1959 VFA season

1959 VFA premiership season
Teams16
PremiersWilliamstown
10th premiership
Minor premiersWilliamstown
8th minor premiership
← 1958
1960 →

The 1959 VFA season was the 78th season of the Victorian Football Association (VFA), an Australian rules football competition played in the state of Victoria.

The premiership was won by the Williamstown Football Club after it defeated Coburg in the Grand Final on 10 October by 35 points. It was Williamstown's tenth premiership, taking it past Footscray to become the club with the most premierships won in VFA history, a title it held until it was passed by Port Melbourne in 1976; it was also the fifth of five premierships won in six seasons between 1954 and 1959, and the club's fourth consecutive minor premiership.

Association membership

Prior to 1959, the Prahran Football Club was expelled from the Association for failing to meet the minimum home ground requirements, and was replaced by the Sunshine Football Club. As such, the Association membership numbers remained constant at 16.

Expulsion of Prahran

Throughout its history, the Prahran Football Club had played its home matches at Toorak Oval, which it leased throughout the winter from the City of Prahran. At the time, each Association club played a Seconds match on its home venue on weekends when the firsts team was playing away – the practice of playing Seconds games as curtain-raisers to Firsts games was not established until 1980. On 4 March 1959, the Prahran Council announced that it was seeking tenders to let Toorak Oval to a separate sporting body on alternate weekends during winter – such that the Prahran First Sixteen would play its home matches there, and another sport would be played there when the Prahran Firsts were playing away. The Council was primarily seeking to improve its financial return on the venue: it cost the city £2,000 to maintain and operate the ground annually, and it received only £60 from the football club in rent for the entire winter, and the gate takings from Seconds matches were meagre;[1] but, it received comparatively enormous offers of £440 from the Jugoslav United Soccer Team and £660 from the Victorian Rugby Union to lease the ground on alternate Saturdays during winter.[2] This was not the first time that other codes had made attempts to share occupancy of Association venues; in 1954, the Prahran council had turned down an offer of £800 from J.U.S.T. to lease Toorak Oval on alternate weekends,[3] and Hakoah made unsuccessful attempts to share the Camberwell Sports Ground with Camberwell in 1955 and 1956.[4]

The potential to lose access to Toorak Oval for Seconds games was a problem for the Prahran Football Club, because the VFA constitution included a requirement that all clubs' Firsts and Seconds must play their matches on the same home ground on alternate weekends[5] – with the exception of Brighton, which had a decades-long arrangement to share Elsternwick Park with the Elsternwick Amateur Football Club.[6] On 6 March, the Association confirmed that it would expel Prahran if it could not meet these requirements. The Association's hardline approach was based on a slippery slope argument, that allowing one council to seek a more lucrative deal for alternate Saturdays would result in all councils eventually taking the same action; access to better venues would be a fillip for rugby, soccer and other sports which were in direct competition with the Association, and would therefore be detrimental to the Association's long-term popularity and viability.[5]

In two weeks of negotiations, the council offered the Prahran Seconds the use of Como Park, and offered to provide temporary fencing to bring the venue to Association standards;[7] and alternatively suggested that the Prahran Seconds could play a curtain-raiser to the successful bidder – but the Association rejected both suggestions.[2] The Prahran Football Club also increased its own offer to the council from £60 to £175 to lease the ground for the entire winter.[8]

On 16 March, the Prahran Council formally agreed to lease Toorak Oval to the Victorian Rugby Union on alternate Saturdays, and the Association Board of Management unanimously agreed to expel Prahran.[9] The Association made clear that it would welcome Prahran back as soon as it was able to secure a ground for the entire winter,[10] and the club ultimately came to an agreement with the council in October 1959, with rent of £100 per year; as such, Prahran's expulsion lasted only for the 1959 season. Prahran spent the 1959 season in the Metropolitan Football League (MFL), and won its premiership.[11] Permission was given for Prahran's players to be cleared to other clubs in Melbourne, under a gentlemen's agreement that they be cleared back to Prahran when the club was re-admitted to the Association.[12]

Admission of Sunshine

With Prahran expelled from the Association, the Sunshine Football Club lodged an application to replace it. Sunshine's application was first reported on 24 March,[7] and was accepted unanimously by the remaining members of the Association on 27 March.[13] The Association had made overtures to a club based in Sunshine as early as the central ground dispute of 1934,[14] and the club had actively been seeking admission to the Association for the previous eight years.[10]

