The Left-Green Movement and the Pirate Party lost all of their parliamentary representation, with each failing to obtain a seat for the first time since their foundation in 1999 and 2013 respectively.[3]
The 2021 parliamentary election took place on 25 September, a month before the latest date allowed by law. The government coalition of the Left-Green Movement, the Progressive Party and the Independence Party, led by prime minister Katrín Jakobsdóttir, had been in place since the 2017 elections. This unusual coalition of parties from the left wing, the center and the right wing of Icelandic mainstream politics maintained its majority in parliament in the elections as the Independence Party had the same number of seats as before while the Progressive Party added 5 seats and the Left-Green Movement lost 3. As for the opposition parties, the People's Party gained two seats and the Viðreisn gained 1 seat. The Pirate Party held steady but the Social Democratic Alliance lost 1 seat and the Centre Party lost 4 of its seats in parliament. The Icelandic Socialist Party received 4.1% of the vote but no seats as 5% of the national vote is needed to be eligible for the allocation of leveling seats.
The coalition partners from the previous term soon decided that the first option for coalition talks should be to renew their coalition. The second cabinet of Katrín Jakobsdóttir was then formed on 28 November.[4][5]
On 13 October, prime minister Bjarni Benediktsson announced that the government had collapsed due to disputes over foreign policy, asylum seekers, and energy, prompting him to call for new elections and ask President Halla Tómasdóttir the next day to dissolve the Althingi and set the elections for 30 November.[6][7] In particular, Bjarni cited "how different the Movement's vision for the future is, compared to what I want to stand for".[8]
Issues
In November 2024, a Gallup poll found that more than 60% of voters regarded healthcare, economic issues and housing as a top concern. Immigration was regarded as a key issue by 32% of those surveyed while asylum issues accounted for 18% of respondents. The public broadcaster RÚV said that an AI chatbot set up to answer election-related questions received mostly queries on housing and taxation.[9]
The 63 members of the Althing are elected by open listproportional representation in six multi-member constituencies, with 54 seats distributed between parties at the constituency level with no electoral threshold and 9 leveling seats assigned to party lists at the national level in order to ensure proportionality with the election result, with a threshold of 5 percent required.[10] The 54 constituency seats are distributed within each constituency according to the D'Hondt method.[11] Election lists are determined by parties; although voters have the option of altering the order of candidates or striking out particular candidates entirely, this rarely has any effect on the result.[10]
The number of voters per parliamentary seat varies significantly between the constituencies of Iceland.[citation needed] The number of seats per constituency was determined by law in 1999 and is not updated before each election except when the number of voters per representative in the most represented constituency reaches half the number of voters per representative in the least represented constituency.[citation needed] The constitution stipulates that in this case, a constituency seat should be transferred from the most represented constituency to the least represented constituency.[citation needed] This has happened twice since 1999, in both cases transferring a constituency seat from the Northwest constituency (a large rural constituency) to the Southwest constituency (a relatively small constituency in area, adjoining the capital city).[citation needed] In the 2021 election, the number of eligible voters for each seat in the Southwest was 5671.5, more than double the 2693.5 eligible voters for each seat in the Northwest. According to the constitution, this means another transfer of a constituency seat from the Northwest to the Southwest before the next parliamentary election.[citation needed]
Date
Per Article 23 in Chapter V of Act No. 112 from the 25 June 2021 Elections Law, elections must be held no later than the same weekday of the month four years after the previous elections, counting from the turn of the month;[12] therefore, because the 2021 election took place on the fourth Saturday in September, the latest possible date for the election was 27 September 2025.[citation needed]
Following the collapse of the government in October 2024, the election was held on 30 November.[8]
The table below lists political parties participating in the election. This list also includes the percentages and Althing seats of the parties after the 2021 parliamentary election.[citation needed]
The Left-Green Movement and the Pirate Party lost all of their parliamentary representation, with each failing to obtain a seat for the first time since their foundation in 1999 and 2013 respectively.[16]
People's Party leader Inga Sæland expressed an interest in joining a governing coalition and said she favored a coalition consisting of her own party, the Social Democratic Alliance, and Viðreisn. However, she did not explicitly rule out any party. This followed with praise from the leader of the Social Democratic Alliance Kristrún Frostadóttir for Inga's work on repairing issues affecting the elderly and disabled.[17]
Kristrún Frostadóttir also expressed interest in forming a government, but did not rule out any party, but signaled that if she formed a coalition with the Independence Party, she said they would need to change their policies. However, she said she preferred a coalition with those who were ideologically closer to her party. There was talk also about the possibility of forming the biggest parliamentary majority between the three largest parties (S, D, and C), similarly to what was done in the last parliamentary session.[17]
Viðreisn's leader Þorgerður Katrín Gunnarsdóttir also expressed an interest in forming a government and said she was interested in joining a "coherent" government and was not seeking to become Prime Minister. Election results showed that her party could play a kingmaker role in who forms the next government and would be able to provide a majority (if it comes down) to either a possible centrist left-leaning coalition with the Social Democrats and People's or possibly with Independence and the Centre Party, which is more right-leaning.[17]
Centre Party leader Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson met with President Halla Tómasdóttir on 2 December. He stated that he believed that Social Democratic Alliance leader Kristrún Frostadóttir should get the first mandate to form a government, as her party won first and said he did not rule out joining a government with any party. He stated he would implement "real changes", if he does enter a coalition.[18] Independence Party leader and Prime Minister Bjarni Benediktsson also met with Halla and stated that he would not be making any special effort in asking for a mandate to forming a government, stating nothing was achieved in getting it and not being able to do anything with it, if received. He also stated he intended to meet with his party to decide on how to proceed, following the elections.[19]
On 3 December, Halla gave Kristrún the first mandate and expressed interest in trying to form a government with her own party, Viðreisn, and the People's Party.[20] On 4 December, Kristrún Frostadóttir began the formal process of forming a government consisting of Social Democratic Alliance, Viðreisn and the People's Party. If successfully formed, the government would have 36 of the 63 seats in the Althing. The coalition leaders were dubbed as "valkyries", citing that the three parties are led by women.[21][22]
For mechanical action in pipe organs, see tracker action. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Mechanical organ – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) A mechanical organ is an organ that is self-playing, rather than played by ...
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