2020 in spaceflight

2020 in spaceflight
NASA astronauts Bob and Doug during Crew Dragon Demo-2
Chang'e 5 during assembly testing
Animation of the asteroid Bennu being sampled by OSIRIS-REX for return to earth
Seven-member crew of ISS Expedition 64
Highlights from spaceflight in 2020[a]
Orbital launches
First7 January
Last29 December
Total114
Successes104
Failures10
Partial failures0
Catalogued104
National firsts
Spaceflight
Satellite
Suborbital launch Netherlands
Rockets
Maiden flights
Retirements
Crewed flights
Orbital4
Suborbital0
Total travellers12
EVAs8
2020 in spaceflight
← 2019
2021 →

This article documents notable spaceflight events during the year 2020.

Overview

Astronomy and astrophysics

The GECAM A and B satellites were launched on 9 December. They were built for research in electromagnetic counterparts of gravitational waves.

Exploration of the Solar System

Three missions to Mars were launched in 2020, including two rovers, two orbiters, and a lander. NASA has launched the Mars 2020 mission, which includes the Perseverance rover and Ingenuity helicopter, and will cache samples for eventual return to Earth.[1] The China National Space Administration (CNSA) has launched its Tianwen-1 mission, which includes an orbiter, a lander, a small rover and a group of deployable and remote cameras;[2] it is China's first mission to another planet using its own delivery vehicle.[1] Finally, the United Arab Emirates, in partnership with American universities, has launched the Hope Mars Mission orbiter on a Japanese rocket.[1]

In November, China launched Chang'e 5, the first sample-return mission to the Moon since Luna 24 in 1976. Chang'e 5 used the recently developed Long March 5 heavy-lift rocket. The mission performed the first-ever robotic lunar orbit rendezvous[3] and returned 1.7 kg (3.7 lb) of lunar soil and rock samples on 16 December.[4]

NASA's OSIRIS-REx mission landed on asteroid 101955 Bennu in October to obtain a surface sample for return to Earth. JAXA's Hayabusa2 mission returned samples of 162173 Ryugu to Earth on 5 December 2020, with its re-entry vehicle recovered in Woomera, Australia.[5]

Heliophysics

One solar mission was launched: ESA's Solar Orbiter, on 10 February 2020, intended to study the Sun's heliosphere.[6] Parker Solar Probe, launched in 2018, decreased its minimal distance to the Sun further to 14.2 million km.[7]

Earth sciences satellites

ESA's Sentinel-6 ocean topography measuring satellite was launched on 21 November.

The launch of the TARANIS satellite, planned to study transient events in the Earths atmosphere, failed on 17 November.

Human spaceflight

In the United States, SpaceX's Dragon 2 spacecraft made its first crewed flight to the International Space Station on 31 May 2020 as part of the Commercial Crew Program,[8] enabling American human orbital spaceflight capability for the first time since the Space Shuttle's retirement in 2011. Dragon 2 became the first commercial system to fly humans to Earth orbit. The second crewed Dragon mission and its first operational mission, Crew-1, launched on 15 November 2020.[9]

China conducted an uncrewed flight test of a next generation crewed spacecraft in May 2020,[10] and continues preparations for the 2021 launch of the Tianhe Core Cabin Module of the Chinese Space Station.[11]

NASA astronaut Christina Koch set a women's record-breaking 328 days spaceflight ending on 6 February 2020. Francisco Rubio holds the all-time American record with 370 days; Cosmonaut Valeri Polyakov, still holding the record, had the all-time spaceflight length record of 437 days but died in 2022. Koch also participated in the first all-female spacewalk with Jessica Meir on 18 October 2019.[12]

Rocket innovation

SpaceX made three atmospheric test flights with prototypes of its fully reusable two-stage-to-orbit vehicle Starship.[13][14]

The trend towards cost reduction in access continued and several rockets made their maiden flights in 2020. Despite the increasing competition the cost of delivering cargo to the ISS went up.[15]

Satellite innovation

SpaceX started operation of its Starlink constellation in late 2020.[16] As of 2 December 2020, 955 satellites have been launched and Starlink is in a public beta testing phase. OneWeb planned to start service in 2020 as well,[17] but filed for bankruptcy in March 2020 after 74 satellites were launched.[18] OneWeb emerged from bankruptcy and plans to restart launches in December 2020.[19]

The Mission Extension Vehicle MEV-1 became the first telerobotically-operated spacecraft to service another satellite on-orbit when it completed the first phase of a 5-year mission to extend the life of the Intelsat 901 (I-901) satellite. In February 2020, MEV-1 captured the communications satellite, which had been moved to graveyard orbit some months before. In April 2020, MEV-1 successfully brought Intelsat-901 it back to position in geosynchronous orbit where it is now expected to operate for another five years. This was a space industry first as satellite servicing had previously been accomplished only with on-orbit human assistance, during the missions to service the Hubble Space Telescope in the early 2000s.[20]

Orbital launches

Date and time (UTC) Rocket Flight number Launch site LSP
Payload
(⚀ = CubeSat) 		Operator Orbit Function Decay (UTC) Outcome
Remarks

January

7 January
02:19:21[21][22] 		United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Starlink V1.0-L2[23] United States Cape Canaveral SLC-40 United States SpaceX
United States Starlink × 60 SpaceX Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
7 January
15:20:14[24][25] 		China Long March 3B/E 3B-Y62[26] China Xichang LC-2 China CASC
China TJSW-5 Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Geosynchronous Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
15 January
02:53[27] 		China Long March 2D 2D-Y58 China Taiyuan LC-9 China CASC
China Jilin-1 Kuanfu-01 Chang Guang Satellite Technology Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
Argentina ÑuSat 7 (Sophie) Satellogic Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
Argentina ÑuSat 8 (Marie) Satellogic Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 3 October 2023[28] Successful
China Tianqi-5[29] Guodian Gaoke Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
16 January
03:02[30] 		China Kuaizhou 1A Y9[31] China Jiuquan LS-95A China ExPace
China Yinhe-1 / GS-SparkSat-03 / Galaxy-1[32] Galaxy Space Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
16 January
21:05[33] 		Europe Ariane 5 ECA VA251 France Kourou ELA-3 France Arianespace
France Eutelsat Konnect[34] Eutelsat Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
India GSAT-30 ISRO Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
GSAT-30 will replace INSAT-4A.
29 January
14:06:49 [35][36] 		United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Starlink V1.0-L3 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-40 United States SpaceX
United States Starlink × 60 SpaceX Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
31 January
02:56[37] 		United States Electron "Birds of a Feather" New Zealand Mahia LC-1A United States Rocket Lab
United States USA-294 NRO Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
NROL-151 Mission. First launch contracted via the NRO's Rapid Acquisition of a Small Rocket (RASR) program.

February

6 February
21:42:41[38][39] 		Russia Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat ST27[40] Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 31/6 France Arianespace / Russia Starsem
United Kingdom OneWeb × 34 OneWeb Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
Second OneWeb mission. Baikonur flight 1.
9 February
01:34[41] 		Japan H-IIA 202 F41[42] Japan Tanegashima LA-Y1 Japan MHI
Japan IGS-Optical 7 CSICE Low Earth (SSO) Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
9 February
15:45[43] 		Iran Simorgh Iran Semnan LP-2 Iran ISA
Iran Zafar 1[44] IUST Low Earth Earth observation 9 February Launch failure
Satellite failed to reach orbit.
10 February
04:03[45] 		United States Atlas V 411 AV-087[46] United States Cape Canaveral SLC-41 United States ULA
Europe Solar Orbiter ESA Heliocentric Heliophysics In orbit Operational
15 February
20:21:04[51] 		United States Antares 230+ United States MARS LP-0A United States Northrop Grumman
United States Cygnus NG-13
S.S. Robert H. Lawrence 		NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics 29 May Successful
United States Red-Eye 2 (Merlot) DARPA Low Earth Technology demonstration 16 November 2022[52] Successful
United States Red-Eye 3 (Cabernet) DARPA Low Earth Technology demonstration 16 November 2022[53] Successful
⚀ United States DeMi MIT Low Earth Technology demonstration 8 March 2022[54] Successful
⚀ United States TechEdSat-10 (TES-10)[55] NASA Low Earth Technology demonstration 15 March 2021 Successful
Red-Eye 2, Red-Eye 3, DeMi, and the ELaNa 30 satellite TES-10 were carried within the Cygnus spacecraft and will be released into orbit at a later date.[47] Red-Eye 2 was deployed into orbit from ISS on 17 June 2020.[48] Red-Eye 3 was deployed into orbit on 23 June 2020.[49] DeMi and TechEdSat-10 were deployed on 13 July.[50]
17 February
15:05:55[56] 		United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Starlink V1.0-L4 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-40 United States SpaceX
United States Starlink × 60 SpaceX Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
18 February
22:18[57] 		Europe Ariane 5 ECA VA252[58] France Kourou ELA-3 France Arianespace
Japan JCSAT-17[59] JSAT Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
South Korea GEO-KOMPSAT-2B[60][61] KARI Geosynchronous Ocean monitoring In orbit Operational
19 February
21:07[62][63] 		China Long March 2D 2D-Y61[64] China Xichang LC-3 China CASC
China XJS-C SAST Low Earth Technology demonstration 13 July 2023[65] Successful
China XJS-D SAST Low Earth Technology demonstration 4 June 2024[66] Successful
China XJS-E HIT Low Earth Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
China XJS-F CAST Low Earth Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
First Long March 2D launch from Xichang.
20 February
08:24:54[67][68] 		Russia Soyuz-2.1a / Fregat-M Russia Plesetsk Site 43/3 Russia RVSN RF
Russia Meridian-M 9 (19L)[69] Ministry of Defence Molniya Communications In orbit Operational

March

7 March
04:50:31[74] 		United States Falcon 9 Block 5 F9-082 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-40 United States SpaceX
United States SpaceX CRS-20 NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics 7 April
18:50		 Successful[75]
⚀ Japan G-SATELLITE TOCOG / University of Tokyo Low Earth Space advertising 18 April 2022[76] Successful
⚀ Guatemala Quetzal-1 (Guatesat-1)[77] UVG Low Earth Technology demonstration 1 March 2022[78] Successful
⚀ United States Lynk-04 (Lynk the World)[79][80] Lynk Global Low Earth Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
Final flight of Dragon 1. G-SATELLITE (Gundam Satellite) carries two miniature Gundam figurines (gunpla) to promote the Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympics. Quetzal-1 is Guatemala's first satellite.[70] G-SATELLITE and Quetzal-1 were deployed into orbit from the ISS on 28 April 2020.[71][72] Lynk the World, Lynk's fourth satellite, was launched to the ISS on this flight and deployed into space by the Cygnus NG-13 spacecraft on 13 May.[73]
9 March
11:55[81] 		China Long March 3B/E 3B-Y69[26] China Xichang LC-2 China CASC
China BeiDou-3 G2Q[82] CNSA Geosynchronous Navigation In orbit Operational
16 March
13:34[83][84] 		China Long March 7A Y1 China Wenchang LC-2 China CASC
China Xinjishu Yanzheng-6 (XJY-6) TBA Geosynchronous Technology demonstration 16 March Launch failure
First flight of Long March 7A. Failed to reach orbit.
16 March
18:28:10[85] 		Russia Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat-M Russia Plesetsk Site 43/4 Russia RVSN RF
Russia GLONASS-M 760 (Kosmos 2545) VKS Medium Earth Navigation In orbit Operational
18 March
12:16:39[86] 		United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Starlink V1.0-L5 United States Kennedy LC-39A United States SpaceX
United States Starlink × 60 SpaceX Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
Fifth flight of booster B1048; recovery was not successful.
21 March
17:06:58[87] 		Russia Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat ST28[88] Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 31/6 France Arianespace / Russia Starsem
United Kingdom OneWeb × 34 OneWeb Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
Baikonur flight 2.
24 March
03:43[89] 		China Long March 2C 2C-Y42[90] China Xichang LC-3 China CASC
China Yaogan 30-06 01 CAS Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
China Yaogan 30-06 02 CAS Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
China Yaogan 30-06 03 CAS Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
26 March
20:18[92] 		United States Atlas V 551 AV-086[46] United States Cape Canaveral SLC-41 United States ULA
United States AEHF-6 (USA-298)[93] U.S. Space Force Geosynchronous Military communications In orbit Operational
⚀ United States TDO-2[94] U.S. Space Force Highly elliptical Laser ranging 28 September 2022[95] Successful
The TDO-2 Cubesat was also known as OrCa (Orbital Calibration) by the team which designed it at Georgia Tech.[91]

April

9 April
08:05:06[96] 		Russia Soyuz-2.1a Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 31/6 Russia Roscosmos
Russia Soyuz MS-16 Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) Expedition 62/63 22 October
02:31		 Successful
First crewed flight of Soyuz-2.1a.
9 April
11:46[98] 		China Long March 3B/E 3B-Y71[26] China Xichang LC-2 China CASC
Indonesia Nusantara Dua (Palapa-N1) PSN / Indosat Geosynchronous Communications 9 April Launch failure
Intended to replace Palapa-D. Failed to reach orbit.[97]
22 April
03:59[99] 		Iran Qased Iran Shahroud Space Center Iran IRGC
⚀ Iran Noor 1[100] IRGC Low Earth Reconnaissance 13 April 2022[101] Successful
Maiden flight of the Qased launch vehicle.
22 April
19:30:30[102] 		United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Starlink V1.0-L6 United States Kennedy LC-39A United States SpaceX
United States Starlink × 60 SpaceX Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
25 April
01:51:41[103] 		Russia Soyuz-2.1a Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 31/6 Russia Roscosmos
Russia Progress MS-14 / 75P Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics 29 April 2021
00:42:27[104]		 Successful

May

5 May
10:00[10] 		China Long March 5B Y1[108] China Wenchang LC-1 China CASC
China Chinese next-generation crewed spacecraft CMSA Highly elliptical Flight test 8 May
05:49		 Successful
China Flexible Inflatable Cargo Return Module[109] CASIC Low Earth Technology demonstration 6 May Spacecraft failure
First flight of Long March 5B, testing a new crewed spacecraft.[11] The capsule successfully returned to Earth on 8 May, following on-orbit testing.[105][106] An experimental secondary payload, meant to test inflatable heat shield reentry technologies, malfunctioned during its return to Earth on 6 May.[107]
12 May
01:16[110] 		China Kuaizhou 1A Y6[111] China Jiuquan LS-95A China ExPace
China Xingyun-2 01 Xingyun Satellite Co. Low Earth (SSO) IoT In orbit Operational
China Xingyun-2 02 Xingyun Satellite Co. Low Earth (SSO) IoT In orbit Operational
Xingyun-2 01/02 are the first two small satellites launched for the Xingyun narrow-band Internet of Things constellation to perform data relay and tracking services. The constellation will eventually consist of 80 such satellites.[110]
17 May
13:14:00[112][113] 		United States Atlas V 501 AV-081[46] United States Cape Canaveral SLC-41 United States ULA
United States X-37B OTV-6 U.S. Space Force Low Earth Technology demonstration 12 November 2022
10:22[114]		 Successful
United States FalconSAT-8 U.S. Air Force Academy Low Earth Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
USSF-7 mission.
20 May
17:31:00[115] 		Japan H-IIB F9 Japan Tanegashima LA-Y2 Japan MHI
Japan HTV-9 JAXA Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics 20 August
07:07		 Successful
Final HTV cargo launch, and final flight of the H-IIB rocket. The HTV-X and H3 rocket will replace them, respectively.
22 May
07:31:17[116][117] 		Russia Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat Russia Plesetsk Site 43/4 Russia RVSN RF
Russia EKS-4 (Tundra 14L)[118] VKS Molniya Early warning In orbit Operational
25 May
19:50[119] 		United States LauncherOne F1 United States Cosmic Girl, Mojave United States Virgin Orbit
United States Dummy payload Virgin Orbit Low Earth Flight test 25 May Launch failure
United States Starshine 4[121] NASA Low Earth Education 25 May Launch failure
First orbital flight of LauncherOne. Mission was terminated shortly after first stage ignition.[119][120]
29 May
20:13[122][123] 		China Long March 11 China Xichang LC-4[124] China CASC
China XJS-G CAS Low Earth Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
China XJS-H NUDT Low Earth Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
30 May
19:22:45[127][128] 		United States Falcon 9 Block 5 F9-085 United States Kennedy LC-39A United States SpaceX
United States SpX-DM2 Endeavour SpaceX / NASA Low Earth (ISS) Expedition 63 / Crewed flight test 2 August
18:48		 Successful
Crew Dragon Demo 2: Crewed flight test of SpaceX Dragon 2 as part of the Commercial Crew Development program. Mission successfully concluded on 2 August after two months in space.[125] First crewed orbital spaceflight with a private spacecraft.[126]
31 May
08:53[129][130] 		China Long March 2D 2D-Y51 China Jiuquan SLS-2 China CASC
China Gaofen-9 02[131] CNSA Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
China HEAD-4[132] HEAD Aerospace Low Earth (SSO) AIS ship tracking In orbit Operational

June

4 June
01:25:33[21][133] 		United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Starlink V1.0-L7 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-40 United States SpaceX
United States Starlink × 60 SpaceX Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
Fifth flight of booster B1049; recovery was successful (first booster to be recovered after 5th flight).
10 June
18:31:24[134][135] 		China Long March 2C 2C-Yxx[64] China Taiyuan LC-9 China CASC
China HaiYang 1D Ministry of Natural Resources Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
13 June
05:12:12[141] 		United States Electron "Don't Stop Me Now"[142] New Zealand Mahia LC-1A United States Rocket Lab
United States Photon (Pathfinder)[143] Rocket Lab Low Earth Flight test In orbit Operational
⚀ United States ANDESITE Mule + Node × 8[139] Boston University Low Earth Auroral science
Technology demonstration		 In orbit Operational
⚀ United States USA-301[144] NRO Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
⚀ United States USA-302[144] NRO Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
⚀ United States USA-303[144] NRO Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
⚀ Australia M2 Pathfinder UNSW Canberra, RAAF Low Earth Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
Launch of the ELaNa 32 mission,[136] plus additional payloads.[137] ANDESITE will conduct magnetospheric research using an experimental fractionated formation of eight picosatellites, to be deployed after reaching orbit.[138][139] Three NRO payloads were deployed as part of RASR-2.[140]
13 June
09:21:18[145] 		United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Starlink V1.0-L8 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-40 United States SpaceX
United States Starlink × 58 SpaceX Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
United States SkySat 16–18[146] Planet Labs Low Earth Earth observation In orbit Operational
First SmallSat Rideshare mission launch.
17 June
07:19[147][148] 		China Long March 2D 2D-Y52 China Jiuquan SLS-2 China CASC
China Gaofen-9 03[131] CNSA Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
China HEAD-5 HEAD Aerospace Low Earth (SSO) AIS ship tracking In orbit Operational
China Pixing-3A Zhejiang University Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
23 June
01:43[150][151] 		China Long March 3B/E 3B-Y68 China Xichang LC-2 China CASC
China BeiDou-3 G3Q[82] CNSA Geosynchronous Navigation In orbit Operational
Last satellite of the BeiDou-3 constellation to be launched, completing the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System.[149]
30 June
20:10:46[153][154] 		United States Falcon 9 Block 5 F9-088 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-40 United States SpaceX
United States GPS IIIA-03 Matthew Henson U.S. Space Force Medium Earth Navigation In orbit Operational
Named after African-American polar explorer Matthew Henson. Originally named Columbus.[152]