Sunshine was a large club in a strong growth area of Melbourne's west, which operated two teams in the Metropolitan Football League (MFL) and three teams in the Footscray District League and had more than 200 registered players. It was runner-up in the MFL in 1958. It played its home games at Selwyn Park, which was up to Association standard and had a recently built £20,000 pavilion.[10]

Sunshine's playing uniform in the MFL consisted of blue and white hoops, identical to Moorabbin's guernsey. The clubs were not drawn to play each other until late in the season, so Sunshine played in its hoops until July, when it switched to a navy blue guernsey with a white yoke, and plain blue socks.[15][16]

Rule changes

The Association reduced the number of players on the field from eighteen per side to sixteen per side from the 1959 season; the two wingmen were the positions eliminated from the game under the new system. Each team also had two reserve players.[17] The change lasted for 33 seasons; it was not until 1992 that the Association returned to the national standard eighteen-a-side rules.[18] The Association had previously played sixteen-a-side between 1912 and 1918.[19]

Premiership

The home-and-home season was played twenty weeks. As in 1958, the clubs were split into a north-of-the-Yarra section and a south-of-the-Yarra section for the fixturing: in the first fourteen rounds, each club played home-and-home against the other seven clubs in its section;[20] then, each club played against clubs from the opposite section over the final six rounds.[21] The clubs were arranged into a single combined ladder including both northern and southern teams, and the top four clubs then contested a finals series under the Page–McIntyre system to determine the premiers for the season.

Ladder

1959 VFA ladder
Pos Team Pld W L D PF PA PP Pts
1 Williamstown (P) 20 17 3 0 2159 1339 161.2 68
2 Sandringham 20 16 4 0 2064 1340 154.0 64
3 Oakleigh 20 16 4 0 2021 1364 148.2 64
4 Coburg 20 16 4 0 1983 1420 139.6 64
5 Moorabbin 20 15 5 0 2060 1266 162.7 60
6 Yarraville 20 14 6 0 1960 1351 145.1 56
7 Mordialloc 20 12 8 0 1878 1566 119.9 48
8 Port Melbourne 20 10 9 1 1861 1644 113.2 42
9 Brunswick 20 9 10 1 1746 1675 104.2 38
10 Box Hill 20 8 12 0 1596 1623 98.3 32
11 Preston 20 8 12 0 1502 1967 76.4 32
12 Dandenong 20 6 14 0 1618 1921 84.2 24
13 Sunshine 20 6 14 0 1329 2072 64.1 24
14 Northcote 20 3 17 0 1499 2276 65.9 12
15 Brighton 20 2 18 0 1365 2195 62.2 8
16 Camberwell 20 1 19 0 1041 2663 39.1 4
Source: [22]
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) percentage; 3) number of points for.
(P) Premiers

Finals

Semifinals
Saturday, 12 September Oakleigh 7.14 (56) def. by Coburg 12.11 (83) St Kilda Cricket Ground (crowd: 9,000) [23]
Saturday, 19 September (postponed) Williamstown v Sandringham St Kilda Cricket Ground [24]
Saturday, 26 September Williamstown 11.14 (80) def. Sandringham 7.16 (58) St Kilda Cricket Ground (crowd: 14,000) [25]
Preliminary Final
Saturday, 3 October Sandringham 13.18 (96) def. by Coburg 14.16 (100) St Kilda Cricket Ground (crowd: 22,000) [26]


1959 VFA Grand Final
Saturday, 10 October Williamstown def. Coburg St Kilda Cricket Ground (crowd: 26,000) [27][28]
2.8 (20)
6.13 (49)
6.14 (50)
15.21 (111) 		Q1
Q2
Q3
Final 		1.1 (7)
5.6 (36)
9.9 (63)
11.10 (76) 		Umpires: Allen
Cullinan 7, Maloney 2, Mazouris 2, Callahan, Evans, R. Jones, Pelly Goals Byron 2, Carr 2, Jordon 2, Shaw 2, Goullet, Huntington, Matthews
Injuries Gleeson (groin)
Cullinan, for striking Bigelow in the third quarter Reports

