1952 United States presidential election in Alabama

Main article: 1952 United States presidential election
1952 United States presidential election in Alabama
← 1948 November 4, 1952[1] 1956 →
All 11 Alabama votes to the Electoral College
 
Nominee Adlai Stevenson Dwight D. Eisenhower
Party Democratic Republican
Home state Illinois New York[2]
Running mate John Sparkman Richard Nixon
Electoral vote 11 0
Popular vote 275,075 149,231
Percentage 64.55% 35.02%
County results
President before election

Harry S. Truman
Democratic

Elected President

Dwight D. Eisenhower
Republican

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The 1952 United States presidential election in Alabama took place on November 4, 1952, as part of the 1952 United States presidential election. Alabama voters chose eleven[3] representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. In Alabama, voters voted for electors individually instead of as a slate, as in the other states.

Since the 1890s, Alabama had been effectively a one-party state ruled by the Democratic Party. Disenfranchisement of almost all African-Americans and a large proportion of poor whites via poll taxes, literacy tests[4] and informal harassment had essentially eliminated opposition parties outside of Unionist Winston County and presidential campaigns in a few nearby northern hill counties. The only competitive statewide elections during this period were thus Democratic Party primaries — limited to white voters until the landmark court case of Smith v. Allwright, following which Alabama introduced the Boswell Amendment — ruled unconstitutional in Davis v. Schnell in 1949,[5] although substantial increases in black voter registration would not occur until after the late 1960s Voting Rights Act.

Unlike other Deep South states, soon after black disenfranchisement Alabama’s remaining white Republicans made rapid efforts to expel blacks from the state Republican Party,[6] and under Oscar D. Street, who ironically was appointed state party boss as part of the pro-Taft “black and tan” faction in 1912,[7] the state GOP would permanently turn “lily-white”, with the last black delegates at any Republican National Convention serving in 1920.[6] However, with two exceptions the Republicans were unable to gain from their hard lily-white policy. The first was when they exceeded forty percent in the 1920 House of Representatives races for the 4th, 7th and 10th congressional districts,[8] and the second was 1928 presidential election when Senator James Thomas Heflin embarked on a nationwide speaking tour, partially funded by the Ku Klux Klan, against Roman Catholic Democratic nominee Al Smith and supported Republican Herbert Hoover,[9] who went on to lose the state that year by only seven thousand votes.

Following Smith, Alabama’s loyalty to the national Democratic Party would be broken when Harry S. Truman, seeking a strategy to win the Cold War against the radically egalitarian rhetoric of Communism,[10] launched the first Civil Rights bill since Reconstruction. Southern Democrats became enraged and for the 1948 presidential election, Alabama’s Democratic presidential elector primary chose electors who were pledged to not vote for incumbent President Truman,[11] while the state Supreme Court ruled that any statute requiring party presidential electors to vote for that party's national nominee was void, with the result that Truman was entirely excluded from the Alabama ballot[12] despite a “Loyalist” group petitioning incumbent governor "Big Jim" Folsom to allow Truman electors on the ballot alongside the “Democratic” electors pledged to States’ Rights nominee Strom Thurmond.[13]

After Thurmond, running as the “Democratic” nominee, carried Alabama by a margin only slightly smaller than Franklin D. Roosevelt’s four victories, Dixiecrats would lose control of the state party to loyalists in 1950. For 1952, these loyalists would pledge state Democrats to support the national nominees, Illinois Governor Adlai Stevenson and running mate, US Senator John Sparkman,[14] whilst unlike the other three states who voted for Thurmond, few Alabama Democrats would support Republican nominees Columbia University President Dwight D. Eisenhower and California Senator Richard Nixon.[15] Despite this, Eisenhower did briefly visit the state during September, and gained some public support over issues of taxation and the stalemated Korean War.[16]

Polls

Source Ranking As of
Lansing State Journal[17] Safe D (Flip) September 17, 1952
The Montgomery Advertiser[18] Safe D (Flip) October 23, 1952
Lubbock Morning Avalanche[16] Safe D (Flip) October 24, 1952
The Salt Lake Tribune[19] Safe D (Flip) October 24, 1952
The Greeneville Sun[20] Certain D (Flip) October 25, 1952
The Modesto Bee[21] Safe D (Flip) October 27, 1952