July

3 July
03:10[155][156] 		China Long March 4B 4B-Y43 China Taiyuan LC-9 China CASC
China Gaofen DUOMO (Multi-Mode) CAST Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
China Xibaipo (BY70-2) Luquan No.1 Middle School Low Earth (SSO) Popular science In orbit Operational
4 July
21:19:36[158] 		United States Electron "Pics Or It Didn't Happen" New Zealand Mahia LC-1A United States Rocket Lab
Japan CE-SAT-IB Canon Inc. Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 4 July Launch failure
⚀ United States Flock-4e × 5 Planet Labs Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 4 July Launch failure
⚀ United Kingdom Faraday-1 In-Space Missions Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration 4 July Launch failure
Failed during second stage flight.[157]
4 July
23:44[159] 		China Long March 2D 2D-Y29[64] China Jiuquan SLS-2 China CASC
China Shiyan 6-02 CAST Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
6 July
01:00[160][161] 		Israel Shavit-2 Israel Palmachim Airbase Israel IAI
Israel Ofek-16 Israel Ministry of Defence Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
9 July
12:11:04[162][163] 		China Long March 3B/E 3B-Y64 China Xichang LC-3 China CASC
China APStar 6D APT Satellite Co. Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
10 July
04:17[165][166] 		China Kuaizhou 11 China Jiuquan LS-95A China ExPace
China Bilibili Video Satellite (Jilin-1 Gaofen-02E)[167] Chang Guang Satellite Technology Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 10 July Launch failure
China CentiSpace-1 S2 (Xiangrikui 2) Beijing Future Navigation Technology Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration 10 July Launch failure
First flight of Kuaizhou 11.[164] The rocket failed to reach space.
15 July
13:46[169] 		United States Minotaur IV / Orion 38 United States MARS LP-0B United States Northrop Grumman
United States USA-305 NRO Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
United States USA-306 NRO Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
United States USA-307 NRO Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
United States USA-308 NRO Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
NROL-129 mission.[168]
19 July
21:58:14[170][171] 		Japan H-IIA 202[172] F42 Japan Tanegashima LA-Y1 Japan MHI
United Arab Emirates Hope (Al-Amal) Mohammed bin Rashid Space Centre TMI to Areocentric Mars orbiter In orbit Operational
Emirates Mars Mission; first Emirati space probe.
20 July
21:30[173] 		United States Falcon 9 Block 5 F9-089 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-40 United States SpaceX
South Korea ANASIS-II[174] Republic of Korea Army Geosynchronous Military communications In orbit Operational
South Korea's first dedicated military communications satellite.
23 July
04:41[175] 		China Long March 5 Y4[108] China Wenchang LC-1 China CASC
China Tianwen-1 CNSA TMI to Areocentric Mars orbiter and rover In orbit Operational
China Tianwen-1 Deployable Camera CNSA TMI (Martian flyby) Photography In orbit Successful
China Drop Camera[176] CNSA TMI to Areocentric Mars lander / Photography In orbit Successful
China's first independent Mars mission.
23 July
14:26:21[179] 		Russia Soyuz-2.1a Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 31/6 Russia Roscosmos
Russia Progress MS-15 / 76P Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics 9 February 2021
09:13[180]		 Successful
It was initially planned for this Progress vehicle to deorbit the Pirs module to make way for the arrival of Nauka in early 2021. This was later delayed to a subsequent mission.[177][178] 100th Soyuz-2 launch.
25 July
03:13[181][182] 		China Long March 4B 4B-Y45 China Taiyuan LC-9 China CASC
China Ziyuan III-03 Ministry of Natural Resources Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
China Tianqi-10 Guodian Gaoke Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
China Lobster Eye X-ray Explorer (NJU-HKU №1)[183][184] NJU / HKU Low Earth (SSO) X-ray astronomy In orbit Operational
30 July
11:50[186] 		United States Atlas V 541 AV-088 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-41 United States ULA
United States Perseverance NASA / JPL TMI to Martian surface Mars rover 18 February 2021
20:43:42[187]		 Landed on Mars; Operational
United States Ingenuity NASA / JPL TMI to Martian surface Mars aircraft Landed on Mars
Mars 2020 mission.[185]
30 July
21:25:19[188] 		Russia Proton-M / Briz-M P4 Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 200/39 Russia Roscosmos
Russia Ekspress-80 RSCC Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
Russia Ekspress-103 RSCC Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational

August

6 August
04:01:54[189][190] 		China Long March 2D 2D-Y56 China Jiuquan SLS-2 China CASC
China Gaofen 9-04 CNSA Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
China Q-SAT[191] Tsinghua University Low Earth (SSO) Gravitational research
Atmospheric science		 In orbit Operational
7 August
05:12:05[194] 		United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Starlink V1.0-L9 United States Kennedy LC-39A United States SpaceX
United States Starlink × 57 SpaceX Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
United States BlackSky 5 (Global-7) BlackSky Global Low Earth Earth observation 23 October 2023[195] Successful
United States BlackSky 6 (Global-8) BlackSky Global Low Earth Earth observation In orbit Operational
Starlink SmallSat Rideshare mission to deploy BlackSky Global 7 and 8;[192] first Starlink rideshare contracted with Spaceflight Industries, dubbed "SXRS-1".[193]
15 August
22:04[197] 		Europe Ariane 5 ECA VA253 France Kourou ELA-3 France Arianespace
Japan BSAT-4b BSAT Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
United States Galaxy 30 Intelsat Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
United States MEV-2 Northrop Grumman Geosynchronous Satellite servicing In orbit Operational
MEV-2 successfully docked with Intelsat 10-02 on 12 April 2021.[196]
18 August
14:31:16[198] 		United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Starlink V1.0-L10 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-40 United States SpaceX
United States Starlink × 58 SpaceX Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
United States SkySat 19–21[199] Planet Labs Low Earth Earth observation 18, 20: In orbit
19: 26 June 2023[200]		 Operational
Starlink SmallSat Rideshare mission to deploy SkySat 19–21.
23 August
02:27:04[201][202] 		China Long March 2D 2D-Y57 China Jiuquan SLS-2 China CASC
China Gaofen 9-05 CNSA Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
China Tiantuo-5 NUDT Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
China Duo Gongneng Shiyan Weixing AMS Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
30 August
23:18:56[203] 		United States Falcon 9 Block 5 F9-092 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-40 United States SpaceX
Argentina SAOCOM 1B CONAE Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
⚀ United States EG-2 (Tyvak-0172)[204][205] EchoStar Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Spacecraft failure
⚀ United States GNOMES-1[206] PlanetIQ Low Earth (SSO) Radio occultation In orbit Operational
First polar orbit mission from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station since ESSA-9 in 1969. SmallSat Rideshare mission to deploy Tyvak-0172 and GNOMES-1.
31 August
03:05:47[207] 		United States Electron "I Can't Believe It's Not Optical" New Zealand Mahia LC-1A United States Rocket Lab
United States Capella-2 (Sequoia) Capella Space Low Earth Earth observation 28 February 2023[208] Successful
United States Photon (First Light) Rocket Lab Low Earth Flight test In orbit Operational[209]
Return-to-flight mission for Electron. Second launch of the Photon satellite bus.

September

3 September
01:51:10[217][218] 		Europe Vega VV16 France Kourou ELV France Arianespace
Italy ION SCV-001 Lucas[210] D-Orbit Low Earth (SSO) CubeSat deployer In orbit Operational[219]
United States Athena Facebook[220] Low Earth (SSO) Communications In orbit Operational
Canada ESAIL[210] exactEarth Low Earth (SSO) AIS ship tracking In orbit Operational
Canada GHGSat-C1 (Iris)[221][211] GHGSat Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
Canada Slovenia NEMO-HD[210][211] UTIAS / Space-SI Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
Argentina ÑuSat 6 (Hypatia)[222] Satellogic Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
Spain UPM-Sat 2[210] UPM Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration
Education		 In orbit Operational
⚀ France Russia AMICal SAT[210] CSUG / MSU Low Earth (SSO) Auroral science In orbit Operational
⚀ Israel Switzerland Italy DIDO-3[211] SpacePharma / ISA / ASI Low Earth (SSO) Microgravity research In orbit Operational
⚀ United States Flock-4v × 26[223] Planet Labs Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
⚀ Spain FSSCAT A and B[211][224] UPC Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
⚀ United States Lemur-2 × 8[210] Spire Global Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational (6/8)
⚀ Monaco OSM-1 Cicero[215][225] OSM Low Earth (SSO) Radio occultation In orbit Operational
⚀ Thailand NAPA-1 (RTAFSAT-1)[211][226] RTAF Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
⚀ Belgium PICASSO[211] BIRA-IASB Low Earth (SSO) Atmospheric research In orbit Operational
⚀ Belgium SIMBA[211] RMI Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
⚀ United States SpaceBEE × 12[210] Swarm Technologies Low Earth (SSO) Communications In orbit Operational
⚀ Canada TARS[210] Kepler Communications Low Earth (SSO) Communications In orbit Operational
⚀ Slovenia TRISAT[211] University of Maribor Low Earth (SSO) Education In orbit Operational
⚀ Estonia TTÜ100[211] TalTech Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
⚀ United States EG-1 (Tyvak-0171)[210][204][205] EchoStar Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Partial spacecraft failure; Operational
Small Satellites Mission Service Proof of Concept (SSMS PoC) mission.[210][211] Return to flight for Vega after the July 2019 launch failure. 53 satellites were deployed by the SSMS dispenser, including 14 Flock CubeSats carried on SSMS QuadPack deployers, while 12 additional Flock CubeSats were deployed separately by the ION SCV LUCAS satellite.[212][210][213] NEMO-HD and TRISAT are Slovenia's first satellites,[214] and OSM-1 Cicero is Monaco's first satellite.[215] Two of the Lemur-2 CubeSats failed to deploy, leading them to de-orbit along with the fourth stage of the Vega booster.[216]
3 September
12:46:14[227] 		United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Starlink V1.0-L11 United States Kennedy LC-39A United States SpaceX
United States Starlink × 60 SpaceX Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
4 September
07:30[228][229] 		China Long March 2F/T 2F-T3[64] China Jiuquan SLS-1 China CASC
China Reusable Experimental Spacecraft CASC Low Earth Flight test 6 September
02:00[230]		 Successful
China Unidentified satellite[231] CASC Low Earth Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
Chinese experimental reusable spaceplane.
7 September
05:57[232][233] 		China Long March 4B 4B-Y46 China Taiyuan LC-9 China CASC
China Gaofen 11-02 CNSA Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
12 September
03:19[236][237] 		United States Rocket 3 Rocket 3.1 United States Kodiak LP-3B United States Astra
United States Astra Test Payload Astra Low Earth Flight test 12 September Launch failure
First flight of Rocket 3. Failed during first stage flight. Originally intended to be the second of two launches for the DARPA Launch Challenge, Rocket 3.1's launch was Astra's first orbital launch attempt following the loss of Rocket 3.0 during a prelaunch test in March 2020.[234][235]
12 September
05:02[238][239] 		China Kuaizhou 1A Y3[111] China Jiuquan LS-95A China ExPace
China Jilin-1 Gaofen-02C Chang Guang Satellite Technology Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 12 September Launch failure
15 September
01:23[240] 		China Long March 11H Y2 China De Bo 3 Launch Platform, Yellow Sea China CASC
China Jilin-1 Gaofen-03B × 6 Chang Guang Satellite Technology Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
China Jilin-1 Gaofen-03C × 3 Chang Guang Satellite Technology Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
Second Long March 11 sea launch.
21 September
05:40[241][242] 		China Long March 4B 4B-Y41 China Jiuquan SLS-2 China CASC
China HaiYang 2C Ministry of Natural Resources Low Earth Earth observation In orbit Operational
27 September
03:23[243] 		China Long March 4B 4B-Y42 China Taiyuan LC-9 China CASC
China Huanjing 2A CNSA Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
China Huanjing 2B CNSA Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
28 September
11:20[244] 		Russia Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat Russia Plesetsk Site 43/4 Russia Roscosmos
Russia Gonets-M 17[245] Gonets Satellite System Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
Russia Gonets-M 18[245] Gonets Satellite System Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
Russia Gonets-M 19[245] Gonets Satellite System Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
Finland ICEYE X6[246] ICEYE Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
Finland ICEYE X7[246] ICEYE Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
Germany SALSAT[246][247] TU Berlin Low Earth (SSO) Spectrum analysis In orbit Operational
⚀ Canada Kepler × 2[248] Kepler Low Earth (SSO) Communications In orbit Operational
⚀ Lithuania LacunaSat-3[246][249] NanoAvionics / Lacuna Space Low Earth (SSO) IoT In orbit Operational
⚀ United States Lemur-2 × 4[246] Spire Global Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
⚀ United Arab Emirates MeznSat[246][250] Khalifa University / AURAK Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
⚀ Germany NetSat × 4[246][251] ZFT Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
⚀ Russia Descartes[252] MSU Low Earth (SSO) Space weather In orbit Operational
⚀ Russia Norby[252] NSU Low Earth (SSO) Space weather In orbit Operational
⚀ Russia Yarilo × 2[246][253] BMSTU / Lebedev Physical Institute Low Earth (SSO) Heliophysics In orbit Operational

October

3 October
01:16:14[255] 		United States Antares 230+ United States MARS LP-0A United States Northrop Grumman
United States Cygnus NG-14
S.S. Kalpana Chawla[256] 		NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics 26 January 2021
20:23		 Successful[257]
⚀ United States Bobcat-1 Ohio University Low Earth Technology demonstration 9 April 2022[258] Successful
⚀ Canada DESCENT York University Low Earth Technology demonstration 19 June 2022[259] Successful
⚀ United States Lemur-2 Baxter-Oliver Spire Global Low Earth Earth observation 20 December 2021[260] Successful
⚀ United States Australia Lemur-2 Djara[261] Spire Global / ONI Low Earth Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
⚀ United States NEUTRON-1 University of Hawaii Low Earth Technology demonstration 25 June 2022[262] Successful
⚀ Israel SATLLA-1[263] Ariel University Low Earth Education In orbit Operational
⚀ United States SPOC University of Georgia Low Earth Technology demonstration 25 June 2022[264] Successful
The ELaNa 31 mission launched on this resupply flight.[136] All CubeSats launched on this mission were successfully deployed on 5 November 2020.[254]
6 October
11:29:34[265] 		United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Starlink V1.0-L12 United States Kennedy LC-39A United States SpaceX
United States Starlink × 60 SpaceX Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
11 October
16:57[266][267] 		China Long March 3B/E 3B-Y63[268] China Xichang LC-2 China CASC
China Gaofen-13 SASTIND Geosynchronous Earth observation In orbit Operational
14 October
05:45:04[21][269] 		Russia Soyuz-2.1a Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 31 Russia Roscosmos
Russia Soyuz MS-17 Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) Expedition 63/64 17 April 2021
04:55[270]		 Successful
18 October
12:25:57[271] 		United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Starlink V1.0-L13 United States Kennedy LC-39A United States SpaceX
United States Starlink × 60 SpaceX Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
24 October
15:31:34[272] 		United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Starlink V1.0-L14 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-40 United States SpaceX
United States Starlink × 60 SpaceX Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
25 October
19:08:42[274][275] 		Russia Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat Russia Plesetsk Site 43/3 Russia RVSN RF
Russia GLONASS-K 15 (K1 №3)[276] VKS Medium Earth Navigation In orbit Operational
Also known as GLONASS-K 705. Replaced Kosmos 2516 (GLONASS-M 753) following its failure in November 2020.[273]
26 October
15:19[277] 		China Long March 2C 2C-Y43 China Xichang LC-3 China CASC
China Yaogan 30-07 01 CAS Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
China Yaogan 30-07 02 CAS Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
China Yaogan 30-07 03 CAS Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
China Tianqi-6 Guodian Gaoke Low Earth IoT In orbit Operational
28 October
21:21:27[278][279] 		United States Electron "In Focus" New Zealand Mahia LC-1A United States Rocket Lab
Japan CE-SAT-IIB Canon Inc. Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
⚀ United States Flock-4e' × 9 Planet Labs Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational

November

5 November
23:24:23[280] 		United States Falcon 9 Block 5 F9-097 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-40 United States SpaceX
United States GPS IIIA-04 Sacagawea (USA-309) U.S. Space Force Medium Earth Navigation In orbit Operational
Named after the Shoshone woman Sacagawea, who helped guide the Lewis and Clark Expedition.[152]
6 November
03:19[281][282] 		China Long March 6 Y3 China Taiyuan LC-16 China CASC
Argentina ÑuSat × 10 Satellogic Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
China Taiyuan (BY-03)[283] Jinshan Middle School / Origin Space Low Earth (SSO) Education / Ultraviolet astronomy In orbit Operational
China Tianyan 05 (UESTC)[283] ADASpace / MinoSpace Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
⚀ China Beihangkongshi-1[284] Spacety Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
ÑuSat 9–18.[222] Beihangkongshi-1 carries the first iodine electric space propulsion system to be tested in space.
7 November
07:12[285][286] 		China Ceres-1 China Jiuquan LS-95A China Galactic Energy
China Tianqi-11 (Scorpio-1) Guodian Gaoke Low Earth (SSO) IoT In orbit Operational
Maiden flight of Ceres-1. Mission designated "I Believe I Can Fly".
7 November
09:41[287][288] 		India PSLV-DL C49 India Satish Dhawan FLP India ISRO
India EOS-01 (RISAT-2BR2)[289] ISRO Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
⚀ Luxembourg KSM × 4[290] Kleos Space Low Earth Navigation In orbit Operational
⚀ United States Lemur-2 × 4 Spire Global Low Earth Earth observation In orbit Operational
⚀ Lithuania R2 (LacunaSat-2)[291] NanoAvionics Low Earth Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
12 November
15:59:04[292][293] 		China Long March 3B/E 3B-Y73 China Xichang LC-2 China CASC
China Tiantong-1 02 China Satcom Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
13 November
22:32[294] 		United States Atlas V 531 AV-090[46] United States Cape Canaveral SLC-41 United States ULA
United States NROL-101 (USA-310) NRO Molniya Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
The first GEM 63 solid rocket motors flew on this mission. May be an SDS satellite.
16 November
00:27:17[296] 		United States Falcon 9 Block 5 F9-098 United States Kennedy LC-39A United States SpaceX
United States SpaceX Crew-1 Resilience SpaceX / NASA Low Earth (ISS) Expedition 64/65 2 May 2021
06:56		 Successful
Carrying four astronauts. Second crewed and first operational Crew Dragon mission, as part of the Commercial Crew Program.[295]
17 November
01:52:20[298] 		Europe Vega VV17[299] France Kourou ELV France Arianespace
Spain SEOSat-Ingenio ESA / CDTI / INTA Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 17 November Launch failure
France TARANIS CNES Low Earth (SSO) TLE observation 17 November Launch failure
Mission failure due to human error. Cables leading to thrust vector control actuators were inverted during engine assembly, causing the AVUM upper stage to tumble upon ignition.[297]
20 November
02:20:01[304] 		United States Electron "Return to Sender" New Zealand Mahia LC-1A United States Rocket Lab
⚀ United States Alchemy (DragRacer A) TriSept Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration 19 July 2021 Successful
⚀ United States Augury (DragRacer B) TriSept Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
⚀ France BRO-2 UnseenLabs Low Earth (SSO) SIGINT In orbit Operational
⚀ France BRO-3 UnseenLabs Low Earth (SSO) SIGINT In orbit Operational
⚀ New Zealand APSS-1 (Waka Āmiorangi Aotearoa) University of Auckland Low Earth (SSO) Ionospheric research In orbit Spacecraft failure[305]
⚀ United States Landmapper-BC 5[306] Astro Digital Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
⚀ United States SpaceBEE × 18 Swarm Technologies Low Earth (SSO) Communications First: 22 October 2022
Last: 14 December 2022[307]		 Successful
⚀ New Zealand SpaceBEE NZ × 6 Swarm Technologies NZ Low Earth (SSO) Communications In orbit Operational
United States Gnome Chompski[308] Gabe Newell Low Earth Charity / Mass simulator In orbit Operational
The DragRacer mission tested Tethers Unlimited's Terminator Tape, an electrodynamic tether that can passively de-orbit satellites in order to reduce space debris.[300][301] Alchemy, the tethered satellite, was expected to take 45 days to de-orbit; Augury, the untethered satellite, was expected to take up to 9 years.[302] Alchemy re-entered the atmosphere on 19 July 2021, after 241 days in orbit.[303] First stage recovery using parachutes was successfully attempted on this flight, with the intact booster splashing down in the Pacific Ocean.
21 November
17:17:08[309] 		United States Falcon 9 Block 5 F9-099 United States Vandenberg SLC-4E United States SpaceX
United States Europe Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich (Sentinel-6A) NASA / NOAA / ESA / Eumetsat Low Earth Oceanography In orbit Operational
23 November
20:30:12[311] 		China Long March 5 Y5[108] China Wenchang LC-1 China CASC
China Chang'e 5 lander CNSA Selenocentric Lunar lander 1 December
15:11		 Successful
China Chang'e 5 ascender CNSA Selenocentric Space rendezvous 7 December
23:30		 Successful
China Chang'e 5 orbiter CNSA Initial: Selenocentric
Current: Sun–Earth L1 		Lunar orbiter In orbit Operational
China Chang'e 5 return capsule CNSA Selenocentric Lunar sample return 16 December
17:59		 Successful
China's first lunar sample return mission. Lunar landing was confirmed on 1 December. The reentry capsule landed on Earth on 16 December and safely delivered 1.731 kg (3.82 lb) of lunar soil and rock samples. The orbiter is currently on an extended mission to the Sun–Earth L1 point.[310]
25 November
02:13:12[312] 		United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Starlink V1.0-L15 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-40 United States SpaceX
United States Starlink × 60 SpaceX Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
First time that a Falcon 9 first-stage booster (B1049.7) has been launched and recovered for the seventh time.
29 November
07:25[313][314] 		Japan H-IIA 202 F43 Japan Tanegashima LA-Y1 Japan MHI
Japan JDRS-1 (LUCAS)[315] CAS / JAXA Geosynchronous Data relay In orbit Operational
Japanese Optical Data Relay Satellite.

December

2 December
01:33:28[316] 		Russia Soyuz ST-A / Fregat-M VS24 France Kourou ELS France Arianespace
United Arab Emirates FalconEye-2 UAE Armed Forces Low Earth (SSO) Reconnaissance (IMINT) In orbit Operational
3 December
01:14:36[317][318] 		Russia Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat Russia Plesetsk Site 43/3 Russia Roscosmos
Russia Gonets-M 20[245] Gonets Satellite System Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
Russia Gonets-M 21[245] Gonets Satellite System Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
Russia Gonets-M 22[245] Gonets Satellite System Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
⚀ Russia ERA-1 (Kosmos 2548)[319] Ministry of Defence Low Earth Military In orbit Operational
6 December
03:58[320][321] 		China Long March 3B/E 3B-Y70 China Xichang LC-3 China CASC
China Gaofen 14 SASTIND Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
First Long March 3B launch to Sun-synchronous orbit.
6 December
16:17:08[322] 		United States Falcon 9 Block 5 F9-101 United States Kennedy LC-39A United States SpaceX
United States SpaceX CRS-21 NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics 14 January 2021 Successful
United States Nanoracks Bishop Airlock Nanoracks / NASA Low Earth (ISS) Satellite deployment / ISS assembly In orbit Operational
First flight of the cargo version of Dragon 2. Nanoracks Bishop Airlock launched aboard this resupply flight.
The airlock is now docked to the ISS as of 12/22/20.
9 December
20:14[323][324] 		China Long March 11 Y9[124] China Xichang LC-4 China CASC
China GECAM A and B[325] CAS Low Earth Gravitational-wave astronomy In orbit Operational
11 December
01:09[326] 		United States Delta IV Heavy D-385 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-37B United States ULA
United States Orion 10 / USA-311[327] NRO Geosynchronous Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
NROL-44 mission. First launch from the newly renamed Cape Canaveral Space Force Station.
13 December
17:30[329] 		United States Falcon 9 Block 5 F9-102 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-40 United States SpaceX
United States SXM-7[330] Sirius XM Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Spacecraft failure
Replacement for the XM-3 satellite launched in 2005. While conducting in-orbit testing the satellite experienced payload unit failures. Exact cause has not been announced.[328]
14 December
05:50:00[331][332] 		Russia Angara A5 / Briz-M Russia Plesetsk Site 35/1 Russia RVSN RF
Russia IPM 2 (dummy payload)[333] VKS Geosynchronous Flight test In orbit Successful
Second orbital flight of Angara A5.
15 December
10:09:27[21][335] 		United States Electron "The Owl's Night Begins" New Zealand Mahia LC-1A United States Rocket Lab
Japan StriX-α Synspective Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
First of 16 dedicated launches for Synspective's StriX constellation, taking place from 2020 to 2027.[334]
15 December
20:55[337][338] 		United States Rocket 3 Rocket 3.2 United States Kodiak LP-3B United States Astra
No payload Astra Low Earth (SSO) Flight test 15 December Launch failure
Second of three Rocket 3 orbital launch attempts. Successfully achieved an apogee of 390 km (240 mi), but fell just short of orbital velocity due to a suboptimal second stage fuel mixture.[336]
17 December
10:11[340] 		India PSLV-XL C50[341] India Satish Dhawan SLP India ISRO
India CMS-01 (GSAT-12R) ISRO Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
Replacement for GSAT-12.[339]
18 December
12:26:26[343] 		Russia Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat ST29 Russia Vostochny Site 1S France Arianespace / Russia Starsem
United Kingdom OneWeb × 36 OneWeb Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
Vostochny flight 1. Third large batch of satellites, and the first after bankruptcy in early 2020.[342]
19 December
14:00[346] 		United States Falcon 9 Block 5 F9-103 United States Kennedy LC-39A United States SpaceX
United States USA-312 NRO Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
United States USA-313 NRO Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
NROL-108 mission, satellites being possibly SpaceX Starshield prototypes.[344][345]
22 December
04:37:37[347][348][349] 		China Long March 8 Y1 China Wenchang LC-2[350] China CASC
China Xinjishu Yanzheng-7 (XJY-7) CAST Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
China Hisea-1[351] Spacety Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
China Tianqi-8 (Ping'an-1) Guodian Gaoke Low Earth (SSO) IoT In orbit Operational
⚀ China Yuanguang Spacety / HBUT Low Earth (SSO) Space tribology In orbit Operational
⚀ Ethiopia China ET-SMART-RSS (Zhixing-1A)[352] ESSTI / SMART Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
First flight of Long March 8.
27 December
15:44[353] 		China Long March 4C 4C-Y35 China Jiuquan SLS-2 China CASC
China Yaogan 33(R) CAS Low Earth (SSO) Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
⚀ China Weina-2 SECM Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
Replacement for Yaogan 33, which was lost in a launch failure on 22 May 2019.
29 December
16:42:07[354][355] 		Russia Soyuz ST-A / Fregat-M VS25 France Kourou ELS France Arianespace
France CSO-2 CNES / DGA Low Earth (SSO) Reconnaissance In orbit Operational

Suborbital flights

Date and time (UTC) Rocket Flight number Launch site LSP
Payload
(⚀ = CubeSat) 		Operator Orbit Function Decay (UTC) Outcome
Remarks
9 January
08:00:00 		Japan S-310 45 Japan Uchinoura Japan JAXA
JAXA Suborbital Technology 9 January Successful
Apogee: 131 km[356]
19 January India K-4 India Visakhapatnam India Indian Navy
Indian Navy Suborbital Missile test 19 January Successful
Apogee: 500 km? The missile was from a submerged platform located in the coastal waters of Andhra Pradesh. This test was undertaken in full operational configuration during which the missile traversed a distance of over 3,500 km in approximately 21 minutes.[357]
19 January
15:30[362] 		United States Falcon 9 Block 5 United States Kennedy LC-39A United States SpaceX
United States SpaceX Dragon 2 SpaceX Suborbital Test flight 19 January Successful
Apogee: 40 km.[358] In-flight abort test at Max Q. It was planned that the capsule from the first demonstration mission SpX-DM1 would be used, but that capsule having been subsequently destroyed after the mission in a fire during a ground-test, a new capsule was assigned for this mission.[359][360][361]
24 January[363] India K-4 India Visakhapatnam India Indian Navy
Indian Navy Suborbital Missile test 24 January Successful
Apogee: 500 km?
27 January
13:40[364] 		Canada Black Brant IX United States Poker Flat Research Range United States NASA
United States PolarNOx 2 Virginia Tech Suborbital Thermosphere research 27 January Successful
Apogee: 260 kilometres (160 mi)
5 February
08:33[365] 		United States Minuteman-III United States Vandenberg Air Force Base LF-04 United States US Air Force
United States FTU-2 US Air Force Suborbital Test flight 5 February Successful
12 February[366] United States UGM-133 Trident II United States USS Maine (SSBN-741), Pacific Missile Range Facility United States US Navy
US Navy Suborbital Missile test 12 February Successful
Demonstration and Shakedown Operation (DASO) 30
16 February[367] United States UGM-133 Trident II United States USS Maine (SSBN-741), Pacific Missile Range Facility United States US Navy
US Navy Suborbital Missile test 16 February Successful
Demonstration and Shakedown Operation (DASO) 30
19 February[368]
23:14 		United States Improved Malemute Sweden Esrange Sweden SSC
SwedenGermanySPIDER-2[369] SNSA Suborbital Atmospheric analysis 19 February Successful
Apogee 120 km (74 mi)
20 March
08:30 		United States UGM-27 Polaris (STARS) United States Barking Sands LC-42 United States US Navy
United States C-HGB US Navy Suborbital Technology 20 March Successful
Common-Hypersonic Glide Body, successful hypersonic glide vehicle test.[370]
15 April
15:00 [371] 		Russia PL-19 "Nudol" Russia Plesetsk cosmodrome Russia
Suborbital Missile test 15 April Successful
Anti-satellite missile test
12 June[372] France M51 France Le Téméraire, Audierne Bay France DGA/Marine nationale
DGA/Marine nationale Suborbital Test flight 12 June Successful
Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)?
14 June[373] Japan Momo 5 Japan Taiki Aerospace Research Field Japan Interstellar Technologies
Japan Kochi University of Technology Suborbital ? 14 June Launch failure[373]
About 35 seconds into flight, sparks were observed near the engine nozzle. About thirty seconds later, the engine failed and the rocket tumbled out of control.
4 August
07:21[374] 		United States Minuteman-III United States Vandenberg Air Force Base LF-10 United States US Air Force
United States 3x Mk 12 RV US Air Force Suborbital Test flight 4 August Successful
Mission GT-235GM
12 August[375] Israel Silver Sparrow? Israel F-15 Eagle, Israel Israel IAF
Israeli Air Force Suborbital ABM target 12 August Successful
Apogee: ~100 kilometres (62 mi)?, AST-18a target, successfully intercepted by Arrow 2
16 August [377] United Kingdom Skylark Micro Launch I Iceland Langanes Peninsula Launch Site United Kingdom Skyrora
Skyrora Suborbital Test flight 16 August Successful
Maiden flight of Skylark Micro. Apogee: 26,86 km.[376]
2 September
07:03[378] 		United States Minuteman-III United States Vandenberg Air Force Base LF-04 United States US Air Force
United States 1x RV US Air Force Suborbital Test flight 2 September Successful
Mission GT-233GM
8 September
18:00[379] 		Canada Black Brant IX United States White Sands Missile Range United States NASA
United States Japan DUST-2 NASA / JAXA Suborbital Formation and growth of small particles 8 September Successful
Apogee: 346 kilometres (215 mi)
19 September
00:39 		Netherlands T-Minus Engineering Dart TED-1 Australia Koonibba Test Range Netherlands T-Minus Engineering
Australia DEWC-SP1 DEWC Systems Suborbital Miniaturized Orbital Electronic Warfare Sensor System 19 September Successful
First flight of the T-minus Dart. First Dutch space launch
19 September
02:19 		Netherlands T-Minus Engineering Dart TED-2 Australia Koonibba Test Range Netherlands T-Minus Engineering
Australia DEWC-SP2 DEWC Systems Suborbital Miniaturized Orbital Electronic Warfare Sensor System 19 September Successful
Flew 1 hour and 40 minutes after the previous flight.
13 October
13:36[380] 		United States New Shepard NS-13 United States Corn Ranch United States Blue Origin
United States Crew Capsule 2.0 Blue Origin Suborbital Test flight/Payload delivery 13 October Successful
Principality of SealandUnited States Postcards[381] Club For The Future Suborbital Education 13 October Successful
7th flight of the same capsule and booster. Onboard payloads include Space Lab Technologies, Southwest Research Institute, seeds and postcards for Club for the Future, and multiple payloads for NASA including SPLICE to test future lunar landing technologies in support of the Artemis program. A Sealandic postcard was the first payload from Sealand to be sent into space.
29 October
19:27 [382] 		United States Minuteman-III United States Vandenberg Air Force Base LF-09 United States US Air Force
United States 1x RV US Air Force Suborbital Test flight 29 October Successful
Mission GT-236GM
29 October[383] Turkey SR-0 Turkey Sinop Turkey Roketsan
Turkey Roketsan Suborbital Test flight 29 October Successful
Apogee 136 kilometers (84.5 mi).
2 November
10:20[384] 		Canada Black Brant IX United States White Sands Missile Range United States NASA
United States DEUCE NASA Suborbital Astronomy 2 November Successful
Apogee: 285 kilometres (177 mi)
17 November
05:50[385][386] 		United States ICBM-T2 FTM-44 Marshall Islands Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test Site United States US Missile Defense Agency
United States SM-3 target United States Suborbital Target for SM-3 FMT-44 17 November Successful
ICBM target for and intercepted by SM-3 FMT-44.
17 November
[385][386] 		United States SM-3 Block IIA FTM-44 United States USS John Finn United States US Missile Defense Agency/U.S. Navy
United States Kill vehicle United States U.S. Navy Suborbital ICBM interceptor 17 November Successful
Intercepted ICBM-T2 in space.
9 December
[387][388] 		Russia R-29RMU Russia Karelia (submarine), Barents Sea Russia Russian Ministry of Defense
1x RV? Suborbital Missile test 9 December Successful
9 December
[387][389] 		Russia RS-24 Yars Russia Plesetsk cosmodrome Russia Russian Ministry of Defense
1x RV? Suborbital Missile test 9 December Successful
12 December
16:15 [391] 		United States SpaceShipTwo 19 United States Spaceport America United States Virgin Galactic
United States VSS Unity Virgin Galactic Suborbital Crewed spaceflight 12 December Aborted
First attempted crewed spaceflight from New Mexico. One second after ignition, the spacecraft's engine aborted, and shut down. The two crewmembers aboard, David Mackay and Frederick Sturckow, piloted the spacecraft to a safe landing.[390]
12 December[392] Russia RSM-56 Bulava Russia K-551 Vladimir Monomakh (submarine), Sea of Okhotsk Russia Russian Ministry of Defense
1x RV Russian Ministry of Defense Suborbital Missile test 12 December Successful
Rapid launch of four intercontinental ballistic missiles.
12 December Russia RSM-56 Bulava Russia K-551 Vladimir Monomakh (submarine), Sea of Okhotsk Russia Russian Ministry of Defense
1x RV Russian Ministry of Defense Suborbital Missile test 12 December Successful
Rapid launch of four intercontinental ballistic missiles.
12 December Russia RSM-56 Bulava Russia K-551 Vladimir Monomakh (submarine), Sea of Okhotsk Russia Russian Ministry of Defense
1x RV Russian Ministry of Defense Suborbital Missile test 12 December Successful
Rapid launch of four intercontinental ballistic missiles.
12 December Russia RSM-56 Bulava Russia K-551 Vladimir Monomakh (submarine), Sea of Okhotsk Russia Russian Ministry of Defense
1x RV Russian Ministry of Defense Suborbital Missile test 12 December Successful
Rapid launch of four intercontinental ballistic missiles.
16 December
[393] 		Russia PL-19 "Nudol" Russia Plesetsk cosmodrome Russia
Suborbital Missile test 16 December Successful
Anti-satellite missile test

Launches from the Moon

-
Date and time (UTC) Rocket Flight number Launch site LSP
Payload
(⚀ = CubeSat) 		Operator Orbit Function Decay (UTC) Outcome
Remarks
3 December
15:10 [394][395] 		China Chang'e 5 ascent vehicle Chang'e 5 descent stage, Mons Rümker CNSA
China Lunar soil sample container ChinaCNSA Selenocentric orbit Sample return 7 December 2020 Successful
Sample return mission. First flight of the Chang'e ascent stage. Rendezvoused and docked with the Chang'e 5 Earth return vehicle to transfer lunar soil samples for return to Earth.