Awards

  • The leading goalkicker for the season was Denis Oakley (Sandringham), who kicked 113 goals in the home-and-home season,[22] and a further six goals in finals.[25][26]
  • The J. J. Liston Trophy was won by Bryan Waters (Dandenong), who polled 49 votes. Waters finished ahead of Kevin Dillon (Brunswick), who polled 38 votes, and Jack Coughlan (Oakleigh), who polled 32 votes.[29]
  • Port Melbourne won the seconds premiership. Port Melbourne 14.6 (90) defeated Moorabbin 12.13 (85) in the Grand Final, played as a curtain raiser to the firsts Grand Final on 10 October.[30]

Notable events

  • Wednesday night football, which had been a feature of the early rounds of the 1957 and 1958 seasons, did not return in 1959.
  • The Brunswick Council regraded the Brunswick Cricket Ground during the 1959 season, so the Brunswick Football Club could not play there. During the season, Brunswick's Firsts shared Northcote Park with Northcote, with the clubs playing home games there on alternate Saturdays. Considering the circumstances, Brunswick's Seconds team received permission to play at a different ground to the firsts, Allard Park in East Brunswick; confusion over this, particularly amongst southern teams, led to the Brighton Seconds team forfeiting its last match of the season to Brunswick because half of the team arrived at the wrong venue.[31] The club trained on a reserve adjacent to its traditional home, which notably had no goalposts installed on it.[32]
  • Camberwell suffered the heaviest loss in its history to date, losing 1.8 (14) to 24.24 (168) by 154 points against Oakleigh on 20 June.[33]
  • The second semi-final between Williamstown and Sandringham on 19 September was postponed due to overnight rain making the ground unplayable. The VFA's contingency plan was to shift the game to Thursday 24 September, Show Day holiday, to avoid the need to extend the season and interrupt the St Kilda Cricket Club's preparations for the district cricket season; however, Williamstown and Sandringham successfully appealed to play the game on Saturday 26 September and extend the season by one week, on the grounds that it would have been unfair for the losing team to have only one day's rest before the preliminary final.[24][34]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Special talks on Toorak Oval". The Sun News-Pictorial. Melbourne, VIC. 5 March 1959. p. 53.
  2. ^ a b "No compromise on lease by VFA". The Sun News-Pictorial. Melbourne, VIC. 12 March 1959. p. 59.
  3. ^ "Soccer £800 refused". The Argus. Melbourne, VIC. 16 February 1954. p. 15.
  4. ^ Dave Anderson (15 November 1955). "Two clubs face expulsion from V.F.A.". The Argus. Melbourne, VIC. p. 16.
  5. ^ a b "Prahran must go, if – VFA". The Sun News-Pictorial. Melbourne, VIC. 7 March 1959. p. 55.
  6. ^ "VFA decision soon on Prahran players". The Sun News-Pictorial. Melbourne, VIC. 18 March 1959. p. 61.
  7. ^ a b "Council's offer gives Prahran new chance". The Sun News-Pictorial. Melbourne, VIC. 24 March 1959. p. 60.
  8. ^ "Prahran to offer £175 in rent". The Sun News-Pictorial. Melbourne, VIC. 13 March 1959. p. 51.
  9. ^ "Prahran expelled by VFA". The Sun News-Pictorial. Melbourne, VIC. 17 March 1959. pp. 61, 64.
  10. ^ a b c "Sunshine is ready for the word 'go'". The Sun News-Pictorial. Melbourne, VIC. 25 March 1959. p. 55.
  11. ^ "Prahran gets Toorak Oval". The Sun News-Pictorial. Melbourne, VIC. 6 October 1959. p. 52.
  12. ^ "Sunshine gets 'all clear' from VFA". The Sun News-Pictorial. Melbourne, VIC. 26 March 1959. p. 403.
  13. ^ "Sunshine coach still awaiting clearance". The Sun News-Pictorial. Melbourne, VIC. 28 March 1959. p. 43.
  14. ^ "Senior football squabble may help Sunshine". Sunshine Advocate. Sunshine, VIC. 16 February 1934. p. 1.
  15. ^ Scot Palmer (15 April 1959). "Moorabbin? No, it's Sunshine". The Sun News-Pictorial. Melbourne, VIC. p. 57.
  16. ^ Scot Palmer (5 June 1959). "Sunshine to lose its hooped look". The Sun News-Pictorial. Melbourne, VIC. p. 59.
  17. ^ "VFA will play 16 a side". The Sun News-Pictorial. Melbourne, VIC. 17 March 1959. p. 62.
  18. ^ Phil Cleary (8 April 1992). "VFA goes home to fans". The Sunday Age (Sport Liftout). Melbourne, VIC. p. 18.
  19. ^ J.W. (3 May 1919). "Football – the opening day". The Australasian. Vol. CVI, no. 2770. Melbourne, VIC. p. 807.
  20. ^ Scot Palmer (25 May 1959). "Moorabbin stays top – but it had a scare". The Sun News-Pictorial. Melbourne, VIC. p. 34.
  21. ^ Scot Palmer (3 August 1959). "North sides shocked South in VFA". The Sun News-Pictorial. Melbourne, VIC. p. 40.
  22. ^ a b Scot Palmer (7 September 1959). "Coburg routed in 40-pt. loss". The Sun News-Pictorial. Melbourne, VIC. p. 46.
  23. ^ Scot Palmer (14 September 1959). "Coburg burst put Oakleigh down". The Sun News-Pictorial. Melbourne, VIC. p. 43.
  24. ^ a b Scot Palmer (21 September 1959). "VFA rivals say "no"". The Sun News-Pictorial. Melbourne, VIC. p. 51.
  25. ^ a b Scot Palmer (28 September 1959). "Williamstown in Grand Final". The Sun News-Pictorial. Melbourne, VIC. p. 43.
  26. ^ a b Scot Palmer (5 October 1959). "Coburg storms way to G. Final". The Sun News-Pictorial. Melbourne, VIC. p. 53.
  27. ^ Lou Richards (12 October 1959). "Williamstown flew away with the flag". The Sun News-Pictorial. Melbourne, VIC. p. 47.
  28. ^ Scot Palmer (12 October 1959). "Best since 1884... now for record". The Sun News-Pictorial. Melbourne, VIC. p. 47.
  29. ^ Scot Palmer (10 September 1959). "Dand'nong winner in Liston". The Sun News-Pictorial. Melbourne, VIC. p. 40.
  30. ^ "Port got there, but only just". The Sun News-Pictorial. Melbourne, VIC. 12 October 1959. p. 36.
  31. ^ Scot Palmer (7 September 1959). "A team divided falls!". The Sun News-Pictorial. Melbourne, VIC. p. 46.
  32. ^ Scot Palmer (16 June 1959). "Brunswick missed far too many "sitters"". The Sun News-Pictorial. Melbourne, VIC. p. 43.
  33. ^ Scot Palmer (22 June 1959). "Box Hill gets "new look", topples Moorabbin". The Sun News-Pictorial. Melbourne, VIC. p. 34.
  34. ^ Scot Palmer (23 September 1959). "VFA semi-final at St Kilda". The Sun News-Pictorial. Melbourne, VIC. p. 64.

