ADARB1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Double-stranded RNA-specific editase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ADARB1 gene .[ 5] [ 6] [ 7] ADAR family.
Function
This gene encodes the enzyme responsible for pre-mRNA editing of the glutamate receptor subunit B by site-specific deamination of adenosines . Studies in rats found that this enzyme acted on its own pre-mRNA molecules to convert an AA dinucleotide to an AI dinucleotide which resulted in a new splice site . Alternative splicing of this gene results in several transcript variants, some of which have been characterized by the presence or absence of an Alu cassette insert and a short or long C-terminal region.[ 7]
ADARB1 requires the small molecule inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6 ) for proper function.[ 8] A-to-I RNA-editing enzyme that mostly acts on protein-coding substrates.[ 9]
See also
References
^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000197381 – Ensembl , May 2017^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000020262 – Ensembl , May 2017^ "Human PubMed Reference:" . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine .^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:" . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine .^ Mittaz L, Scott HS, Rossier C, Seeburg PH, Higuchi M, Antonarakis SE (April 1997). "Cloning of a human RNA editing deaminase (ADARB1) of glutamate receptors that maps to chromosome 21q22.3". Genomics . 41 (2): 210– 7. doi :10.1006/geno.1997.4655 . PMID 9143496 . ^ Keegan LP, Leroy A, Sproul D, O'Connell MA (Feb 2004). "Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs): RNA-editing enzymes" . Genome Biology . 5 (2): 209. doi :10.1186/gb-2004-5-2-209 PMC 395743 PMID 14759252 . ^ a b "Entrez Gene: ADARB1 adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific, B1 (RED1 homolog rat)" .^ Macbeth MR, Schubert HL, Vandemark AP, Lingam AT, Hill CP, Bass BL (September 2005). "Inositol hexakisphosphate is bound in the ADAR2 core and required for RNA editing" . Science . 309 (5740): 1534– 9. Bibcode :2005Sci...309.1534M . doi :10.1126/science.1113150 . PMC 1850959 PMID 16141067 . ^ Licht K, Jantsch MF (April 2016). "Rapid and dynamic transcriptome regulation by RNA editing and RNA modifications" . The Journal of Cell Biology . 213 (1): 15– 22. doi :10.1083/jcb.201511041 . PMC 4828693 PMID 27044895 .
Further reading
Valenzuela A, Blanco J, Callebaut C, Jacotot E, Lluis C, Hovanessian AG, Franco R (1997). "HIV-1 Envelope gp120 and Viral Particles Block Adenosine Deaminase Binding to Human CD26". Cellular Peptidases in Immune Functions and Diseases . Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 421. pp. 185– 92. doi :10.1007/978-1-4757-9613-1_24 . ISBN 978-1-4757-9615-5 PMID 9330696 . Melcher T, Maas S, Herb A, Sprengel R, Seeburg PH, Higuchi M (February 1996). "A mammalian RNA editing enzyme". Nature . 379 (6564): 460– 4. Bibcode :1996Natur.379..460M . doi :10.1038/379460a0 . PMID 8559253 . S2CID 4326456 . O'Connell MA, Gerber A, Keller W (January 1997). "Purification of human double-stranded RNA-specific editase 1 (hRED1) involved in editing of brain glutamate receptor B pre-mRNA" . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 272 (1): 473– 8. doi :10.1074/jbc.272.1.473 PMID 8995285 . Valenzuela A, Blanco J, Callebaut C, Jacotot E, Lluis C, Hovanessian AG, Franco R (April 1997). "Adenosine deaminase binding to human CD26 is inhibited by HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 and viral particles" . Journal of Immunology . 158 (8): 3721– 9. doi :10.4049/jimmunol.158.8.3721 PMID 9103436 . Lai F, Chen CX, Carter KC, Nishikura K (May 1997). "Editing of glutamate receptor B subunit ion channel RNAs by four alternatively spliced DRADA2 double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminases" . Molecular and Cellular Biology . 17 (5): 2413– 24. doi :10.1128/MCB.17.5.2413 . PMC 232090 PMID 9111310 . Yang JH, Sklar P, Axel R, Maniatis T (April 1997). "Purification and characterization of a human RNA adenosine deaminase for glutamate receptor B pre-mRNA editing" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 94 (9): 4354– 9. Bibcode :1997PNAS...94.4354Y . doi :10.1073/pnas.94.9.4354 PMC 20726 PMID 9113993 . Gerber A, O'Connell MA, Keller W (May 1997). "Two forms of human double-stranded RNA-specific editase 1 (hRED1) generated by the insertion of an Alu cassette" . RNA . 3 (5): 453– 63. PMC 1369496 PMID 9149227 . Villard L, Tassone F, Haymowicz M, Welborn R, Gardiner K (March 1997). "Map location, genomic organization and expression patterns of the human RED1 RNA editase". Somatic Cell and Molecular Genetics . 23 (2): 135– 45. doi :10.1007/BF02679972 . PMID 9330641 . S2CID 45104326 . Blanco J, Valenzuela A, Herrera C, Lluís C, Hovanessian AG, Franco R (July 2000). "The HIV-1 gp120 inhibits the binding of adenosine deaminase to CD26 by a mechanism modulated by CD4 and CXCR4 expression". FEBS Letters . 477 (1– 2): 123– 8. doi :10.1016/S0014-5793(00)01751-8 . PMID 10899322 . S2CID 22229481 . Herrera C, Morimoto C, Blanco J, Mallol J, Arenzana F, Lluis C, Franco R (June 2001). "Comodulation of CXCR4 and CD26 in human lymphocytes" . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 276 (22): 19532– 9. doi :10.1074/jbc.M004586200 PMID 11278278 . Maas S, Patt S, Schrey M, Rich A (December 2001). "Underediting of glutamate receptor GluR-B mRNA in malignant gliomas" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 98 (25): 14687– 92. Bibcode :2001PNAS...9814687M . doi :10.1073/pnas.251531398 PMC 64742 PMID 11717408 . Jayan GC, Casey JL (April 2002). "Increased RNA editing and inhibition of hepatitis delta virus replication by high-level expression of ADAR1 and ADAR2" . Journal of Virology . 76 (8): 3819– 27. doi :10.1128/JVI.76.8.3819-3827.2002 . PMC 136091 PMID 11907222 . Jaikaran DC, Collins CH, MacMillan AM (October 2002). "Adenosine to inosine editing by ADAR2 requires formation of a ternary complex on the GluR-B R/G site" . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 277 (40): 37624– 9. doi :10.1074/jbc.M204126200 PMID 12163487 . Jayan GC, Casey JL (December 2002). "Inhibition of hepatitis delta virus RNA editing by short inhibitory RNA-mediated knockdown of ADAR1 but not ADAR2 expression" . Journal of Virology . 76 (23): 12399– 404. doi :10.1128/JVI.76.23.12399-12404.2002 . PMC 136899 PMID 12414985 . Slavov D, Gardiner K (October 2002). "Phylogenetic comparison of the pre-mRNA adenosine deaminase ADAR2 genes and transcripts: conservation and diversity in editing site sequence and alternative splicing patterns". Gene . 299 (1– 2): 83– 94. doi :10.1016/S0378-1119(02)01016-8 . PMID 12459255 .
External links
PDB gallery
1zy7 : Crystal structure of the catalytic domain of an adenosine deaminase that acts on RNA (hADAR2) bound to inositol hexakisphosphate (IHP)
2b7t : Structure of ADAR2 dsRBM1
2b7v : Structure of ADAR2 dsRBM2
Activity Regulation Classification Kinetics Types