Deep-space rendezvous

Date (UTC) Spacecraft Event Remarks
29 January[396] Parker Solar Probe 4th perihelion
17 February[397] Juno 25th perijove of Jupiter
10 April[397] Juno 26th perijove
10 April 04:25[398] BepiColombo Gravity assist at Earth
2 June[397] Juno 27th perijove
7 June[399] Parker Solar Probe 5th perihelion
11 July[400] Parker Solar Probe Third gravity assist at Venus
25 July[397] Juno 28th perijove
16 September[397] Juno 29th perijove
27 September[401] Parker Solar Probe 6th perihelion
16 October 03:58[402] BepiColombo First gravity assist at Venus
20 October[403] OSIRIS-REx Touch-and-go maneuver on Bennu for sampling
8 November[397] Juno 30th perijove
28 November Chang'e 5 Lunar orbital insertion [404]
1 December[405] Chang'e 5 lander and ascent vehicle Lunar landing Sample return mission successfully landed in Mons Rümker region of Oceanus Procellarum, coordinates 43°03′27″N 51°54′58″E / 43.0576°N 51.9161°E / 43.0576; 51.9161.
5 December[406] Chang'e 5 ascent vehicle and orbiter Lunar orbit rendezvous First-ever robotic rendezvous and docking in lunar orbit
5 December [407] Hayabusa2 Sample return to Earth
7 December[408] Chang'e 5 ascent vehicle Lunar impact Intentional de-orbit following docking and transfer of samples to orbiter and reentry capsule
13 December[408] Chang'e 5 orbiter and reentry capsule Trans-Earth injection
16 December[408] Chang'e 5 reentry capsule Lunar sample return Perform a skip reentry to reduce the heating loads
26 December Solar Orbiter First gravity assist at Venus [409]
30 December[397] Juno 31st perijove

Extravehicular activities (EVAs)

Start Date/Time Duration End Time Spacecraft Crew Remarks
15 January 18:04 7 hours 29 minutes 01:33 Expedition 61

ISS Quest

United States Christina Koch

United States Jessica Meir

During the 7-hour, 29-minute spacewalk, the two NASA astronauts successfully replaced nickel-hydrogen batteries with newer, more powerful lithium-ion batteries for the power channel on one pair of the station's solar arrays.[410]

20 January 17:33 6 hours 58 minutes 00:31 Expedition 61

ISS Quest

United States Christina Koch

United States Jessica Meir

During the six hour and 58-minute spacewalk, the two NASA astronauts successfully completed the battery upgrade for one channel on one pair of the station's solar arrays.

Work included removing the last two nickel-hydrogen batteries from this area of the station's backbone near the port solar array and moving them to an external platform. The batteries will be stored there until they can be disposed of in the next Japanese HTV cargo spacecraft after it delivers tons of supplies to the space station later this year. Meir and Koch also installed the sixth and final new lithium-ion battery, and ground controllers verified the new batteries powered up successfully to provide an improved and more efficient power capacity for station operations.[411]

25 January 11:04 6 hours 16 minutes 17:20 Expedition 61

ISS Quest

United States Andrew Morgan

Italy Luca Parmitano

During the 6 hour, 16 minute spacewalk, the two astronauts successfully completed leak checks for the cooling system on the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) and opened a valve to being pressurizing the system. Preliminary testing shows AMS is responding as expected.[412]

26 June 11:02 6 hours 7 minutes 17:39 Expedition 63

ISS Quest

United States Chris Cassidy

United States Robert Behnken

The spacewalkers removed five of six aging nickel-hydrogen batteries for one of two power channels for the starboard 6 (S6) truss, installed two of three new lithium-ion batteries, and installed two of three associated adapter plates that are used to complete the power circuit to the new batteries. Mission control reports that the two new batteries are working.
The two NASA astronauts completed all the work planned for this first of four spacewalks to replace batteries that provide power for the station's solar arrays on the starboard truss of the complex as well as initial tasks originally planned for the second scheduled spacewalk next Wednesday. The new batteries provide an improved and more efficient power capacity for operations.[413]
1 July 11:13 6 hours 1 minutes 17:14 Expedition 63

ISS Quest

United States Chris Cassidy

United States Robert Behnken

During the six hour and one-minute spacewalk, the two NASA astronauts completed half the work to upgrade the batteries that provide power for one channel on one pair of the station's solar arrays. The new batteries provide an improved and more efficient power capacity for operations.

They successfully moved and connected one new, powerful lithium-ion battery and its adapter place to complete the circuit to the new battery and relocated one aging nickel-hydrogen battery to an external platform for future disposal.[414]

16 July 11:10 6 hours 17:10 Expedition 63

ISS Quest

United States Chris Cassidy

United States Robert Behnken

The two NASA astronauts completed all the work to replace batteries that provide power for the International Space Station's solar arrays on the starboard truss of the complex. The new batteries provide an improved and more efficient power capacity for operations.

The spacewalkers removed six aging nickel-hydrogen batteries for the second of two power channels for the starboard 6 (S6) truss, installed three new lithium-ion batteries, and installed the three associated adapter plates that are used to complete the power circuit to the new batteries.[415]

21 July 11:12 5 hours 29 minutes 16:41 Expedition 63

ISS Quest

United States Chris Cassidy

United States Robert Behnken

The two NASA astronauts installed a protective storage unit that includes two Robotic External Leak Locator (RELL) units the Canadian Space Agency's Dextre robot can use to detect leaks of ammonia, which is used to operate the station's cooling system. They removed two lifting fixtures at the base of station solar arrays on the near port truss, or backbone, of the station. The "H-fixtures" were used for ground processing of the solar arrays prior to their launch.

They then completed tasks to prepare the outside of the Tranquility module for the arrival later this year of the Nanoracks commercial airlock on a SpaceX cargo delivery mission. They also routed Ethernet cables and removed a lens filter cover from an external camera.[416]

18 November 15:12 6 hours 48 minutes 22:00 Expedition 64

Poisk Airlock

Russia Sergey Ryzhikov

Russia Sergey Kud-Sverchkov

Spacewalk was conducted using Poisk Module airlock for the first time in 11 years.

This spacewalk includes works in preparation of Pirs module decommissioning and departure: relocated antenna and repositioned instruments Replacement of fluid flow regulator was not done as astronauts were unable to open new module compartment, this task was deferred to a future spacewalk.[417]

Orbital launch statistics

See also: Timeline of spaceflight

By country

For the purposes of this section, the yearly tally of orbital launches by country assigns each flight to the country of origin of the rocket, not to the launch services provider or the spaceport. For example, Soyuz launches by Arianespace in Kourou are counted under Russia because Soyuz-2 is a Russian rocket. Launches from the Moon are not included in the statistics.

China: 39Europe: 5India: 2Iran: 2Israel: 1Japan: 4North Korea: 0Russia: 17Ukraine: 0USA: 44
Country Launches Successes Failures Partial
failures 		Remarks
 China 39 35 4 0
 Europe 5 4 1 0
 India 2 2 0 0
 Iran 2 1 1 0
 Israel 1 1 0 0
 Japan 4 4 0 0
 Russia 17 17 0 0 Includes two European Soyuz launches from Kourou, French Guiana by Arianespace.
 United States 44 40 4 0 Includes seven Electron launches from Mahia
World 114 104 10 0

By rocket

By family

By type

By configuration

By spaceport

10
20
30
40
China
France
India
Iran
Israel
Japan
Kazakhstan
New Zealand
Russia
United States
Site Country Launches Successes Failures Partial failures Remarks
Baikonur  Kazakhstan 7 7 0 0
Cape Canaveral  United States 20 20 0 0
Jiuquan  China 13 11 2 0
Kennedy  United States 10 10 0 0
Kourou  France 7 6 1 0
Mahia  New Zealand 7 6 1 0
MARS  United States 3 3 0 0
Mojave  United States 1 0 1 0
PSCA  United States 2 0 2 0
Palmachim  Israel 1 1 0 0
Plesetsk  Russia 7 7 0 0
Satish Dhawan  India 2 2 0 0
Shahroud  Iran 1 1 0 0 First orbital launch
Semnan  Iran 1 0 1 0
Taiyuan  China 7 7 0 0
Tanegashima  Japan 4 4 0 0
Vandenberg  United States 1 1 0 0
Vostochny  Russia 1 1 0 0
Wenchang  China 5 4 1 0
Xichang  China 13 12 1 0
Yellow Sea  China 1 1 0 0
Total 114 104 10 0

By orbit

  •   Low Earth
  •   Low Earth (ISS)
  •   Low Earth (SSO)
  •   Low Earth (retrograde)
  •   Medium Earth
  •   Molniya
  •   Geosychronous
  •   Lunar transfer
  •   Heliocentric
  •  
Orbital regime Launches Achieved Not achieved Accidentally
achieved 		Remarks
Transatmospheric 0 0 0 0
Low Earth / Sun-synchronous 82 74 8 0 Including flights to the ISS
Geosynchronous / GTO 19 17 2 0
Medium Earth / Molniya 8 8 0 0
High Earth / Lunar transfer 1 1 0 0
Heliocentric orbit / Planetary transfer 4 4 0 0
Total 114 104 10 0

Suborbital launch statistics

By country

For the purposes of this section, the yearly tally of suborbital launches by country assigns each flight to the country of origin of the rocket, not to the launch services provider or the spaceport. Flights intended to fly below 80 km (50 mi) are omitted.

Canada: 3France: 1India: 2Israel: 1Japan: 2The Netherlands: 2Russia: 8Turkey: 1USA: 11
Country Launches Successes Failures Partial
failures 		Remarks
 Canada 3 3 0 0
 France 1 1 0 0
 India 2 2 0 0
 Israel 1 1 0 0
 Japan 2 1 1 0
 Netherlands 2 2 0 0 Includes T-Minus Dart launches from Australia
 Russia 8 8 0 0
 Turkey 1 1 0 0
 United States 11 11 0 0
World 31 30 1 0

First successful orbital launch

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Clockwise from top:

References

  1. ^ a b c Wall, Mike (7 July 2020). "It's the month of Mars! 3 Red Planet missions set to launch in July". Space.com. Archived from the original on 6 March 2023. Retrieved 25 July 2020.
  2. ^ "天外送祝福，月圆迎华诞——天问一号以"自拍国旗"祝福祖国71华诞" [Blessings from the heavens, and the full moon celebrates China's birthday —— Tianwen-1 blesses China's 71st birthday with national flag selfie]. CLEP (in Chinese). 1 October 2020. Archived from the original on 19 January 2023. Retrieved 1 October 2020 – via Weixin QQ.
  3. ^ Jones, Andrew (8 December 2020). "Chang'e-5 spacecraft smashes into moon after completing mission". SpaceNews. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
  4. ^ CNSA. "Chang'e 5's reentry capsule lands with moon samples". Archived from the original on 23 January 2021. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
  5. ^ Rincon, Paul (6 December 2020). "Hayabusa-2: Capsule with asteroid samples in 'perfect' shape". BBC News. Archived from the original on 23 January 2023. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
  6. ^ "Atlas launches Solar Orbiter mission". SpaceNews. 10 February 2020. Retrieved 30 March 2022.
  7. ^ "First milestones accomplished on NASA's newly-launched Parker Solar Probe – Spaceflight Now". spaceflightnow.com. Archived from the original on 22 August 2018. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
  8. ^ Wall, Mike (10 October 2019). "SpaceX Could Launch NASA Astronauts Into Space in Early 2020". Space.com. Archived from the original on 9 December 2022. Retrieved 18 October 2019.
  9. ^ Burghardt, Thomas (17 November 2020). "Crew Dragon Resilience successfully docks, expands ISS crew to seven". NASASpaceFlight.com.
  10. ^ a b Bartels, Meghan (5 May 2020). "China launches next-generation space capsule on Long March 5B rocket test flight". Space.com. Archived from the original on 5 May 2020. Retrieved 5 May 2020. China space agency completed a vital test launch today (May 5) when the first launch of its heavy-lift Long March 5B rocket went off without a hitch. [...] Lift-off of today's mission occurred at 6 p.m. local time (6 a.m. EDT, 1000 GMT).
  11. ^ a b Jones, Andrew (2 October 2019). "This Is China's New Spacecraft to Take Astronauts to the Moon (Photos)". Space.com. Archived from the original on 6 March 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2019.
  12. ^ Ashley Strickland (6 February 2020). "Astronaut Christina Koch lands back on Earth after a record-breaking 328 days in space. Here's what she did". cnn.com. Archived from the original on 28 November 2022. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
  13. ^ Ralph, Eric (4 August 2020). "SpaceX Starship leaps towards Mars with picture-perfect hop debut". Archived from the original on 5 February 2023. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
  14. ^ "So, it turns out SpaceX is pretty good at rocketing". 10 December 2020. Archived from the original on 23 December 2022.
  15. ^ Berger, Eric (26 April 2018). "NASA to pay more for less cargo delivery to the space station". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on 28 November 2022. Retrieved 13 November 2018.
  16. ^ "SpaceX's Starlink internet speeds are consistently topping 150 Mbps — now Elon Musk says the biggest challenge is slashing the US$600 up-front cost for users". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 17 November 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
  17. ^ Clark, Stephen (12 November 2019). "OneWeb's first full-up launch delayed to January". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 1 October 2022. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
  18. ^ Boyle, Alan (27 March 2020). "OneWeb files for bankruptcy amid coronavirus chaos, leaving satellite network's fate up in the air". GeekWire. Archived from the original on 22 January 2023. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
  19. ^ Clark, Stephen (22 September 2020). "OneWeb to resume launches in December after bankruptcy". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 7 December 2022. Retrieved 24 September 2020.
  20. ^ Sheetz, Michael (17 April 2020). "For the first time ever, a robotic spacecraft caught an old satellite and extended its life". CNBC. Archived from the original on 22 January 2023. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
  21. ^ a b c d Clark, Stephen (15 December 2020). "Launch Log". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 16 December 2020.
  22. ^ Gebhardt, Chris (6 January 2020). "SpaceX kick-starts global 2020 launch year with Starlink mission". NASASpaceFlight. Archived from the original on 5 December 2022. Retrieved 7 January 2020.
  23. ^ @LaunchStuff (20 December 2019). "Falcon 9 second stage re-entry notam" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 21 December 2019 – via Twitter. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  24. ^ Barbosa, Rui C. (7 January 2020). "Long March 3B launch opens China's busy 2020 schedule". NASASpaceFlight. Archived from the original on 3 December 2022. Retrieved 7 January 2020.
  25. ^ "长征三号乙 • 通信技术试验卫星五号 • 2020年中国首发 • 任务成功" [Long March 3B • Communication Technology Test Satellite No. 5 • China's first launch in 2020 • Mission Success]. spaceflightfans.cn (in Chinese). 7 January 2020. Archived from the original on 24 April 2021. Retrieved 7 January 2020.
  26. ^ a b c Krebs, Gunter. "CZ-3 (Chang Zheng-3)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  27. ^ Barbosa, Rui C. (14 January 2020). "Long March 2D launches Kuanfu-1 and co-passengers". NASASpaceFlight. Archived from the original on 31 July 2022. Retrieved 15 January 2020.
  28. ^ "NUSAT-8 (MARIE)". N2YO.com. 3 October 2023. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
  29. ^ "天启五号卫星成功发射" [Tianqi 5 Successfully Launched] (in Chinese). Guodian Gaoke. 15 January 2020. Archived from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 15 January 2020 – via WeChat.
  30. ^ Jones, Andrew (16 January 2020). "China launches Yinhe-1 commercial low Earth orbit 5G satellite". SpaceNews. Retrieved 16 January 2020.
  31. ^ Barbosa, Rui C. (15 January 2020). "Kuaizhou-1A lofts Yinhe-1 for China". NASASpaceFlight. Archived from the original on 3 December 2022. Retrieved 16 January 2020.
  32. ^ "Commercial company to launch China's first low-Earth 5G backhaul satellite with capacity of 10 Gbps". China News Service. 12 December 2019. Archived from the original on 27 April 2022. Retrieved 13 December 2019.
  33. ^ Gray, Tyler (16 January 2020). "Arianespace gears up for busy 2020 with dual-passenger Ariane 5 mission". NASASpaceFlight. Archived from the original on 3 December 2022. Retrieved 16 January 2020.
  34. ^ Krebs, Gunter. "Eutelsat Konnect". Gunter's Space Page. Archived from the original on 4 January 2023. Retrieved 28 September 2019.
  35. ^ Clark, Stephen (29 January 2020). "SpaceX boosts 60 more Starlink satellites into orbit after weather delays". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 22 December 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2020.
  36. ^ Burghardt, Thomas (29 January 2020). "SpaceX's Third Operational Starlink Mission launches". NASASpaceflight.com. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 29 January 2020.
  37. ^ "Birds of a Feather". Rocket Lab. 31 January 2020. Archived from the original on 5 March 2023. Retrieved 31 January 2020.
  38. ^ Clark, Stephen (7 February 2020). "Successful Soyuz launch deploys 34 satellites for OneWeb network". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 24 December 2022. Retrieved 10 February 2020.
  39. ^ Gebhardt, Chris (6 February 2020). "The 50th Arianespace, Starsem mission completes OneWeb launch". NASASpaceFlight. Archived from the original on 19 October 2021. Retrieved 10 February 2020.
  40. ^ "Arianespace helps boost global connectivity with its latest Soyuz mission at the service of OneWeb". Arianespace (Press release). 7 February 2020. Archived from the original on 14 February 2022. Retrieved 10 February 2020.
  41. ^ Graham, William (8 February 2020). "H-IIA conducts IGS Optical 7 launch". NASASpaceFlight. Archived from the original on 23 February 2022. Retrieved 10 February 2020.
  42. ^ H-IIAロケット41号機の打上げについて [Launch of H-IIA Rocket No. 41] (Press release) (in Japanese). Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. 6 February 2020. Archived from the original on 27 January 2022. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
  43. ^ Graham, William (9 February 2020). "Iran's Simorgh rocket fails to loft Zafar-1 into orbit". NASASpaceFlight. Archived from the original on 22 August 2022. Retrieved 10 February 2020.
  44. ^ "All-Iranian environmental satellite unveiled". Tehran Times. 19 January 2020. Archived from the original on 10 August 2022. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
  45. ^ Gebhardt, Chris (9 February 2020). "ESA Solar Orbiter mission rides on ULA Atlas V to study the Sun". NASASpaceFlight. Archived from the original on 3 December 2022. Retrieved 10 February 2020.
  46. ^ a b c d Krebs, Gunter. "Atlas-5". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
  47. ^ Clark, Stephen (18 February 2020). "Cygnus freighter delivers new British-made antenna to International Space Station". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 28 November 2022. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  48. ^ Keeter, Bill (17 June 2020). "ISS Daily Summary Report – 6/17/2020". NASA. Archived from the original on 2 December 2022. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  49. ^ Keeter, Bill (23 June 2020). "ISS Daily Summary Report – 6/23/2020". NASA. Archived from the original on 1 December 2022. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  50. ^ Keeter, Bill (13 July 2020). "ISS Daily Summary Report – 7/13/2020". NASA. Archived from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 17 July 2020.
  51. ^ Clark, Stephen (15 February 2020). "Antares rocket lifts off from Virginia on space station cargo mission". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 27 September 2022. Retrieved 15 February 2020.
  52. ^ "REDEYE 2 (MERLOT)". N2YO.com. 16 November 2022. Archived from the original on 15 February 2023. Retrieved 23 November 2022.
  53. ^ "REDEYE 3 (CABERNET)". N2YO.com. 16 November 2022. Archived from the original on 23 November 2022. Retrieved 23 November 2022.
  54. ^ "DEMI". N2YO.com. 8 March 2022. Archived from the original on 15 February 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2022.
  55. ^ Hill, Denise (13 July 2020). "CubeSat Launch Initiative Deploys 109th CubeSat". NASA. Archived from the original on 10 March 2023. Retrieved 17 July 2020.
  56. ^ Baylor, Michael (17 February 2020). "SpaceX successfully conducts fifth Starlink launch – booster misses drone ship". NASASpaceFlight. Archived from the original on 28 February 2023. Retrieved 17 February 2020.
  57. ^ Gebhardt, Chris (18 February 2020). "Ariane 5 lifts Japanese, South Korean satellites to Geostationary Transfer Orbit". NASASpaceFlight. Archived from the original on 5 December 2022. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  58. ^ "Flight VA252: Arianespace at the service of SKY Perfect JSAT (Japan) and KARI (Korea) with JCSAT-17 and GEO-KOMPSAT-2B". Arianespace (Press release). 11 February 2020. Archived from the original on 14 February 2022. Retrieved 11 February 2020.
  59. ^ "Arianespace to launch JCSAT-17 for SKY Perfect JSAT" (Press release). Arianespace. 4 January 2017. Archived from the original on 17 February 2023. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
  60. ^ Krebs, Gunter. "GEO-KOMPSAT 2B (GK 2B, Cheollian 2B)". Gunter's Space Page. Archived from the original on 4 January 2023. Retrieved 25 August 2019.
  61. ^ "Geostationary Korea Multi Purpose Satellite(GEO-KOMPSAT, Cheollian)". KARI. Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 10 March 2018.
  62. ^ Barbosa, Rui C. (19 February 2020). "Long March-2D conducts maiden launch from Xichang with four satellites". NASASpaceFlight. Archived from the original on 5 December 2022. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
  63. ^ Jones, Andrew (19 February 2020). "China resumes space launch activity amid coronavirus outbreak". SpaceNews. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
  64. ^ a b c d Krebs, Gunter. "CZ-2 (Chang Zheng-2)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 4 September 2020.
  65. ^ Joseph Remis [@jremis] (13 July 2023). "Update: obj. 45249 XJS C decay prediction: July 13, 2023 UTC 14h00mn ± 2h" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  66. ^ Jonathan McDowell [@planet4589] (5 June 2024). "China's XJS D intersatellite-comms test satellite, which operated from 2020 Feb to 2024 Jan, reentered over the Indian Ocean at 0344 UTC Jun 4" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  67. ^ Clark, Stephen (20 February 2020). "Soyuz rocket launches Russian military satellite after one-month delay". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 24 September 2022. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
  68. ^ Graham, William (20 February 2020). "Soyuz 2-1a launches ninth Meridian satellite". NASASpaceFlight. Archived from the original on 14 November 2022. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
  69. ^ Krebs, Gunter (20 February 2020). "Meridian-M (14F112M)". Gunter's Space Page. Archived from the original on 26 December 2022. Retrieved 23 February 2020.
  70. ^ "ドラゴン補給船運用20号機（SpX-20）ミッション" [Dragon Supply Vessel Unit 20 (SpX-20) Mission]. JAXA (in Japanese). 5 March 2020. Archived from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 6 March 2020.
  71. ^ Keeter, Bill (28 April 2020). "ISS Daily Summary Report – 4/28/2020". NASA. Archived from the original on 19 January 2022. Retrieved 30 April 2020.
  72. ^ "「ガンダム衛星」宇宙に放出 感染終息後、メッセージ検討 五輪組織委" ['Gundam Satellite' released into space, message to be sent after the end of the infection]. Fukui Shimbun (in Japanese). 29 April 2020. Archived from the original on 30 June 2020. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  73. ^ McDowell, Jonathan [@planet4589] (18 May 2020). "Clarification on the Cygnus deployment (thanks to @SEOPSLLC and to Ben Lamm): Cygnus carried an attached Lynk test payload which extended an antenna; it also deployed one free flying cubesat for @LynkTheWorld at 2325 UTC May 13. Both payloads went up on SPX-20" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 31 December 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2020 – via Twitter.
  74. ^ Clark, Stephen (7 March 2020). "Late-night launch of SpaceX cargo ship marks end of an era". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 27 September 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
  75. ^ Foust, Jeff (7 April 2020). "Final first-generation cargo Dragon spacecraft returns to Earth". SpaceNews. Retrieved 7 April 2020.
  76. ^ "G-SAT". N2YO.com. 18 April 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
  77. ^ "Quetzal-1: Guatemala lanzó su primer satélite al espacio" [Quetzal-1: Guatemala launches its first satellite into space]. Nodal (in Spanish). 9 March 2020. Archived from the original on 18 January 2022. Retrieved 10 March 2020.
  78. ^ "QUETZAL-1". N2YO.com. 1 March 2022. Archived from the original on 15 February 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2022.
  79. ^ @LynkTheWorld (11 March 2020). "Lynk is happy to announce the successful launch of our 4th satellite, Lynk the World, the world's 4th cell tower in space!" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 12 March 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2020 – via Twitter.
  80. ^ Krebs, Gunter (15 April 2020). "Dragon C2, CRS-1,... CRS-20 (SpX 1,... 20)". Gunter's Space Page. Archived from the original on 28 November 2022. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  81. ^ Clark, Stephen (9 March 2020). "China launches Beidou satellite, aims for completion of navigation network in May". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 30 November 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
  82. ^ a b Krebs, Gunter (9 January 2020). "BD-3 G". Gunter's Space Page. Archived from the original on 20 January 2023. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
  83. ^ Barbosa, Rui C. (16 March 2020). "Long March 7A fails during Xinjishu Yanzheng-6 mission". NASASpaceFlight. Archived from the original on 14 August 2022. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
  84. ^ Jones, Andrew (16 March 2020). "Launch of China's new Long March 7A ends in failure". SpaceNews. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
  85. ^ Zak, Anatoly (16 March 2020). "Soyuz-2 rocket launches the 60th GLONASS mission". RussianSpaceWeb. Archived from the original on 16 December 2022. Retrieved 16 December 2022.
  86. ^ Clark, Stephen (18 March 2020). "Falcon 9 rocket overcomes engine failure to deploy Starlink satellites". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 6 October 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
  87. ^ Clark, Stephen (21 March 2020). "Soyuz rocket successfully launches 34 more OneWeb satellites". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 1 October 2022. Retrieved 22 March 2020.
  88. ^ "Soyuz Flight ST28". Arianespace. March 2020. Archived from the original on 14 February 2022. Retrieved 22 March 2020.
  89. ^ Barbosa, Rui C. (23 March 2020). "Long March 2C successfully launched latest Yaogan Weixing mission". NASASpaceFlight. Archived from the original on 14 August 2022. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
  90. ^ "Long March 2C Y42 launch postcard". Xichang Satellite Launch Center. NASASpaceFlight. March 2020. Archived from the original on 30 June 2020. Retrieved 9 April 2020.
  91. ^ "All Eyes on Cape Canaveral for the Latest AE CubeSat Launch on March 26". Georgia Institute of Technology - College of Engineering. 24 March 2020. Archived from the original on 26 December 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  92. ^ Clark, Stephen (26 March 2020). "Atlas 5 launch caps deployment of ultra-secure military communications network". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2020.
  93. ^ "AEHF Advanced Extremely High Frequency". Lockheed Martin. Archived from the original on 3 January 2023. Retrieved 16 February 2020.
  94. ^ "Space and Missile Systems Center's multi-manifest satellite vehicle ready for integration on AEHF-6 mission". Space and Missile Systems Center. LAAFB. 10 March 2020. Archived from the original on 3 August 2021. Retrieved 11 March 2020.
  95. ^ "TDO 2 SPACECRAFT". N2YO.com. 28 September 2022. Archived from the original on 14 October 2022. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
  96. ^ Gebhardt, Chris (8 April 2020). "Russia conducts first Soyuz 2.1a human launch; MS-16 crew arrives at Station". NASASpaceFlight. Archived from the original on 23 December 2022. Retrieved 9 April 2020.
  97. ^ Krebs, Gunter (9 April 2020). "Palapa N1 (Nusantara 2)". Gunter's Space Page. Archived from the original on 25 December 2022. Retrieved 9 April 2020.
  98. ^ Clark, Stephen (9 April 2020). "Chinese rocket fails during launch of Indonesian communications satellite". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 24 September 2022. Retrieved 9 April 2020.
  99. ^ Clark, Stephen (22 April 2020). "Iran places military satellite in orbit". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 23 February 2023. Retrieved 23 April 2020.
  100. ^ Krebs, Gunter (26 April 2020). "Noor 1". Gunter's Space Page. Archived from the original on 15 October 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
  101. ^ "NOUR 01". N2YO.com. 13 April 2022. Archived from the original on 22 December 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
  102. ^ Clark, Stephen (22 April 2020). "SpaceX's Starlink network surpasses 400-satellite mark after successful launch". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 28 February 2023. Retrieved 23 April 2020.
  103. ^ Clark, Stephen (25 April 2020). "Soyuz launches from Kazakhstan with space station supply ship". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 13 February 2023. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
  104. ^ "Завершен полет корабля-рекордсмена "Прогресс МС-14"" [The flight of the record-breaking vehicle "Progress MS-14" has been completed] (Press release) (in Russian). Roscosmos. 29 April 2021. Archived from the original on 22 August 2022. Retrieved 30 April 2021.
  105. ^ Clark, Stephen (8 May 2020). "China's next-generation crew spacecraft lands after unpiloted test flight". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 27 November 2022. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  106. ^ Jones, Andrew (5 May 2020). "Long March 5B launch clears path for Chinese space station project". SpaceNews. Retrieved 6 May 2020.
  107. ^ Clark, Stephen (6 May 2020). "Experimental Chinese cargo return capsule malfunctions during re-entry". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 6 October 2022. Retrieved 6 May 2020.
  108. ^ a b c Krebs, Gunter. "CZ-5 (Chang Zheng-5)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
  109. ^ Krebs, Gunter (6 May 2020). "RCS-FC-SC". Gunter's Space Page. Archived from the original on 21 December 2022. Retrieved 6 May 2020.
  110. ^ a b Clark, Stephen (12 May 2020). "First two smallsats launched for Chinese data relay constellation". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 4 December 2022. Retrieved 12 May 2020.
  111. ^ a b Krebs, Gunter (15 May 2020). "Kuaizhou-1A (KZ-1A)". Gunter's Space Page. Archived from the original on 29 December 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
  112. ^ "Atlas V USSF-7". ULA. 17 May 2020. Archived from the original on 8 August 2022. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  113. ^ Clark, Stephen (17 May 2020). "Upgraded X-37B spaceplane rockets into orbit aboard Atlas 5 launcher". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 6 October 2022. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  114. ^ "X-37B orbital test vehicle concludes sixth successful mission". U.S. Space Force. 12 November 2022. Archived from the original on 1 February 2023. Retrieved 12 November 2022.
  115. ^ "Launch Result of the H-II Transfer Vehicle KOUNOTORI9 aboard the H-IIB Vehicle No. 9" (Press release). Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. 21 May 2020. Archived from the original on 21 January 2023. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
  116. ^ Zak, Anatoly (22 May 2020). "Russia launches missile-watching satellite". RussianSpaceWeb. Archived from the original on 2 February 2023. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  117. ^ Graham, William (22 May 2020). "Russia's Soyuz-2-1b launches missile detection satellite". NASASpaceFlight. Archived from the original on 4 December 2022. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  118. ^ Krebs, Gunter (26 September 2019). "Tundra (EKS, 14F142)". Gunter's Space Page. Archived from the original on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  119. ^ a b Burghardt, Thomas (25 May 2020). "Virgin Orbit's First Orbital Launch Attempt Terminated Shortly After Release". NASASpaceFlight. Archived from the original on 13 November 2022. Retrieved 25 May 2020.
  120. ^ @Virgin_Orbit (25 May 2020). "LauncherOne maintained stability after release, and we ignited our first stage engine, NewtonThree. An anomaly then occurred early in first stage flight. We'll learn more as our engineers analyze the mountain of data we collected today" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 12 February 2022. Retrieved 25 May 2020 – via Twitter.
  121. ^ Krebs, Gunter (29 May 2020). "Starshine 1, 2, 4". Gunter's Space Page. Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 30 May 2020.
  122. ^ Barbosa, Rui C. (29 May 2020). "Long March 11 launches out of Xichang for the first time". NASASpaceFlight. Archived from the original on 23 December 2022. Retrieved 30 May 2020.
  123. ^ "长征十一号 • 新技术试验卫星G星和H星 • 该型号火箭首次在西昌发射 • 任务成功" [Long March 11 • New technology test satellites G and H • First launch of this rocket type from Xichang • Mission Success]. spaceflightfans.cn (in Chinese). 29 May 2020. Archived from the original on 5 September 2020. Retrieved 30 May 2020.
  124. ^ a b Krebs, Gunter (10 December 2020). "CZ-11 (Chang Zheng-11)". Gunter's Space Page. Archived from the original on 31 December 2022. Retrieved 10 December 2020.
  125. ^ Foust, Jeff (2 August 2020). "Crew Dragon splashes down to end successful test flight". SpaceNews. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
  126. ^ "How the SpaceX Crew Dragon mission could shape the future of commercial space". 21 May 2020. Archived from the original on 7 December 2022.
  127. ^ Clark, Stephen (30 May 2020). "NASA astronauts launch from U.S. soil for first time in nine years". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 29 December 2022. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
  128. ^ Thompson, Amy (30 May 2020). "Liftoff! SpaceX launches 1st astronauts for NASA on historic test flight". Space.com. Archived from the original on 27 December 2022. Retrieved 30 May 2020.
  129. ^ Barbosa, Rui C. (31 May 2020). "Long March 2D lofts Gaofen-9". NASASpaceFlight. Archived from the original on 29 November 2022. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
  130. ^ "长征二号丁 • 高分九号02星、和德四号卫星 • Long March 2D • Gaofen 9-02 • 任务圆满成功" [Long March 2D • Gaofen-9 02, HEAD-4 • Mission Success]. spaceflightfans.cn (in Chinese). 31 May 2020. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
  131. ^ a b Krebs, Gunter. "Gaofen 9 (GF 9)". Gunter's Space Page. Archived from the original on 3 October 2022. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
  132. ^ Krebs, Gunter (9 December 2019). "HEAD 1, 2A, 2B (Hede 1, 2A, 2B)". Gunter's Space Page. Archived from the original on 31 December 2022. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
  133. ^ Fletcher, Colin; Gray, Tyler (3 June 2020). "SpaceX Launches Eighth Starlink Mission, Read The Instructions With East Coast Droneship Debut". NASASpaceFlight. Archived from the original on 28 February 2023. Retrieved 4 June 2020.
  134. ^ Barbosa, Rui C. (10 June 2020). "Long March 2C lofts Haiyang-1D". NASASpaceFlight. Archived from the original on 7 December 2022. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
  135. ^ "长征二号丙 • 海洋一号04星(HY-1D)" [Long March 2C • HaiYang-1D]. spaceflightfans.cn (in Chinese). 9 June 2020. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
  136. ^ a b "Upcoming ELaNa CubeSat Launches". NASA. 10 August 2020. Retrieved 10 August 2020. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  137. ^ "Rocket Lab's Next Mission to Launch Satellites for NASA, NRO and the University of New South Wales". Rocket Lab (Press release). 9 March 2020. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
  138. ^ Parham, J. Brent; Kromis, Maria; Teng, Phillip; Zosuls, Aleks; Walsh, Brian; Semeter, Joshua (5 August 2018). ANDESITE: A Student-Built Swarm from Concept to Launch and Beyond. 32nd Annual AIAA/USU Conference on Small Satellites. Logan, Utah: USU. Retrieved 4 June 2020.
  139. ^ a b Krebs, Gunter (9 May 2020). "ANDESITE". Gunter's Space Page. Archived from the original on 5 February 2023. Retrieved 4 June 2020.
  140. ^ Blinde, Loren (18 June 2020). "NRO launches second mission of 2020". Intelligence Community News. Archived from the original on 5 December 2020. Retrieved 18 June 2020.
  141. ^ Clark, Stephen (13 June 2020). "University-built CubeSat launched with swarm of auroral science nodes". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 9 December 2022. Retrieved 14 June 2020.
  142. ^ "Don't Stop Me Now". Rocket Lab. 13 June 2020. Archived from the original on 8 December 2022. Retrieved 14 June 2020.
  143. ^ "Information furnished in conformity with the Convention on Registration of Objects Launched into Outer Space". Archived from the original on 11 May 2022. 13 June 2020, Photon Pathfinder, The Photon Pathfinder is the same space object as the Electron Kick Stage Rocket Body, essentially extending the function of the third stage so that it may act as a satellite in its own right. (Registered as a Photon bus)