Read other articles:

Grand Prix sepeda motor Jepang 2018

  Grand Prix Jepang 2018Detail lombaLomba ke 16 dari 19Grand Prix Sepeda Motor musim 2018Tanggal21 October 2018Nama resmiMotul Grand Prix of Japan[1][2][3]LokasiTwin Ring Motegi, Motegi, JepangSirkuitFasilitas balapan permanen4.801 km (2.983 mi)MotoGPPole positionPembalap Andrea Dovizioso DucatiCatatan waktu 1:44.590 Putaran tercepatPembalap Marc Márquez HondaCatatan waktu 1:45.646 di lap 19 PodiumPertama Marc Márquez HondaKedua Cal Crutchlow Hond...

 

Kestalan, Banjarsari, Surakarta

KestalanKelurahanKantor kelurahan KestalanPeta lokasi Kelurahan KestalanNegara IndonesiaProvinsiJawa TengahKotaSurakartaKecamatanBanjarsariKode Kemendagri33.72.05.1005 Kode BPS3372050006 Jumlah penduduk2.891 (jiwa) Kestalan (Jawa: ꦏꦼꦱ꧀ꦠꦭꦤ꧀, translit. Kestalan) adalah sebuah kelurahan di kecamatan Banjarsari, Surakarta. Kelurahan ini memiliki kode pos 57133. Pada tahun 2020, kelurahan ini berpenduduk sebesar 2.891 jiwa. Nama Kestalan berasal dari bahasa Belanda st...

 

National Bureau of Asian Research

American nonprofit, research institution This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article contains content that is written like an advertisement. Please help improve it by removing promotional content and inappropriate external links, and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view. (October 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this message) This article...

