At least 45 others were injured in the incident.[11][12] The explosive device was contained in a briefcase.[11] A second explosive device was found and defused at Ploshchad Vosstaniya metro station.[9] The suspected perpetrator was named as Akbarzhon Jalilov, a Russian citizen who was an ethnic Uzbek born in Kyrgyzstan.[13]
In 2016, ISIL had plotted to target St. Petersburg due to Russia's military involvement in Syria, resulting in arrests.[14] No public transport system in Russia had been bombed since the 2010 Moscow Metro bombings.[15]
ISIL propaganda was being circulated prior to this incident. It encouraged supporters to launch strikes on Moscow. ISIL propaganda showed bullet holes through Putin's head and a poster circulated before the attack of a falling Kremlin and included the message "We Will Burn Russia."[16] However, as some researchers have said, Russia faces a "sophisticated and complex" threat from domestic terrorism, linked to many different groups.[5]
Vladimir Putin was visiting Saint Petersburg, where he was born, on the day of the attack.[16]
Attack
Location of the two stations and the tunnel in the Saint Petersburg Metro where the explosion occurred.
On 3 April 2017, a device containing 200–300 grams (0.44–0.66 lb) of explosives detonated on a train travelling through a tunnel between the Sennaya Ploshchad and Tekhnologichesky Institut stations of the Saint Petersburg Metro.[11][17][18] According to a statement from the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the bomb was detonated on the third carriage of the train.[19] Eyewitnesses said the blast occurred near the door. Immediately after the explosion, smoke filled the platform. Video from social media showed multiple victims on the platform and a metal door twisted by the force of the blast.[19] Following reports of the explosion, all metro stations in Saint Petersburg were quickly closed.[11] In the late evening, metro services were resumed on Lines 3, 4, and 5.[9]
A second bomb was discovered and disarmed at Ploshchad Vosstaniya station.[20] The device had ball bearings, screws, and shrapnel[21] and was hidden within a fire extinguisher containing an equivalent of about 1 kilogram (2.2 lb) of TNT.[22] Jalilov's DNA was found on a bag which contained the extinguisher,[23] suggesting that he intentionally left this bag inside a carriage as witnessed by some passengers.[19][9]
Aftermath
Security was heightened after the attack. Metal detectors, installed countrywide following another metro attack seven years before, were all implemented after not having been in use for several years. The Moscow Metro security department said they were ready to assist the Saint Petersburg Metro in case of any help being needed.[24] Local media reported that authorities had found suspicious packages in three Moscow metro stations, Nagatinskaja, Savelovskaya and Ugrezhskaya (CIP). Authorities later cordoned off the area.[19] The security of Pulkovo International Airport was also heightened in response to the blast.[19] A possible suspect was sighted on Metro surveillance cameras, according to unconfirmed reports.[9] The Investigative Committee of Russia said the train operator's decision to drive it to the next station helped to avoid an even higher number of casualties.[25][26]
Because of the terrorist attack, security measures were also strengthened in the Nizhny Novgorod metro.[27]
Two weeks later, FSB released a statement says that Russian security operatives have detained Abror Azimov (born 1990), the alleged mastermind of the bombing, in Moscow in which he trained the suicide attacker.[citation needed]
Casualties
Fifteen people died due to the attack, of whom ten during the attack and five later from their injuries. As reported by the Russian Ministry of Health, 64 people were injured.[28][29] Thirty-nine people were hospitalised, of whom six had critical injuries.[29] Children were among those injured.[8]
The suspected perpetrator behind the attacks was identified by Kyrgyzstan and Russian intelligence services as Akbarzhon Jalilov (sometimes spelled Akbarjon Djalilov), an ethnic Uzbek[35][36][37] 22-year-old Kyrgyz-born Russian citizen.[23][38][39] He was sentenced to life in prison.