  144. ^ a b c Krebs, Gunter (14 June 2020). "USA 301, 302, 303". Gunter's Space Page. Archived from the original on 5 October 2022. Retrieved 14 June 2020.
  145. ^ Clark, Stephen (13 June 2020). "Starlink satellite deployments continue with successful Falcon 9 launch". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 7 October 2022. Retrieved 14 June 2020.
  146. ^ Kanayama, Lee (13 May 2020). "Planet Labs SkySats to rideshare with SpaceX Starlink launches". NASASpaceFlight. Archived from the original on 28 February 2023. Retrieved 13 May 2020.
  147. ^ Barbosa, Rui C. (17 June 2020). "Long March 2D lofts Gaofen-9 (03) satellite". NASASpaceFlight. Archived from the original on 29 August 2021. Retrieved 17 June 2020.
  148. ^ "长征二号丁 • 高分九号03星、皮星三号A星、和德五号卫星 • 任务成功" [Long March 2D • Gaofen-9 03, Pixing-3A, HEAD-5 • Mission Success]. spaceflightfans.cn (in Chinese). 17 June 2020. Archived from the original on 29 April 2021. Retrieved 17 June 2020.
  149. ^ Makichuk, Dave (24 October 2019). "BeiDou-3 satellite system rocketing ahead". Asia Times. Archived from the original on 28 June 2022. Retrieved 24 October 2019.
  150. ^ Barbosa, Rui C. (22 June 2020). "China launches final Beidou-3 with Long March 3B Return To Flight". NASASpaceFlight. Archived from the original on 18 November 2022. Retrieved 23 June 2020.
  151. ^ "长征三号乙 • 北斗三号GEO-3 • 北斗三号组网收官之战 • Long March 3B • BDS(GEO-3) · 该火箭事故后复飞 · 发射任务圆满成功" [Long March 3B • Beidou No. 3 GEO-3 • End of Beidou No. 3 Network Deployment Effort • LM-3B reflight after launch failure • Mission Success]. spaceflightfans.cn (in Chinese). 23 June 2020. Archived from the original on 25 November 2020. Retrieved 23 June 2020.
  152. ^ a b Clark, Stephen (2 October 2020). "Space Force announces new nicknames for GPS satellites". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 28 February 2023. Retrieved 2 October 2020.
  153. ^ Atkinson, Ian (30 June 2020). "SpaceX launches third GPS Block III satellite". NASASpaceFlight. Archived from the original on 28 February 2023. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
  154. ^ Clark, Stephen (30 June 2020). "SpaceX launches its first mission for the U.S. Space Force". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 28 February 2023. Retrieved 1 July 2020.
  155. ^ Barbosa, Rui C. (3 July 2020). "Long March 4B lofts new Gaofen satellite". NASASpaceFlight. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 3 July 2020.
  156. ^ "长征四号乙 • 高分多模卫星、八一小卫星 (BY70-2)" [Long March 4B • Gaofen Multi-Mode and Xibaipo Bayi 02 (BY70-2) • Mission Success]. spaceflightfans.cn (in Chinese). 3 July 2020. Archived from the original on 19 October 2020. Retrieved 3 July 2020.
  157. ^ Foust, Jeff (4 July 2020). "Rocket Lab Electron launch fails". SpaceNews. Retrieved 4 July 2020.
  158. ^ Clark, Stephen (4 July 2020). "Rocket Lab satellite launch fails before reaching orbit". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 6 December 2022. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
  159. ^ "长征二号丁 • 实验六号02星" [Long March 2D • Shiyan-6 02 (SY-6-02)]. spaceflightfans.cn (in Chinese). 1 July 2020. Archived from the original on 23 January 2021. Retrieved 1 July 2020.
  160. ^ Ahronheim, Anna (6 July 2020). "Ofek 16 reconnaissance satellite launched into space by Defense Ministry". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
  161. ^ Clark, Stephen (6 July 2020). "Israel successfully places surveillance satellite into orbit". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 6 July 2020.
  162. ^ Barbosa, Rui C. (9 July 2020). "Long March 3B launches APStar-6D". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 9 July 2020.
  163. ^ "长征三号乙 • 亚太6D" [Long March 3B • Asia Pacific 6D]. spaceflightfans.cn (in Chinese). 8 July 2020. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  164. ^ Krebs, Gunter (6 June 2020). "Kuaizhou-11 (KZ-11)". Gunter's Space Page. Archived from the original on 8 January 2023. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
  165. ^ Jones, Andrew (10 July 2020). "First launch of Chinese Kuaizhou-11 rocket ends in failure". SpaceNews. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
  166. ^ "快舟十一号 • 一箭2星 • 火箭首飞 · Kuaizhou 11 maiden flight • 任务失败" [Kuaizhou 11 • Two satellites • First flight • Mission failed]. spaceflightfans.cn (in Chinese). 10 July 2020. Archived from the original on 12 May 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
  167. ^ "Bilibili, YouTube of China, to launch satellite for video content production". cnTechPost. 1 June 2020. Archived from the original on 6 December 2021. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
  168. ^ Krebs, Gunter (17 July 2020). "NROL 129". Gunter's Space Page. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 17 July 2020.
  169. ^ Clark, Stephen (15 July 2020). "Minotaur rocket successfully deploys four NRO satellites in orbit". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 17 July 2020.
  170. ^ Gebhardt, Chris; Gray, Tyler (19 July 2020). "United Arab Emirates begins historic first interplanetary mission". NASASpaceFlight. Archived from the original on 5 May 2022. Retrieved 19 July 2020.
  171. ^ "Launch Result of the H-IIA Launch Vehicle No.42 (H-IIA F42) which carries aboard the HOPE" (Press release). Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. 20 July 2020. Archived from the original on 21 January 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  172. ^ Krebs, Gunter. "H-2A". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 4 August 2017.
  173. ^ Clark, Stephen (20 July 2020). "SpaceX delivers South Korea's first military satellite into on-target orbit". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 27 September 2022. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
  174. ^ Krebs, Gunter (23 October 2019). "Anasis 2 (KMilSatCom 1)". Gunter's Space Page. Archived from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2019.
  175. ^ Clark, Stephen (23 July 2020). "China launches robotic mission to orbit, land, and drive on Mars". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 2 January 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
  176. ^ "The scientific image map was unveiled, and it was a one-time tour! my country's first Mars exploration mission was a complete success". Archived from the original on 11 June 2021. Retrieved 6 June 2021. The picture of the "touring group photo" shows the rover traveling about 10 meters south of the landing platform, releasing the separate camera installed at the bottom of the vehicle, and then retreating to the vicinity of the landing platform.
  177. ^ Zak, Anatoly (10 June 2020). "Space exploration in 2020: Planned Russian orbital launch attempts". RussianSpaceWeb. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
  178. ^ "Запуск российского модуля "Наука" к МКС отложили на 2021 год" [Launch of Russian module "Nauka" to ISS postponed until 2021]. RIA Novosti (in Russian). 2 April 2020. Archived from the original on 1 January 2022. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
  179. ^ Clark, Stephen (23 July 2020). "Progress supply ship docks with space station after last-minute misalignment". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 23 December 2022. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
  180. ^ "Прогресс МС-15 завершил свой полет" [Progress MS-15 completes its flight]. Roscosmos (in Russian). 9 February 2021. Archived from the original on 22 August 2022. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
  181. ^ Barbosa, Rui C. (24 July 2020). "Long March 4B lofts latest Ziyuan-3 satellite". NASASpaceFlight. Archived from the original on 23 November 2021. Retrieved 25 July 2020.
  182. ^ Clark, Stephen (25 July 2020). "China launches high-resolution mapping satellite". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 6 October 2022. Retrieved 25 July 2020.
  183. ^ "HKATG successfully carries out in-orbit technology validation of 'Golden Bauhinia' satellite constellation". HKATG (Press release). PR Newswire. 25 July 2020. Archived from the original on 10 November 2020. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  184. ^ Jones, Andrew (25 July 2020). "China launches Ziyuan Earth observation and lobster eye X-ray astronomy satellites". SpaceNews. Retrieved 25 July 2020.
  185. ^ "NASA Invites Media to Launch of Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover". NASA (Press release). 3 June 2020. Archived from the original on 24 December 2022. Retrieved 4 June 2020.
  186. ^ Clark, Stephen (30 July 2020). "NASA's Perseverance rover leaves Earth bound for Mars". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 28 November 2022. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  187. ^ Gebhardt, Chris (18 February 2021). "NASA, Perseverance in epicly successful entry, descent, and landing at Jezero Crater, Mars". NASASpaceFlight. Archived from the original on 14 December 2022. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
  188. ^ Clark, Stephen (30 July 2020). "Proton rocket lifts off with two Russian Express comsats". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 26 September 2022. Retrieved 31 July 2020.
  189. ^ Barbosa, Rui C. (6 August 2020). "Chinese Long March 2D's 50th launch lofts latest Gaofen-9 satellite". NASASpaceFlight. Archived from the original on 18 November 2022. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
  190. ^ "长征二号丁 • 高分九号04星、清华重力与大气科学卫星" [Long March 2D • Gaofen-9 04, Tsinghua Gravity and Atmospheric Science Satellite]. spaceflightfans.cn (in Chinese). 6 August 2020. Archived from the original on 22 January 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
  191. ^ Jones, Andrew (6 August 2020). "China launches 2 satellites from desert launch site". Space.com. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 10 August 2020.
  192. ^ Krebs, Gunter (18 August 2020). "BlackSky Global 1, ..., 60". Gunter's Space Page. Archived from the original on 28 February 2023. Retrieved 27 August 2020.
  193. ^ Sorensen, Jodi (17 June 2020). "Spaceflight to Launch Its First Rideshare Payloads on a SpaceX Starlink Mission" (Press release). Spaceflight Industries. Archived from the original on 28 February 2023. Retrieved 17 June 2020.
  194. ^ Clark, Stephen (7 August 2020). "SpaceX closes out busy week with launch of more Starlink satellites". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 6 December 2022. Retrieved 7 August 2020.
  195. ^ "GLOBAL-7". N2YO.com. 23 October 2023. Retrieved 2 December 2023.
  196. ^ Rainbow, Jason (12 April 2021). "MEV-2 servicer successfully docks to live Intelsat satellite". SpaceNews. Retrieved 13 April 2021.
  197. ^ Clark, Stephen (15 August 2020). "Debuting upgrades, Ariane 5 rocket deploys three U.S.-built satellites in orbit". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 4 January 2023. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
  198. ^ Clark, Stephen (18 August 2020). "SpaceX adds more satellites to ever-growing Starlink network". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 18 August 2020.
  199. ^ Van Ryswyk, Martin (9 June 2020). "Planet's New Rapid Revisit Platform To Capture Up To 12 Images Per Day" (Press release). Planet Labs. Archived from the original on 6 October 2022. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
  200. ^ "SKYSAT C18". N2YO.com. 26 June 2023. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
  201. ^ Barbosa, Rui C. (23 August 2020). "Long March 2D lofts Gaofen-9 (05)". NASASpaceFlight. Archived from the original on 7 December 2022. Retrieved 24 August 2020.
  202. ^ "长征二号丁 • 高分九号05星 • Long March 2D • Gaofen-9E". spaceflightfans.cn (in Chinese). 21 August 2020. Archived from the original on 12 July 2021. Retrieved 22 August 2020.
  203. ^ Clark, Stephen (31 August 2020). "SpaceX launches first polar orbit mission from Florida in decades". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 24 December 2022. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
  204. ^ a b Jewett, Rachel (23 February 2021). "Hughes Jupiter 3 Launch Slips to Second Half 2022". Via Satellite. Archived from the original on 8 December 2022. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
  205. ^ a b Werner, Debra (23 February 2021). "EchoStar reports Jupiter-3 delay and nanosatellite failures". SpaceNews. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
  206. ^ Krebs, Gunter (16 November 2020). "GNOMES 1, ..., 20". Gunter's Space Page. Archived from the original on 17 December 2022. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  207. ^ Clark, Stephen (31 August 2020). "Rocket Lab returns to service with successful launch for Capella". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 16 February 2023. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
  208. ^ "CAPELLA-2 (SEQUOIA)". N2YO.com. 28 February 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
  209. ^ Grush, Loren (3 September 2020). "Rocket Lab secretly launched its own company-made satellite on latest flight". The Verge. Archived from the original on 11 August 2022. Retrieved 3 September 2020.
  210. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Launch Kit VV16 SSMS PoC Flight" (PDF). Arianespace. 27 August 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 August 2022. Retrieved 27 August 2020.
  211. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Carmelli, F. (3–8 August 2019). The first Vega ride-share mission flight. 33rd Annual AIAA/USU Conference on Small Satellites. Logan, Utah: Utah State University. Archived from the original on 31 July 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
  212. ^ "D-Orbit mission updates". D-Orbit. 28 October 2020. Archived from the original on 13 October 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  213. ^ Kanayama, Lee (1 June 2020). "Arianespace return to Vega launch preparations following two month pause". NASASpaceFlight. Archived from the original on 5 December 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
  214. ^ "First Slovenian satellites expectedly to be launched in June". Slovenian Press Agency. 6 May 2020. Archived from the original on 23 May 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
  215. ^ a b Senoble, Lola (11 June 2020). "Monaco's first nanosatellite soon to launch into space". Monaco Tribune. Archived from the original on 2 July 2022. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
  216. ^ "США потеряли два спутника при запуске с Куру, сообщил источник" [US lost two satellites on launch from Kourou, source says]. RIA Novosti (in Russian). 9 October 2020. Archived from the original on 31 December 2021. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  217. ^ Clark, Stephen (3 September 2020). "Vega rocket deploys 53 satellites on successful return to flight mission". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 19 October 2022. Retrieved 3 September 2020.
  218. ^ "With Vega, Arianespace successfully performs the first European mission to launch multiple small satellites". Arianespace (Press release). 3 September 2020. Archived from the original on 12 December 2022. Retrieved 3 September 2020.
  219. ^ "D-Orbit announces successful ORIGIN mission". SpaceDaily. 29 October 2020. Archived from the original on 3 January 2023. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  220. ^ Brodkin, Jon (23 July 2018). "Facebook follows SpaceX and OneWeb into high-speed satellite broadband". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on 3 December 2022. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
  221. ^ "GHGSat-C1 – Iris – GHGSat's second greenhouse gas emissions monitoring satellite". GHGSat. 16 June 2020. Archived from the original on 11 May 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2020.
  222. ^ a b Krebs, Gunter (12 June 2020). "ÑuSat 1, ..., 98 (Aleph-1 1, ..., 98)". Gunter's Space Page. Archived from the original on 3 December 2022. Retrieved 15 July 2020.
  223. ^ Safyan, Mike (13 February 2020). "Planet's First Launch Of 2020: 26 SuperDoves On A Vega" (Press release). Planet Labs. Archived from the original on 9 December 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
  224. ^ Krebs, Gunter (13 February 2020). "FSSCAT A, B (3Cat 5A, 5B)". Gunter's Space Page. Archived from the original on 21 December 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
  225. ^ Werner, Debra (17 June 2020). "Cubesat built in Monaco reveals new partnership approach". SpaceNews. Retrieved 17 June 2020.
  226. ^ Krebs, Gunter (13 February 2020). "NAPA 1, 2 (RTAF-SAT 1, 2)". Gunter's Space Page. Archived from the original on 17 December 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
  227. ^ Clark, Stephen (3 September 2020). "SpaceX launches more Starlink satellites, beta testing well underway". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 28 February 2023. Retrieved 3 September 2020.
  228. ^ Jones, Andrew (4 September 2020). "China carries out secretive launch of 'reusable experimental spacecraft'". SpaceNews. Retrieved 4 September 2020.
  229. ^ "Возвращаемый экспериментальный корабль" [Reusable experimental spacecraft] (in Russian). Novosti Kosmonavtiki. 4 September 2020. Archived from the original on 30 November 2022. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
  230. ^ McDowell, Jonathan [@planet4589] (6 September 2020). "Recap on 2020-063 launch: All data *consistent* with an experimental X-37-style spaceplane launch from Jiuquan at 07:30 UTC, 4 September 2020 and landing on runway 05 at Lop Nor at 02:00 UTC, 6 September 2020, after two days in a 331 x 347 km x 50.2° orbit and jettison of one object prior to deorbit" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 30 December 2021. Retrieved 7 September 2020 – via Twitter.
  231. ^ Jones, Andrew (7 September 2020). "Chinese reusable experimental spacecraft releases object before returning to Earth". SpaceNews. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
  232. ^ Barbosa, Rui C. (7 September 2020). "Long March 4B lofts Gaofen-11 (02)". NASASpaceFlight. Archived from the original on 31 July 2022. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
  233. ^ "长征四号乙 • 高分十一号02星 • Long March 4B • Gaofen-11B". spaceflightfans.cn (in Chinese). 7 September 2020. Archived from the original on 28 July 2021. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
  234. ^ Sheetz, Michael (5 April 2020). "Rocket startup Astra trims staff to survive pandemic until next year". CNBC. Archived from the original on 9 March 2023. Retrieved 7 April 2020.
  235. ^ Clark, Stephen (24 March 2020). "Astra suffers "anomaly" during pre-launch test in Alaska". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 23 December 2022. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
  236. ^ Clark, Stephen (12 September 2020). "Astra launch falters during first stage burn". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 24 September 2022. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  237. ^ "Rocket 3.1 Launch Press Kit" (PDF). Astra. 31 August 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 August 2022. Retrieved 10 September 2020.
  238. ^ Clark, Stephen (12 September 2020). "Chinese smallsat launcher fails". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  239. ^ "快舟一号甲 • 吉林一号遥感卫星星座 • 高分02-C星 • Kuaizhou-1A • Jilin-1 (Gaofen 02-C)". spaceflightfans.cn (in Chinese). 11 September 2020. Archived from the original on 28 July 2021. Retrieved 11 September 2020.
  240. ^ Clark, Stephen (17 September 2020). "China successfully launches satellites from ocean-going platform". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 18 September 2020.
  241. ^ Barbosa, Rui C. (21 September 2020). "Long March 4B launches new ocean observation satellite". NASASpaceFlight. Archived from the original on 3 November 2022. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
  242. ^ "长征四号乙 • 海洋二号03星" [Long March 4B • HaiYang 2C]. spaceflightfans.cn (in Chinese). 21 September 2020. Archived from the original on 13 July 2021. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
  243. ^ Barbosa, Rui C. (27 September 2020). "Surprise Chinese launch lofts Huanjing duo". Archived from the original on 8 December 2022. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
  244. ^ Gebhardt, Chris (28 September 2020). "Russia launches 3 Gonets communication satellites, 18 international smallsats". NASASpaceFlight. Archived from the original on 7 December 2022. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
  245. ^ a b c d e f Krebs, Gunter (30 April 2020). "Gonets-M". Gunter's Space Page. Archived from the original on 27 October 2022. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
  246. ^ a b c d e f g h "Военную космическую инфраструктуру будут использовать для запуска гражданских спутников" [Military space infrastructure will be used to launch civilian satellites] (in Russian). Vestnik GLONASS. 14 September 2020. Archived from the original on 30 December 2021. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
  247. ^ Jewett, Rachel (8 September 2020). "Exolaunch to Deliver SALSAT into Orbit for German University". Satellite Today. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
  248. ^ Werner, Debra (19 August 2020). "Kepler signs launch agreement with Exolaunch". SpaceNews. Retrieved 20 August 2020.
  249. ^ Henry, Caleb (13 August 2019). "Lacuna Space aims to ride IoT wave with a 32-cubesat constellation". SpaceNews. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
  250. ^ "MeznSat satellite - a new Emirati achievement in space sector". Emirates News Agency - WAM. 13 September 2020. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
  251. ^ "Self-Organizing Smallsats to Form the First 3D Formation". SatNews. 27 May 2020. Archived from the original on 20 March 2022. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
  252. ^ a b "Осуществлен успешный запуск МКА Московского университета "Декарт"!" [Moscow State University satellite "Descartes" has been successfully launched!] (in Russian). Moscow State University. 5 October 2020. Archived from the original on 19 May 2022. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
  253. ^ "Russia plans to launch Yarilo mission in 2020 to study the Sun". TASS. 3 September 2019. Archived from the original on 27 January 2021. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
  254. ^ Keeter, Bill (5 November 2020). "ISS Daily Summary Report". NASA. Archived from the original on 13 January 2022. Retrieved 9 November 2020.
  255. ^ Clark, Stephen (3 October 2020). "Antares rocket takes aim on space station with zero-gravity toilet, other supplies". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 24 September 2022. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
  256. ^ Pearlman, Robert Z. (9 September 2020). "Cargo spacecraft named for fallen NASA astronaut Kalpana Chawla". Space.com. Archived from the original on 30 November 2022. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
  257. ^ "Cygnus NG-14 Mission Page". Northrop Grumman. 26 January 2021. Archived from the original on 1 December 2022. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
  258. ^ "BOBCAT-1". N2YO.com. 9 April 2022. Archived from the original on 15 February 2023. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
  259. ^ "DESCENT". N2YO.com. 19 June 2022. Archived from the original on 15 February 2023. Retrieved 9 July 2022.
  260. ^ "LEMUR 2 BAXTER-OLIVER". N2YO.com. 20 December 2021. Archived from the original on 15 February 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2021.
  261. ^ "The Australian Office of National Intelligence Partners with Spire for first Supercomputing Satellite". Spire Global (Press release). GlobeNewswire. 14 October 2020. Archived from the original on 18 January 2021. Retrieved 9 November 2020.
  262. ^ "NEUTRON-1". N2YO.com. 25 June 2022. Archived from the original on 15 February 2023. Retrieved 9 July 2022.
  263. ^ Ronen, Rony (11 October 2020). "SATLLA-1 Reached ISS". Ariel University. Archived from the original on 6 October 2022. Retrieved 9 November 2020.
  264. ^ "SPOC". N2YO.com. 25 June 2022. Archived from the original on 15 February 2023. Retrieved 9 July 2022.
  265. ^ Clark, Stephen (6 October 2020). "SpaceX breaks cycle of scrubs with successful Falcon 9 launch". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 29 November 2022. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
  266. ^ Barbosa, Rui C. (11 October 2020). "Long March 3B lofts Gaofen-13". NASASpaceFlight. Archived from the original on 23 December 2022. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
  267. ^ "长征三号乙 • 高分十三号 • Long March 3B • Gaofen-13". spaceflightfans.cn (in Chinese). 6 October 2020. Archived from the original on 12 February 2021. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  268. ^ Krebs, Gunter (11 October 2020). "CZ-3B/G3 (Chang Zheng-3B/G3)". Gunter's Space Page. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
  269. ^ Harwood, William (14 October 2020). "Soyuz crew docks with International Space Station". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 22 January 2023. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
  270. ^ "NASA Astronaut Kate Rubins, Crewmates Return Safely to Earth". NASA (Press release). 16 April 2021. Archived from the original on 8 August 2022. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
  271. ^ Clark, Stephen (18 October 2020). "SpaceX launches another batch of Starlink satellites". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 26 September 2022. Retrieved 19 October 2020.
  272. ^ Clark, Stephen (24 October 2020). "SpaceX adds another 60 satellites to Starlink network". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 6 December 2022. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  273. ^ "Новейший "Глонасс-К" сменит вышедший из строя аппарат, рассказал источник" [Newest Glonass-K to replace failed satellite, source says]. RIA Novosti (in Russian). 26 December 2020. Archived from the original on 28 November 2022. Retrieved 27 December 2020.
  274. ^ Graham, William (25 October 2020). "Russia launches Soyuz with next-generation navigation satellite". NASASpaceFlight. Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
  275. ^ Clark, Stephen (26 October 2020). "Russia launches Glonass navigation satellite". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
  276. ^ "Источник рассказал о первом за шесть лет запуске спутника "Глонасс"" [Source discusses first Glonass-K launch in six years] (in Russian). RIA Novosti. 6 July 2020. Archived from the original on 15 May 2022. Retrieved 6 July 2020.
  277. ^ Barbosa, Rui C. (26 October 2020). "China launches new Yaogan-30 group of military satellites". NASASpaceFlight. Archived from the original on 31 July 2022. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
  278. ^ Clark, Stephen (28 October 2020). "Rocket Lab successfully launches satellites for Planet and Canon". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 6 December 2022. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
  279. ^ "In Focus". Rocket Lab. 28 October 2020. Archived from the original on 25 January 2023. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
  280. ^ Clark, Stephen (6 November 2020). "SpaceX launches GPS navigation satellite from Cape Canaveral". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 1 January 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
  281. ^ Barbosa, Rui C. (6 November 2020). "Long March 6 lofts ten Argentinian satellites". NASASpaceFlight. Archived from the original on 3 December 2022. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
  282. ^ "长征六号 • ÑuSat 09-18 (一箭十星组网任务) • Long March 6 • ÑuSat 09-18". spaceflightfans.cn (in Chinese). 13 October 2020. Archived from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 22 October 2020.
  283. ^ a b Jones, Andrew (6 November 2020). "China launches 13 satellites on a single Long March 6 rocket". Space.com. Archived from the original on 12 December 2022. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