Anna Politkovskaya

Anna Politkovskaya Anna Stepanovna Politkovskaya (Bahasa Rusia: Анна Степановна Политковская; New York City, Amerika Serikat, 1958–Moskwa, 7 Oktober 2006) adalah seorang jurnalis Rusia. Ia terkenal akan kritiknya terhadap pemerintahan Vladimir Putin. Terlahir dengan nama Anna Mazepa, Politkovskaya adalah lulusan Universitas Negeri Moskwa dalam bidang jurnalisme dan memulai kariernya di harian Izvestia. Dari 1999 hingga 2006, ia bekerja di surat kabar Novaya Gazeta...

 

Peacebuilding

Nonviolent intervention to prevent conflict Human Peace Sign - Symbolically Represents an Holistic Approach to Peacebuilding. Peacebuilding is an activity that aims to resolve injustice in nonviolent ways and to transform the cultural and structural conditions that generate deadly or destructive conflict. It revolves around developing constructive personal, group, and political relationships across ethnic, religious, class, national, and racial boundaries. The process includes violence preven...

 

Television in India

Overview of television in India Part of a series on theCulture of India Society Indians Folklore History Languages Holidays Religion Arts and literature Art Architecture Cinema Comics Dance Festivals Literature Poetry Music Painting Sculpture Theatre Others Cuisine Media Newspapers Radio Television Sports Traditional Video games Fashion Mythology Hindu Vedic Meitei Buddhist Folklore Symbols Flag State Emblem Anthem Miss India World Heritage Sites Monuments Organizations Ministry of Culture Mi...

约翰斯顿环礁

此條目可参照英語維基百科相應條目来扩充。 (2021年5月6日)若您熟悉来源语言和主题，请协助参考外语维基百科扩充条目。请勿直接提交机械翻译，也不要翻译不可靠、低品质内容。依版权协议，译文需在编辑摘要注明来源，或于讨论页顶部标记{{Translated page}}标签。 约翰斯顿环礁Kalama Atoll 美國本土外小島嶼 Johnston Atoll 旗幟颂歌：《星條旗》The Star-Spangled Banner約翰斯頓環礁�...

 

2020年夏季奧林匹克運動會波蘭代表團

2020年夏季奥林匹克运动会波兰代表團波兰国旗IOC編碼POLNOC波蘭奧林匹克委員會網站olimpijski.pl（英文）（波兰文）2020年夏季奥林匹克运动会（東京）2021年7月23日至8月8日（受2019冠状病毒病疫情影响推迟，但仍保留原定名称）運動員206參賽項目24个大项旗手开幕式：帕维尔·科热尼奥夫斯基（游泳）和马娅·沃什乔夫斯卡（自行车）[1]闭幕式：卡罗利娜·纳亚（皮划艇）&#...

 

Soldier Hollow

This article is about the sports venue. For other uses, see Soldier Hollow (disambiguation). Cross-country skiing park in Wasatch Mountain State Park, Utah Soldier HollowThe venue during the 2002 Winter Olympics, February 2002LocationWasatch Mountain State ParkWasatch County, UtahUnited StatesNearest major cityMidwayCoordinates40°28′45″N 111°29′50″W / 40.47917°N 111.49722°W / 40.47917; -111.49722Vertical419 ft (128 m)Top elevation5,882 ft (1,...

Гармоническое число

Гармоническое число H n , 1 {\displaystyle H_{n,1}} , где n = ⌊ x ⌋ {\displaystyle n=\lfloor {x}\rfloor } (красная линия) и его асимптотический предел γ + ln ⁡ ( x ) {\displaystyle \gamma +\ln(x)} (синяя линия). В математике n-м гармоническим числом называется сумма обратных величин первых n последовательных чисе...

 

USS Growler (SSG-577)

US Navy submarine For other ships with the same name, see USS Growler. Regulus I missile aboard USS Growler at Pier 86 in New York, its museum ship home. History United States NameGrowler NamesakeGrowler Ordered31 July 1954 BuilderPortsmouth Naval Shipyard Laid down15 February 1955 Launched5 April 1958 Sponsored byMrs. Robert K. Byerts, widow of Commander Thomas B. Oakley, Jr. Commissioned30 August 1958 Decommissioned25 May 1964 Stricken1 August 1980 HomeportPearl Harbor, HI StatusMuseum ship...

