less than half that of the eye at the posterior of both the dorsal and anal fins. There is frequently a thick whitish bar on the caudal peduncle. The dorsal and anal fins have horizontal reddish brown bands and a slender blue margin. The caudal fin has a thin white rear margin. The maximum standard length is 18 cm (7.1 in).^[7]

Distribution and habitat

Acanthurus nigroris sensu stricto is found in the central Pacific Ocean where it is jnown only from the Hawaiian Islands and Johnston Atoll. This species is a generalist, as far as habitat is concerned, being found in schools which vary from a few individuals to hundreds inlagoons, on seaward reefs and in areas of mixed sand, rock and coral rubble. Here they graze on filamentous algae and feed on plankton.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b Choat, J.H.; McIlwain, J.; Rocha, L.A.; et al. (2012). "Acanthurus nigroris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012: e.T177999A1516566. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T177999A1516566.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Acanthuris nogroris". FishBase. June 2023 version.
^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Acanthurus". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
^ "Acanthurus nigros is a valid species". Practical Fishkeeping. 4 July 2011. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
^ J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 497–502. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6.
^ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (12 January 2021). "Order ACANTHURIFORMES (part 2): Families EPHIPPIDAE, LEIOGNATHIDAE, SCATOPHAGIDAE, ANTIGONIIDAE, SIGANIDAE, CAPROIDAE, LUVARIDAE, ZANCLIDAE and ACANTHURIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
^ John E. Randall; Joseph D. DiBattista; and Christies Wilcox (2011). "Acanthurus nigros Günther, a Valid Species of Surgeonfish, Distinct from the Hawaiian A. nigroris Valenciennes". Pacific Science. 65 (2): 265–275. doi:10.2984/65.2.265.