Results

General election results[22]
Party Pledged to Elector Votes
Democratic Party Adlai Stevenson II Miles C. Allgood 275,075
Democratic Party Adlai Stevenson II DeWitt Carmichael 274,971
Democratic Party Adlai Stevenson II James J. Mayfield 274,930
Democratic Party Adlai Stevenson II J. E. Brantley 274,915
Democratic Party Adlai Stevenson II Samuel W. Cleveland 274,853
Democratic Party Adlai Stevenson II Roy Davis McCord 274,830
Democratic Party Adlai Stevenson II Luther Patrick 274,828
Democratic Party Adlai Stevenson II W. W. Malone 274,777
Democratic Party Adlai Stevenson II W. D. Partlow, Jr. 274,536
Democratic Party Adlai Stevenson II Frank Embry 274,461
Democratic Party Adlai Stevenson II William C. Taylor 274,429
Republican Party Dwight D. Eisenhower William E. Brooks, Jr. 149,231
Republican Party Dwight D. Eisenhower L. A. Carroll 148,994
Republican Party Dwight D. Eisenhower John B. Byrd 148,976
Republican Party Dwight D. Eisenhower Paul G. Parsons 148,936
Republican Party Dwight D. Eisenhower J. F. Moore 148,914
Republican Party Dwight D. Eisenhower John A. Posey 148,906
Republican Party Dwight D. Eisenhower Offa B. Cosby 148,902
Republican Party Dwight D. Eisenhower Leander Isbell 148,890
Republican Party Dwight D. Eisenhower Arthur South 148,872
Republican Party Dwight D. Eisenhower Roberts S. Cartledge 148,794
Republican Party Dwight D. Eisenhower Carl Wiegand 148,783
Prohibition Party Stuart Hamblen Leon Browning 1,814
Prohibition Party Stuart Hamblen C. B. Davis 1,719
Prohibition Party Stuart Hamblen W. C. Eubank 1,716
Prohibition Party Stuart Hamblen J. A. Fields 1,713
Prohibition Party Stuart Hamblen Thomas G. Jones 1,696
Prohibition Party Stuart Hamblen Jack Moore 1,693
Prohibition Party Stuart Hamblen J. B. Lockhart 1,689
Prohibition Party Stuart Hamblen Cora H. McAdory 1,685
Prohibition Party Stuart Hamblen Glenn V. Tingley 1,681
Prohibition Party Stuart Hamblen Eulalia Vess 1,678
Prohibition Party Stuart Hamblen G. D. Lewis 1,677
Total votes 426,120