  284. ^ Werner, Debra (6 November 2020). "Spacety launches satellite to test ThrustMe iodine electric propulsion and constellation technologies". SpaceNews. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
  285. ^ Jones, Andrew (7 November 2020). "Chinese rocket firm Galactic Energy succeeds with first orbital launch, secures funding". SpaceNews. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
  286. ^ "谷神星一号运载火箭 • 天启星座十一星（一颗） • 星河动力公司首次轨道发射 • 中国民营首次入轨SSO • 首飞成功" [Ceres 1 carrier rocket • Tianqi-11 satellite • Galactic Energy's first orbital launch • First Chinese privately operated launch to SSO • Successful first flight]. spaceflightfans.cn (in Chinese). 7 November 2020. Archived from the original on 16 November 2020. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
  287. ^ Clark, Stephen (7 November 2020). "Indian PSLV deploys 10 satellites in first launch since start of pandemic". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 6 December 2022. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
  288. ^ "PSLV-C49/EOS-01". ISRO. 28 October 2020. Archived from the original on 26 November 2020. Retrieved 7 November 2020.
  289. ^ Krebs, Gunter (7 November 2020). "RISAT 2B, 2BR1, 2BR2 (EOS 01)". Gunter's Space Page. Archived from the original on 29 November 2022. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
  290. ^ Kadib, Charbel (14 September 2020). "Kleos Space issues Scouting Mission update amid COVID delays". Space Connect. Archived from the original on 6 March 2023. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
  291. ^ Krebs, Gunter (26 October 2020). "M6P 1, 2". Gunter's Space Page. Archived from the original on 29 November 2022. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
  292. ^ Barbosa, Rui C. (12 November 2020). "Long March 3B lofts second Tiantong-1 spacecraft". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 12 November 2020.
  293. ^ "长征三号乙 • 天通一号02星 • Long March 3B • Tiantong-1-02 • 发射成功 [Successful launch]". spaceflightfans.cn (in Chinese). 23 October 2020. Archived from the original on 27 April 2021. Retrieved 12 November 2020.
  294. ^ Clark, Stephen (14 November 2020). "ULA declares success on Atlas 5 launch with new solid rocket boosters". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 2 December 2022. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
  295. ^ Bartels, Meghan (26 May 2020). "SpaceX's 1st astronaut launch will be a 'unique moment' for America, NASA chief says". Space.com. Archived from the original on 16 February 2023. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  296. ^ Clark, Stephen (16 November 2020). "Astronauts fly with SpaceX in landmark launch for commercial spaceflight". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 27 September 2022. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  297. ^ Clark, Stephen (17 November 2020). "Arianespace traces cause of Vega launch failure to 'human error'". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 7 December 2022. Retrieved 20 November 2020.
  298. ^ Clark, Stephen (17 November 2020). "European Vega rocket suffers second failure in three launches". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 4 December 2022. Retrieved 20 November 2020.
  299. ^ "VV17 Launch Kit" (PDF). Arianespace. 10 November 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 February 2022. Retrieved 12 November 2020.
  300. ^ Werner, Debra (5 August 2019). "TriSept, Millennium, Tethers Unlimited and Rocket Lab to demonstrate de-orbit technology". SpaceNews. Retrieved 9 August 2019.
  301. ^ Krebs, Gunter (10 May 2020). "Dragracer A, B". Gunter's Space Page. Archived from the original on 21 December 2022. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
  302. ^ Gohd, Chelsea (8 August 2020). "Experimental DragRacer satellites will test 'Terminator Tape' for space junk cleanup this fall". Space.com. Archived from the original on 1 November 2022. Retrieved 8 August 2020.
  303. ^ McDowell, Jonathan [@planet4589] (20 July 2021). "The DRAGRACER experiment launched in Nov 2020 involved two near identical sats, Alchemy and Augury. Alchemy deployed a 30 metre tether to increase drag, and reentered Jul 19. Augury, with no tether, remains close to its original orbit" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 20 July 2021 – via Twitter.
  304. ^ Clark, Stephen (20 November 2020). "Rocket Lab recovers booster after launch with 30 small satellites". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 7 October 2022. Retrieved 21 November 2020.
  305. ^ Keall, Chris (29 November 2020). "Auckland, we have a problem: Student satellite lost in space". The New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  306. ^ Krebs, Gunter (5 December 2020). "Landmapper-BC 1, ..., 12 (Corvus-BC 1, ..., 12)". Gunter's Space Page. Archived from the original on 28 November 2022. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  307. ^ "Launches of November 2020". N2YO.com. Archived from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
  308. ^ Campbell, Ian Carlos (2 November 2020). "Valve's Gabe Newell is sending a gnome to space". The Verge. Archived from the original on 27 November 2022. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
  309. ^ Clark, Stephen (21 November 2020). "International satellite launches to extend measurements of sea level rise". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 1 October 2022. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
  310. ^ Jones, Andrew (21 December 2020). "Chang'e-5 orbiter embarks on extended mission to Sun-Earth Lagrange point". SpaceNews. Retrieved 22 December 2020.
  311. ^ Burghardt, Thomas (23 November 2020). "China launches world's first lunar sample return mission since 1976". NASASpaceFlight. Archived from the original on 14 August 2022. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
  312. ^ Clark, Stephen (25 November 2020). "SpaceX launches 60 more Starlink satellites on 100th Falcon 9 flight". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 7 March 2023. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
  313. ^ Jones, Andrew (29 November 2020). "Japan launches JDRS-1 optical data relay satellite for military, civilian use". SpaceNews. Retrieved 29 November 2020.
  314. ^ Graham, William (28 November 2020). "Japan launches joint military, scientific optical data relay satellite". NASASpaceFlight. Archived from the original on 18 November 2022. Retrieved 29 November 2020.
  315. ^ "光衛星間通信システム (LUCAS)" [Optical satellite communication system (LUCAS)]. JAXA (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  316. ^ Clark, Stephen (2 December 2020). "Soyuz rocket launches Emirati military satellite after lengthy delay". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
  317. ^ Gebhardt, Chris (2 December 2020). "Soyuz 2's 110th mission launches three civilian communication satellites". NASASpaceFlight. Archived from the original on 5 January 2021. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  318. ^ Zak, Anatoly (2 December 2020). "Soyuz launches Gonets trio, secret cargo". RussianSpaceWeb. Archived from the original on 22 October 2022. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  319. ^ Clark, Stephen (3 December 2020). "Soyuz rocket lifts off from Plesetsk with Russian relay satellites". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 30 November 2022. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  320. ^ Barbosa, Rui C. (5 December 2020). "First Long March 3B launch with extended G5 fairing lofts Gaofen-14". NASASpaceflight. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  321. ^ "长征三号乙 • 高分十四号 • Long March 3B • Gaofen-14 • 型号首飞取得圆满成功 [Successful first flight of this rocket variant]". spaceflightfans.cn (in Chinese). 22 November 2020. Archived from the original on 17 May 2021. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  322. ^ Clark, Stephen (6 December 2020). "SpaceX launches first in new line of upgraded space station cargo ships". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 14 December 2022. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  323. ^ Clark, Stephen (10 December 2020). "China launches two small satellites for gravitational wave research". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 1 December 2022. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
  324. ^ "长征十一号 • 引力波暴高能电磁对应体全天监测器双星 • 中科院空间科学战略先导科技专项（二期）首发星 • Long March-11 • Gravitational wave high-energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor • 任务成功 [Mission success]". spaceflightfans.cn (in Chinese). 15 November 2020. Archived from the original on 23 January 2021. Retrieved 10 December 2020.
  325. ^ Fan, Quanlin (25 March 2019). Current and Future Space Science Missions in China: Gravitational wave high-energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor (GECAM) (PDF). UN/Jordan Workshop: Global Partnership in Space Exploration and Innovation. Amman, Jordan: UNOOSA. p. 17. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 May 2022. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
  326. ^ Thompson, Amy (11 December 2020). "Powerful Delta IV Heavy rocket launches secret US spy satellite to orbit". Space.com. Archived from the original on 17 January 2023. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
  327. ^ Krebs, Gunter (29 August 2020). "Orion 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12". Gunter's Space Page. Archived from the original on 22 January 2023. Retrieved 18 September 2020.
  328. ^ Sheetz, Michael (27 January 2021). "Sirius XM's latest satellite, built by Maxar and launched by SpaceX, suffers failure in orbit". CNBC. Archived from the original on 27 January 2023.
  329. ^ Clark, Stephen (13 December 2020). "SiriusXM satellite rides SpaceX rocket into orbit". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 7 March 2023. Retrieved 13 December 2020.
  330. ^ Krebs, Gunter (13 December 2020). "SXM 7, 8". Gunter's Space Page. Archived from the original on 28 February 2023. Retrieved 13 December 2020.
  331. ^ Zak, Anatoly (3 October 2020). "Second mission of the Angara-5 rocket". RussianSpaceWeb. Archived from the original on 1 November 2022. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
  332. ^ Graham, William (14 December 2020). "Russia resumes Angara test flights with third mission". NASASpaceFlight. Archived from the original on 23 December 2022. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
  333. ^ Krebs, Gunter (14 December 2020). "IPM". Gunter's Space Page. Archived from the original on 6 January 2023. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
  334. ^ "Rocket Lab Signs Record Deal for 10 Electron Launches with Synspective". Rocket Lab (Press release). 17 June 2024. Retrieved 4 August 2024. Rocket Lab has been the sole launch provider for Synspective's StriX constellation to date, successfully deploying four StriX satellites across four dedicated Electron launches. In addition to the 10 new dedicated launches signed today, another two launches for Synspective have already been booked and are scheduled for launch this year from Launch Complex 1 in New Zealand.
  335. ^ Clark, Stephen (15 December 2020). "Rocket Lab closes out year with launch of Synspective's first radar satellite". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 1 October 2022. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  336. ^ Etherington, Darrell (15 December 2020). "Launch startup Astra's rocket reaches space". TechCrunch. Archived from the original on 18 December 2022. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  337. ^ Burghardt, Thomas (15 December 2020). "Astra succeeds in reaching space with Rocket 3.2". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  338. ^ "Rocket 3.2 Ready To Launch". Astra. 11 December 2020. Archived from the original on 11 January 2023. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
  339. ^ Clark, Stephen (17 December 2020). "PSLV delivers Indian communications satellite into orbit". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 27 September 2022. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
  340. ^ "PSLV-C50/CMS-01". ISRO. 11 December 2020. Archived from the original on 3 January 2021. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
  341. ^ Krebs, Gunter. "PSLV". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 1 November 2019.
  342. ^ Clark, Stephen (18 December 2020). "OneWeb resumes deployment of 650-satellite broadband network". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 1 December 2022. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
  343. ^ "Flight ST29: Successful OneWeb constellation's satellites deployment with Arianespace's first mission from the Vostochny Cosmodrome" (Press release). Arianespace. 18 December 2020. Archived from the original on 8 December 2022. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
  344. ^ "Exclusive: Musk's SpaceX is building spy satellite network for US intelligence agency, sources say". Reuters. 16 March 2023.
  345. ^ Krebs, Gunter (21 December 2020). "USA 312, 313 (NROL 108)". Gunter's Space Page. Archived from the original on 28 November 2022. Retrieved 21 December 2020.
  346. ^ Clark, Stephen (19 December 2020). "SpaceX closes out record-setting year of launches from Florida's Space Coast". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 27 November 2022. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
  347. ^ "长征八号首飞任务 • 新技术验证七号等五星• Long March 8 Demonstration Launch • XJS-7 • 首飞任务取得圆满成功 [First flight complete success]". spaceflightfans.cn (in Chinese). 22 December 2020. Archived from the original on 28 February 2021. Retrieved 22 December 2020.
  348. ^ Jones, Andrew (22 December 2020). "China launches first Long March 8 from Wenchang spaceport". SpaceNews. Retrieved 22 December 2020.
  349. ^ Barbosa, Rui C. (22 December 2020). "Long March 8 – a future reusable rocket – conducts debut launch". NASASpaceFlight. Archived from the original on 5 October 2022. Retrieved 22 December 2020.
  350. ^ Krebs, Gunter. "CZ-8 (Chang Zheng-8)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 25 July 2018.
  351. ^ "Imagery from Hisea-1 SAR Satellite Unveiled". Spacety. 4 January 2021. Archived from the original on 19 December 2022. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
  352. ^ Ibeh, Joseph (2 October 2020). "ESSTI Confirms Launch Details of ET-SMART-RSS Satellite, Built In Collaboration With Chinese Partner". Space in Africa. Archived from the original on 2 December 2022. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
  353. ^ Barbosa, Rui C. (27 December 2020). "Long March 4C lofting of Yaogan Weixing-33 concludes China's 2020 launch campaign". NASASpaceFlight. Archived from the original on 29 November 2022. Retrieved 27 December 2020.
  354. ^ Clark, Stephen (29 December 2020). "French military surveillance satellite launched by Soyuz rocket". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
  355. ^ "Flight VS25: Arianespace orbits the CSO-2 military observation satellite for France". Arianespace (Press release). 29 December 2020. Archived from the original on 14 February 2022. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
  356. ^ 観測ロケットS-310-45号機 打上げ結果について [Observation Rocket S-310-45 Launch Results] (in Japanese). 9 January 2020. Archived from the original on 26 June 2022. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
  357. ^ Peri, Dinakar (19 January 2020). "India successfully test-fires 3,500-km range submarine-launched ballistic missile K-4". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 27 October 2022. Retrieved 11 February 2020.
  358. ^ Amos, Jonathan (19 January 2020). "SpaceX completes emergency crew escape manoeuvre". BBC. Archived from the original on 4 December 2022. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
  359. ^ Clark, Stephen (20 April 2019). "SpaceX confirms anomaly during Crew Dragon abort engine test". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 23 December 2022. Retrieved 28 June 2019.
  360. ^ Gebhardt, Chris (11 August 2017). "SpaceX and Boeing in home stretch for Commercial Crew readiness". NASASpaceFlight.com. Archived from the original on 28 February 2023. Retrieved 17 August 2017.
  361. ^ Clark, Stephen (9 August 2018). "NASA signs off on SpaceX's "load-and-go" procedure for crew launches". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 23 December 2022. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
  362. ^ Thompson, Amy (19 January 2020). "SpaceX aces Crew Dragon launch abort test, destroys rocket on purpose". Space.com. Archived from the original on 3 February 2023. Retrieved 4 June 2020.
  363. ^ "India successfully test-fires K-4 submarine-launched nuclear capable missile". The Economic Times. PTI. 24 January 2020. Archived from the original on 8 December 2022. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
  364. ^ Koehler, Keith (27 January 2020). "NASA Sounding Rocket Observing Nitric Oxide in Polar Night". NASA. Archived from the original on 23 December 2022. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
  365. ^ "Air Force Global Strike tests Minuteman III missile with launch from Vandenberg". spaceforce.mil. United States Space Force. Archived from the original on 9 December 2022. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
  366. ^ "USS Maine Successfully Tests Trident II D5LE Missile" (Press release). United States Navy. 12 February 2020. Archived from the original on 27 March 2022. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
  367. ^ "USS Maine Successfully Tests Second Trident II D5LE Missile" (Press release). United States Navy. 16 February 2020. Archived from the original on 27 March 2022. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
  368. ^ "SPIDER-2 successfully launched into the aurora". Esrange. Swedish Space Corporation. 20 February 2020. Archived from the original on 28 November 2022. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
  369. ^ "SPIDER 2". Swedish Space Corporation. 28 October 2019. Retrieved 30 June 2024.
  370. ^ Kingston Reif; Shannon Bugos (April 2020). "Pentagon Tests Hypersonic Glide Body". Arms Control Today. Arms Control Association. Archived from the original on 17 October 2022.
  371. ^ "Russia Conducts Anti-satellite Weapon Test". 16 April 2020. Archived from the original on 4 February 2023.
  372. ^ Vavasseur, Xavier (12 June 2020). "French Navy SSBN 'Le Téméraire' Test Fired M51 SLBM in Operational Conditions". Naval News. Archived from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
  373. ^ a b Malik, Tariq (15 June 2020). "Japan's Interstellar Technologies fails to reach space with private rocket launch". Space.com. Archived from the original on 26 December 2022. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
  374. ^ "Minuteman III launches from Vandenberg". Air Force Nuclear Weapons Center (Press release). Vandenberg Space Force Base: United States Air Force. 4 August 2020. Archived from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
  375. ^ "Arrow 2 missile-defense system successfully tested in joint US-Israel exercise". Jewish News Syndicate. 13 August 2020. Archived from the original on 1 January 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
  376. ^ O'Callaghan, Jonathan (18 August 2020). "Skyrora Rocket Launch From Iceland Reaches Three Times The Height Of Mount Everest". Forbes. Archived from the original on 11 January 2023. Retrieved 20 August 2020.
  377. ^ @Skyrora (16 August 2020). "We have lift off! Skylark Micro Launch I has successfully been launched. Our tech team are now working on launch recovery. More photos and videos to follow!" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 8 January 2022 – via Twitter.
  378. ^ "Test launch demonstrates safe, ready Minuteman III deterrent" (Press release). Barksdale Air Force Base: United States Air Force. 2 September 2020. Archived from the original on 3 February 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
  379. ^ Hatfield, Miles (8 September 2020). "With DUST-2 Launch, NASA's Sounding Rocket Program is Back on the Range". NASA. Archived from the original on 23 December 2022. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
  380. ^ Grush, Loren (13 October 2020). "Blue Origin launches and lands a New Shepard rocket on its seventh trip to space". The Verge. Archived from the original on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
  381. ^ @SealandGov (13 November 2020). "Sealand stamps blasted into space!🚀 We are proud to have knighted Sir Jacob Ritzke for his pioneering efforts in achieving this milestone. Thanks to @blueorigin for the space in their rocket! #earthneedsspace #emarelibertas #space #rocket #pioneer #knights #numismatics #Stamps" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 26 November 2022. Retrieved 9 November 2021 – via Twitter.
  382. ^ "MINUTEMAN III TEST LAUNCH DEMONSTRATES SAFE, RELIABLE DETERRENT". Archived from the original on 11 March 2023.
  383. ^ @roketsan (12 November 2020). "🚀🇹🇷Cumhurbaşkanımız Sn. @RTErdogan'ın vizyonları; @Savunmasanayii öncülüğünde yürüttüğümüz çalışmalar kapsamında, yerli ve milli teknolojilerle ürettiğimiz Sonda Roketi 29 Ekim'de uzay sınırını aştı! Dualarını ve güvenini bizlerden esirgemeyen Aziz Türk Milletine saygılarımızla!" [Our President Mr. @RTErdogan's visions; As part of our work under the leadership of @Savunmasanayii, the Probe Rocket we produced with domestic and national technologies crossed the space limit on October 29! With our respect to the Dear Turkish Nation, who did not withhold their prayers and trust from us!] (Tweet) (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 28 March 2022 – via Twitter.
  384. ^ "Sounding Rocket to See What Keeps Intergalactic Space Sizzling". 28 October 2020. Archived from the original on 19 November 2022.
  385. ^ a b "U.S. successfully conducts SM-3 Block IIA Intercept Test against an Intercontinental Ballistic Missile Target". Archived from the original on 10 January 2023.
  386. ^ a b "SM-3 Block IIA Set For First Ever ICBM Intercept Test". 24 February 2020. Archived from the original on 4 October 2022.
  387. ^ a b "Russia Military Shows Off Nuclear Forces with Air, Land and Sea Missile Launches". Newsweek. 9 December 2020. Archived from the original on 25 December 2022.
  388. ^ "Russia conducts drills of its strategic nuclear forces". Associated Press. 14 May 2021. Archived from the original on 15 April 2021.
  389. ^ "The launch of the Yars ICBM from the Plesetsk cosmodrome was shot from different angles". 9 December 2020. Archived from the original on 6 December 2022.
  390. ^ Gebhardt, Chris; Burghardt, Thomas (12 December 2020). "VSS Unity aborts after engine start, safely lands with crew back at Spaceport America". NASASpaceFlight.com. Archived from the original on 21 August 2022. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  391. ^ "Virgin Galactic Flight Test Program Update – VSS Unity Preparing For First Rocket Powered Flight From New Mexico" (Press release). Las Cruces, New Mexico: Virgin Galactic. Archived from the original on 6 October 2022.
  392. ^ Isachenkov, Vladimir (12 December 2020). "Russian nuclear submarine test-fires 4 missiles". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 24 September 2022. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
  393. ^ "Russia has launched an anti-satellite missile test, US Space Command says". Space.com. 16 December 2020. Archived from the original on 16 February 2023.
  394. ^ "Chinese spacecraft takes off from moon with samples".
  395. ^ "If I heard correctly the mission director called out the takeoff time as 15:10:21.000 UTC".
  396. ^ Frazier, Sarah (23 January 2020). "Parker Solar Probe Prepares for New Science, New Records on Fourth Solar Orbit". Parker Solar Probe blog. NASA. Archived from the original on 30 September 2022. Retrieved 10 March 2023.
  397. ^ a b c d e f g "Mission Perijoves". Mission Juno. SWRI. Archived from the original on 10 March 2023. Retrieved 10 March 2023.
  398. ^ "BepiColombo takes last snaps of Earth en route to Mercury". ESA. 10 April 2020. Archived from the original on 5 December 2022. Retrieved 10 March 2023.
  399. ^ Frazier, Sarah (9 June 2020). "Parker Solar Probe Signals Successful Fifth Encounter of the Sun". Parker Solar Probe blog. NASA. Archived from the original on 8 December 2022. Retrieved 10 March 2023.
  400. ^ Frazier, Sarah (10 July 2020). "Parker Solar Probe Prepares for Third Venus Flyby". Parker Solar Probe blog. NASA. Archived from the original on 1 January 2023. Retrieved 10 March 2023.
  401. ^ Frazier, Sarah (30 September 2020). "Parker Solar Probe 'Phones Home' After Sixth Sun Flyby". Parker Solar Probe blog. NASA. Archived from the original on 26 December 2022. Retrieved 10 March 2023.
  402. ^ "BepiColombo's first Venus flyby". ESA. 10 September 2020. Archived from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 10 March 2023.
  403. ^ Garner, Rob (20 May 2020). "NASA's OSIRIS-REx Ready for Touchdown on Asteroid Bennu". Archived from the original on 11 December 2022. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  404. ^ @Cosmic_Penguin (29 November 2020). "Well well well...on Chinese social media this picture was leaked which shows all critical timings of Chang'e 5 around cis-lunar space! The timings were very close to the actual ones for the few things that happened already. Translation, clockwise from lower right in UTC" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 31 December 2021 – via Twitter.
  405. ^ Myers, Steven Lee; Chang, Kenneth (1 December 2020). "China Lands Chang'e-5 Spacecraft on Moon to Gather Lunar Rocks and Soil". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 15 December 2020. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  406. ^ Jones, Andrew (6 December 2020). "China's Chang'e 5 aces lunar orbit docking needed to bring moon samples home". Space.com. Archived from the original on 7 March 2023. Retrieved 10 March 2023.
  407. ^ "Joint Statement for Cooperation in the Hayabusa2 Sample Return Mission by the Australian Space Agency and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency" (Press release). JAXA. 14 July 2020. Archived from the original on 18 December 2022. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
  408. ^ a b c Wall, Mike (16 December 2020). "China's Chang'e 5 capsule lands on Earth with the 1st new moon samples in 44 years". Space.com. Archived from the original on 26 February 2023. Retrieved 10 March 2023.
  409. ^ "Solar Orbiter: Mission Operations". ESA. 12 February 2020. Archived from the original on 11 August 2022. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
  410. ^ Garcia, Mark (15 January 2020). "Astronauts Wrap Up First Spacewalk of 2020". NASA. Archived from the original on 15 January 2020. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  411. ^ Garcia, Mark (20 January 2020). "Meir, Koch Complete Battery Swaps to Upgrade Station Power Systems". NASA. Archived from the original on 24 January 2020. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  412. ^ Garcia, Mark (25 January 2020). "Astronauts Wrap Up Spacewalk Repair Job on Cosmic Ray Detector". NASA. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  413. ^ Lewis, Marie (26 June 2020). "Cassidy and Behnken Conclude Spacewalk to Replace Batteries". NASA. Retrieved 7 August 2020.Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  414. ^ Cawley, James (1 July 2020). "Cassidy and Behnken Wrap up Battery Spacewalk". NASA. Retrieved 7 August 2020.Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  415. ^ Sempsrott, Danielle (16 July 2020). "NASA Astronauts Conclude Today's Spacewalk". NASA. Retrieved 7 August 2020.
  416. ^ Heiney, Anna (21 July 2020). "NASA Behnken and Cassidy Conclude Ten Spacewalks Each". NASA. Retrieved 7 August 2020.
  417. ^ Garcia, Mark (18 November 2020). "Cosmonauts Wrap Up Spacewalk at Station". NASA. Archived from the original on 17 February 2022. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  418. ^ Talbert, Tricia (2 December 2020). "New Data Confirm 2020 SO to be 1960s Upper Centaur Rocket Booster". NASA. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
Generic references:

Spaceflight portal

Read other articles:

Ali Baal Masdar

Andi Ali Baal Masdar Gubernur Sulawesi Barat ke-2Masa jabatan12 Mei 2017 – 12 Mei 2022PresidenJoko WidodoWakilEnny Anggraeny Anwar PendahuluAnwar Adnan Saleh Carlo Brix Tewu (Pj.)PenggantiAkmal Malik (Pj.)Bupati Polewali Mandar ke-7Masa jabatan2004–2014PresidenMegawati Soekarnoputri Susilo Bambang YudhoyonoGubernurOentarto Sindung Mawardi (Pj.) Syamsul Arief Rivai (Pj.) Anwar Adnan SalehWakilM. Yusuf Tuali (2004–2008)Nadjamuddin Ibrahim (2009–2014) PendahuluHasyim Man...

 

Article 48 de la Constitution de la Cinquième République française

Cet article est une ébauche concernant le droit français. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Consultez la liste des tâches à accomplir en page de discussion. Article 48 de la Constitution du 4 octobre 1958 Données clés Présentation Pays France Langue(s) officielle(s) Français Type Article de la Constitution Adoption et entrée en vigueur Législature IIIe législature de la Quatrième Répub...

 

1996 Utah gubernatorial election

For related races, see 1996 United States gubernatorial elections. 1996 Utah gubernatorial election ← 1992 November 2, 1996 2000 →   Nominee Mike Leavitt Jim Bradley Party Republican Democratic Running mate Olene Walker Shari Holweg Popular vote 503,693 156,616 Percentage 74.97% 23.31% County results Leavitt:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      8...

Sébastien Gattuso

Cet article est une ébauche concernant le bobsleigh et un athlète monégasque. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Pour les articles homonymes, voir Gattuso. Sébastien Gattuso Contexte général Sport Athlétisme, Bobsleigh Biographie Nationalité sportive Monaco Nationalité Monaco Naissance 28 juin 1971 (52 ans) Lieu de naissance Menton, France Taille 1,82 m (6′ 0″) Poids de f...

 

Jamaica, Land We Love

National anthem of Jamaica Jamaica, Land We LoveNational anthem of JamaicaLyricsHugh Sherlock, July 1962[1]MusicRobert Lightbourne (arranged by Mapletoft Poulle), July 1962[1]Adopted19 July 1962 (1962-07-19)Audio sampleU.S. Navy Band instrumental version (one verse)filehelp Jamaica, Land We Love is the national anthem of Jamaica, officially adopted in July 1962. It was chosen after a competition from September 1961 to 31 March 1962, in which the lyrics of the na...

 

Wang Leehom

Dans ce nom chinois, le nom de famille, Wang, précède le nom personnel. Pour les articles homonymes, voir Wang (patronyme). Wang LeehomLeehom Wang au festival du film de Harbin en 2011.BiographieNaissance 17 mai 1976 (47 ans)Rochester, New York, États-UnisNom de naissance Alexander Leehom WangNationalités taïwanaiseaméricaineFormation Williams CollegeÉcole de musique EastmanPittsford Sutherland High School (en)Berklee College of MusicDominican International School (en)Activit...

Синелобый амазон

Синелобый амазон Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиБез ранга:Двусторонне-симметричныеБез ранга:ВторичноротыеТип:ХордовыеПодтип:ПозвоночныеИнфратип:ЧелюстноротыеНадкласс:ЧетвероногиеКлада:АмниотыКлада:ЗавропсидыКласс:Пт�...

 

Daftar Wakil Bupati Mempawah

Wakil Bupati MempawahPetahanaH. Muhammad Pagi, S.H.I., M.M.sejak 14 April 2019Masa jabatan5 tahunDibentuk1998Pejabat pertamaJ.F. Ahok, B.A.Situs webwww.mempawahkab.go.id Berikut ini adalah daftar Wakil Bupati Mempawah dari masa ke masa. No Wakil Bupati Mulai Jabatan Akhir Jabatan Prd. Ket. Bupati 1 J.F. AhokB.A. 1998 1999 1 [1] Drs. H.Henri Usman 1999 2001 2   Drs.Cornelis KimhaM.Si. 2 Drs.Abang Rusni Usha 2001 2004   3 Drs. H.Abang Rasmansyah 2004 2009 3   Drs. H....

 

Silver (Cliff Richard album)

1983 studio album by Cliff Richard SilverStudio album by Cliff RichardReleased3 October 1983 (1983-10-03)[1]RecordedMarch–August 1983[2]StudioStrawberry Recording Studios South, Mayfair Studios, AIR Studios, Abbey Road StudiosGenrePop, rock, rock and rollLabelEMIProducerCraig PruessTerry BrittenMike BattBruce WelchCliff Richard chronology Dressed for the Occasion(1983) Silver(1983) Walking in the Light(1984) Singles from Silver Never Say Die (Give a Li...

2017 Flint mayoral recall election

American local election 2017 Flint mayoral recall election ← 2015 November 7, 2017 2019 →   Candidate Karen Weaver Scott Kincaid Don Pfeiffer Party Nonpartisan Nonpartisan Nonpartisan Popular vote 7,709 4,671 894 Percentage 52.98% 32.10% 6.14% Mayor before election Karen Weaver Nonpartisan Elected Mayor Karen Weaver Nonpartisan The 2017 Flint mayoral recall election in Flint, Michigan was held on November 7, 2017, and resulted in incumbent mayor Karen Weaver be...

 

Tulle massacre

German mass killing in France, 1944 Tulle massacrePart of World War IILocationTulle, Corrèze, Limousin, FranceCoordinates45°16′02″N 1°45′56″E / 45.2672°N 1.7656°E / 45.2672; 1.7656Date9 June 1944Deaths117 killed, 7–9 June, 149 deported (of whom 101 died in Dachau)VictimsFrench civiliansPerpetrators Nazi Germany, 2nd SS Panzer Division Das Reich Tulleclass=notpageimage| Location of Tulle in France The Tulle massacre was the roundup and summary execut...

 

BIOS boot partition

Partition used by GNU GRUB on BIOS to boot an operating system with GUID Partition Table This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: BIOS boot partition – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this message) The BIOS boot partition is a partition on a data s...

Louella Parsons

American gossip columnist (1881–1972) Louella ParsonsParsons in 1937BornLouella Rose Oettinger(1881-08-06)August 6, 1881Freeport, Illinois, U.S.DiedDecember 9, 1972(1972-12-09) (aged 91)Santa Monica, California, U.S.Resting placeHoly Cross CemeteryOccupations Gossip columnist screenwriter Years active1902–1965Spouses John Dement Parsons ​ ​(m. 1905; div. 1914)​ John McCaffrey Jr. ​ ​(m. 1915; div.&#...

 

Alexander Rumyantsev (politician)

Russian politician For other people named Aleksandr Rumyantsev, see Aleksandr Rumyantsev. In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming customs, the patronymic is Grigorievich and the family name is Rumyantsev. You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Russian. (February 2024) Click [show] for important translation instructions. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but transla...

 

Franco Bertinetti

Questa voce sull'argomento schermidori italiani è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Franco BertinettiNazionalità Italia Scherma SpecialitàSpada Palmarès  Italia Competizione Ori Argenti Bronzi Giochi olimpici 2 0 0 Mondiali 5 1 2 Campionati italiani 1 0 0 Vedi maggiori dettagli  Modifica dati su Wikidata · Manuale Franco Bertinetti (Vercelli, 14 luglio 1923 – Marsiglia, 6 marzo 1995) è stato uno schermidore itali...

Élections américaines de la Chambre des représentants de 2004

2002 2006 Élections américaines de la Chambre des représentants de 2004 435 sièges de la Chambre des représentants 2 novembre 2004 Parti républicain – Dennis Hastert Voix 55 958 144 49,4 %   0,6 Sièges obtenus 232  3 Parti démocrate – Nancy Pelosi Voix 52 969 786 46,8 %   1,6 Sièges obtenus 202  3 Speaker de la chambre des représentants Sortant Élu Dennis Hastert Parti républicain Dennis Haste...

 

Hurricane Ida (2009)

This article is about the 2009 hurricane. For the 2021 hurricane of the same name, see Hurricane Ida. For other storms, see List of storms named Ida. Category 2 Atlantic hurricane in 2009 Hurricane Ida Hurricane Ida near peak intensity in the Yucatán Channel on November 8Meteorological historyFormedNovember 4, 2009ExtratropicalNovember 10DissipatedNovember 11, 2009Category 2 hurricane1-minute sustained (SSHWS/NWS)Highest winds105 mph (165 km/h)Lowest pressure975 mbar...

 

Prep & Landing

2009 television film Prep & LandingGenreAnimated television specialWritten by Kevin Deters Stevie Wermers-Skelton Story byChris WilliamsDirected by Kevin Deters Stevie Wermers-Skelton Starring Dave Foley Derek Richardson Sarah Chalke Music byMichael GiacchinoCountry of originUnited StatesOriginal languageEnglishProductionProducerDorothy McKim[1]CinematographyRob DresselEditorWilliam J. CaparellaRunning time22 minutesProduction companies Walt Disney Animation Studios Walt Disney Pi...

Stanisław Estreicher

Polish historian (1869–1939) Stanisław Estreicher, 1896 Stanisław Ambroży Estreicher (26 November 1869 – 28 December 1939) was a Polish historian of Law and bibliographer; professor of the Jagiellonian University in 1906. Following the 1939 invasion of Poland, he was briefly offered to form a puppet quasi-government by Nazi Germany.[1] He paid with his life for his refusal to do it.[2][3] Life Stanisław Estreicher (sitting, right) in January 1893, with (sta...

 

Shanghai Masters 2009

Shanghai Masters 2009Sport Tennis Data11 ottobre – 18 ottobre Edizione1a SuperficieCemento CampioniSingolare Nikolaj Davydenko Doppio Julien Benneteau / Jo-Wilfried Tsonga 2010 Lo Shanghai Masters 2009, anche conosciuto come Shanghai ATP Masters 1000 - Presented by Rolex per motivi di sponsorizzazione, è stato un torneo di tennis giocato sul cemento. È stata la 1ª edizione dello Shanghai Masters, che fa parte della categoria ATP World Tour Masters 1000 nell'ambito dell'ATP World Tour 200...