Jalilov was born in 1995 in Osh, Kyrgyzstan, and arrived in Moscow around 2011.[38] According to Russian newspaper Moskovskij Komsomolets, Gazeta.ru reported he had worked as a cook at a sushi bar in 2015,[19][40] while other sources claimed Jalilov had worked in a garage before disappearing weeks prior to the attack.[19] Interfax said authorities believe he had ties to radical Islamic groups.[41] Russian media has reported that he traveled to Syria in 2014 and trained with Islamic State militants.[42] On 26 April, a group called the Imam Shamil Battalion claimed responsibility for the attack, and said that the bomber was acting on orders from al-Qaeda. The statement, posted by SITE Intelligence Group, said the bomber, Akbarzhon Jalilov, had acted on instructions from al-Qaeda leader Ayman al-Zawahiri.[43][44] In considering the incident, researchers had already illustrated that 'analysis should not focus exclusively on recent developments and Daesh', but rather look at the 'broader context' including the 'range of groups with which Central Asian radicals are involved.'[45]
Initial reports
On 3 April 2017, investigators said they believed the attack was a suicide bombing and identified a Central Asian as the suspected perpetrator.[46] Some reports initially misidentified the suspect as a 22-year-old from Kazakhstan who was an IT student at St. Petersburg State University of Economics. He had been reported missing.[47][48] This individual was later correctly identified as a victim of the attack.[49][50] The suspect was later identified as a 23-year-old native of Kyrgyzstan with Russian citizenship and with links to international militant groups.[46][51] A man with a beard wearing a skullcap contacted police to clear his name. Interfax later said only one person was involved.[52][46] The man with the beard turned out to be a former paratrooper from Bashkortostan.[53]
Reactions
Domestic
President Vladimir Putin was in the city when the attack happened and pledged a thorough investigation. During an unrelated meeting with President of BelarusAlexander Lukashenko, Putin said they are "considering all possible causes, including terrorism." He later visited the area of the attack, which was prohibited by the Federal Protective Service due to security concerns. This information was later denied by RIA Novosti.[19][11] His statement was followed by Lukashenko expressing his sadness over the bombing.[citation needed]Mayor of MoscowSergey Sobyanin expressed his condolences to the victims of the attack and ordered the strengthening of security measures around the capital's transport infrastructure, according to the Mayor's and city government's Press Secretary Gulnara Penkova.[9] Head of the Ministry of Health Veronika Skvortsova instructed federal doctors to help doctors in St. Petersburg to assist the victims.[19]
The All-Russian Union of Insurers said relatives of the victims will be able to receive 2.025 million rubles.[19]
A makeshift memorial was made to honour the victims of the bombing. Saint Petersburg declared three days of mourning in response to the attack. MayorGeorgi Poltavchenko, Governor of Leningrad Alexander Drozdenko, and President Vladimir Putin visited the site and laid flowers to pay respect.[19]
The Independent reported that some supporters of ISIL on unnamed internet forums linked the attack to Russia's support of Bashar al-Assad, and shared photos and video of people injured and killed by the blast.[20]
^"Russia Bomber Is Identified, Officials Say, as Death Toll Rises". The New York Times. 4 April 2017. Archived from the original on 4 April 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2017. In addition to killing 14, the blast on Monday wounded 64 others, Aleksandr Rzhanenkov, a St. Petersburg official, said at a news briefing.
^ abYoungman, Mark (6 April 2017). "Russia's domestic terrorism threat is serious, sophisticated and complex". The Conversation. The Conversation Trust (UK). Archived from the original on 9 April 2017. Retrieved 9 April 2017. The April 3 bombing on the St Petersburg metro was the highest-profile terror attack on Russian soil since a suicide bombing at Moscow's Domodedovo airport in January 2011.
^ ab"St. Petersburg metro explosion: 11 dead in Russia blast". CNN. 3 April 2017. Archived from the original on 6 April 2017. Retrieved 3 April 2017. Thirty-nine people have been hospitalised, six of whom had critical injuries, the health ministry said, putting the number of dead at 11.
^"St. Petersburg metro bomber reportedly identified as Kyrgyz-born ethnic Uzbek". MarketWatch. MarketWatch. 4 April 2017. Archived from the original on 4 April 2017. Retrieved 5 April 2017. The man who killed 14 people and wounded dozens of others at the St. Petersburg subway station was identified Tuesday as a Kyrgyz-born suicide bomber, according to the Central Asian country's security service.
^Filipov, David; Roth, Andrew (6 April 2017). "Russia arrests possible accomplices of presumed St. Petersburg bomber". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 6 April 2017. Retrieved 7 April 2017. The Fontanka.ru agency said Dzhalilov had traveled to Syria in 2014 and trained with Islamic State militants. The report said that Russian investigators were trying to determine his travels but that they had ascertained that the device used in the subway attack bore the hallmarks of "Syrian know-how," specifically traces of burned sugar.
^"Rosja. Wybuch w metrze w Sankt Petersburguc" [Inferfax: The bomb was in a suitcase. The offender was recorded on monitoring cameras]. TVN24.pl (in Polish). Archived from the original on 4 April 2017. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
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