 

Chicken tikka

Boneless chicken pieces cooked in a tandoor Not to be confused with chicken tikka masala, which is a curry that uses pieces of chicken tikka. Chicken tikkaChicken tikkaCourseHors d'oeuvreRegion or stateIndian subcontinentAssociated cuisineIndia, Bangladesh, PakistanServing temperatureHotMain ingredientsChicken, curd (yogurt), red chili powder, ginger and garlic paste, lemon juiceVariationsPaneer tikka Cookbook: Chicken tikka  Media: Chicken tikka Chicken tikka is a chicken dish popul...

Boxing at the 1976 Summer Olympics – Light welterweight

Olympic boxing tournament Light welterweight boxingat the Games of the XXI OlympiadVenueMaurice Richard Arena, MontrealDates18–31 JulyCompetitors31 from 31 nationsMedalists Ray Leonard  United States Andrés Aldama  Cuba Vladimir Kolev  Bulgaria Kazimierz Szczerba  Poland← 19721980 → Boxing at the1976 Summer OlympicsLight flyweightmenFlyweightmenBantamweightmenFeatherweightmenLightweightmenLight welterweightmenWelterweightmenLight middlewe...

 

Gibbs free energy

Type of thermodynamic potential ThermodynamicsThe classical Carnot heat engine Branches Classical Statistical Chemical Quantum thermodynamics Equilibrium / Non-equilibrium Laws Zeroth First Second Third Systems Closed system Open system Isolated system State Equation of state Ideal gas Real gas State of matter Phase (matter) Equilibrium Control volume Instruments Processes Isobaric Isochoric Isothermal Adiabatic Isentropic Isenthalpic Quasistatic Polytropic Free expansion Reversibili...

 

Mahé, Seychelles

MahéPantai di MahéGeografiLokasiSamudra HindiaKepulauanSeychellesLuas155 km2Titik tertinggiMorne Seychellois (905 m)PemerintahanNegaraSeychellesKota terbesarVictoriaKependudukanPenduduk72.000 jiwaKepadatan465 jiwa/km2 Mahé adalah pulau terbesar (155 km²/59.8 sq. mi.) di Seychelles, terletak di timur laut negara itu. Populasi penduduk Mahé adalah 80.000 jiwa. Di pulau ini berlokasi kota Victoria dan menampung 90% dari total penduduk negara itu. Pulau ini...

A Statue of Ceres

Painting by Peter Paul Rubens You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Polish. (August 2020) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the Polish article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated...

 

List of Serbian composers

Part of a series on theCulture of Serbia History Middle Ages Monarchs People Languages Serbian language Old Serbian Traditions Dress Kinship Mythology and folklore Cuisine Festivals Religion Christianity Serbian Orthodox Church Patriarch Roman Catholicism Protestantism Hinduism Islam Judaism Art Architecture Music Composers (list) Painters (category) Sculptors (category) Heraldry Literature Comics Epic poetry Writers (category) Music and performing arts Dances Theatres (category) Actors (cat...

 

Kelvin

SI unit of temperature This article is about the unit of temperature. For the person, see Lord Kelvin. For other uses, see Kelvin (disambiguation). kelvinEquivalent temperatures in kelvin (K), Celsius (°C), and Fahrenheit (°F)General informationUnit systemSIUnit oftemperatureSymbolKNamed afterWilliam Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin2019 definitionkB ≝ 1.380649×10−23 ⁠J/K⁠Conversions x K in ...... corresponds to ...    Celsius  ...

NASCAR Seri Piala Winston musim 1992

NASCAR Seri Piala Winston 1992 Sebelum: 1991 Sesudah: 1993 Alan Kulwicki sebagai juara musim 1992. NASCAR Seri Piala Winston 1992 merupakan musim NASCAR Seri Piala Winston. Musim ini berlangsung dari bulan Februari 1992 lewat Daytona 500 di Daytona International Speedway dan berakhir pada bulan November dalam Hooters 500 di Atlanta Motor Speedway. Pembalap Alan Kulwicki berhasil menjadi juara NASCAR musim 1992 yang juga merupakan gelar pertama sekaligus terakhir bagi dirinya. Kulwicki sendir...

 

Popish Plot

Fictitious conspiracy causing anti-Catholic hysteria affecting England, Scotland, and Ireland Not to be confused with Gunpowder Plot. The execution of the five Jesuits The Popish Plot was a fictitious conspiracy invented by Titus Oates that between 1678 and 1681 gripped the kingdoms of England and Scotland in anti-Catholic hysteria.[1] Oates alleged that there was an extensive Catholic conspiracy to assassinate Charles II, accusations that led to the executions of at least 22 men...