Results by county

County Adlai Stevenson
Democratic 		Dwight D. Eisenhower
Republican 		Stuart Hamblen
Prohibition 		Margin Total votes cast
# % # % # % # %
Autauga 1,505 65.21% 787 34.10% 16 0.69% 718 31.11% 2,308
Baldwin 3,386 51.17% 3,179 48.04% 52 0.79% 207 3.13% 6,617
Barbour 2,250 73.77% 798 26.16% 2 0.07% 1,452 47.61% 3,050
Bibb 1,971 71.18% 784 28.31% 14 0.51% 1,187 42.87% 2,769
Blount 3,161 64.67% 1,720 35.19% 7 0.14% 1,441 29.48% 4,888
Bullock 918 67.50% 442 32.50% 0 0.00% 476 35.00% 1,360
Butler 2,440 69.16% 1,087 30.81% 1 0.03% 1,353 38.35% 3,528
Calhoun 8,023 71.68% 3,064 27.37% 106 0.95% 4,959 44.31% 11,193
Chambers 6,155 85.61% 990 13.77% 45 0.63% 5,165 71.84% 7,190
Cherokee 2,664 82.96% 539 16.79% 8 0.25% 2,125 66.17% 3,211
Chilton 2,269 46.84% 2,563 52.91% 12 0.25% -294 -6.07% 4,844
Choctaw 1,583 72.45% 593 27.14% 9 0.41% 990 45.31% 2,185
Clarke 3,121 70.53% 1,303 29.45% 1 0.02% 1,818 41.08% 4,425
Clay 1,972 62.33% 1,183 37.39% 9 0.28% 789 24.94% 3,164
Cleburne 1,557 66.14% 792 33.64% 5 0.21% 765 32.50% 2,354
Coffee 3,919 84.83% 699 15.13% 2 0.04% 3,220 69.70% 4,620
Colbert 5,920 81.01% 1,381 18.90% 7 0.10% 4,539 62.11% 7,308
Conecuh 1,678 68.27% 749 30.47% 31 1.26% 929 37.80% 2,458
Coosa 1,501 65.52% 788 34.40% 2 0.09% 713 31.12% 2,291
Covington 4,956 75.57% 1,581 24.11% 21 0.32% 3,375 51.46% 6,558
Crenshaw 2,485 81.96% 544 17.94% 3 0.10% 1,941 64.02% 3,032
Cullman 5,254 60.62% 3,391 39.13% 22 0.25% 1,863 21.49% 8,667
Dale 2,669 70.93% 1,073 28.51% 21 0.56% 1,596 42.42% 3,763
Dallas 2,082 44.95% 2,550 55.05% 0 0.00% -468 -10.10% 4,632
DeKalb 5,209 56.52% 3,997 43.37% 11 0.12% 1,212 13.15% 9,217
Elmore 4,199 76.10% 1,315 23.83% 4 0.07% 2,884 52.27% 5,518
Escambia 3,385 73.86% 1,187 25.90% 11 0.24% 2,198 47.96% 4,583
Etowah 10,997 70.06% 4,634 29.52% 66 0.42% 6,363 40.54% 15,697
Fayette 2,287 60.52% 1,481 39.19% 11 0.29% 806 21.33% 3,779
Franklin 3,461 58.73% 2,424 41.13% 8 0.14% 1,037 17.60% 5,893
Geneva 2,703 73.93% 950 25.98% 3 0.08% 1,753 47.95% 3,656
Greene 674 61.00% 430 38.91% 1 0.09% 244 22.09% 1,105
Hale 1,210 61.36% 758 38.44% 4 0.20% 452 22.92% 1,972
Henry 1,966 82.19% 421 17.60% 5 0.21% 1,545 64.59% 2,392
Houston 3,779 59.38% 2,517 39.55% 68 1.07% 1,262 19.83% 6,364
Jackson 3,677 74.15% 1,272 25.65% 10 0.20% 2,405 48.50% 4,959
Jefferson 38,111 53.85% 32,254 45.58% 401 0.57% 5,857 8.27% 70,766
Lamar 2,512 80.56% 605 19.40% 1 0.03% 1,907 61.16% 3,118
Lauderdale 7,097 78.62% 1,910 21.16% 20 0.22% 5,187 57.46% 9,027
Lawrence 2,651 76.49% 809 23.34% 6 0.17% 1,842 53.15% 3,466
Lee 2,803 63.22% 1,626 36.67% 5 0.11% 1,177 26.55% 4,434
Limestone 3,844 87.24% 549 12.46% 13 0.30% 3,295 74.78% 4,406
Lowndes 809 56.06% 631 43.73% 3 0.21% 178 12.33% 1,443
Macon 1,457 70.08% 621 29.87% 1 0.05% 836 40.21% 2,079
Madison 8,216 82.82% 1,623 16.36% 81 0.82% 6,593 66.46% 9,920
Marengo 1,790 56.79% 1,362 43.21% 0 0.00% 428 13.58% 3,152
Marion 2,850 65.55% 1,489 34.25% 9 0.21% 1,361 31.30% 4,348
Marshall 6,011 74.22% 2,069 25.55% 19 0.23% 3,942 48.67% 8,099
Mobile 14,473 50.40% 14,153 49.29% 89 0.31% 320 1.11% 28,715
Monroe 2,587 80.07% 637 19.72% 7 0.22% 1,950 60.35% 3,231
Montgomery 9,234 52.68% 8,102 46.22% 193 1.10% 1,132 6.46% 17,529
Morgan 7,029 74.94% 2,335 24.89% 16 0.17% 4,694 50.05% 9,380
Perry 1,352 64.02% 756 35.80% 4 0.19% 596 28.22% 2,112
Pickens 1,519 62.20% 905 37.06% 18 0.74% 614 25.14% 2,442
Pike 2,546 72.45% 965 27.46% 3 0.09% 1,581 44.99% 3,514
Randolph 2,964 73.77% 1,047 26.06% 7 0.17% 1,917 47.71% 4,018
Russell 3,564 80.38% 867 19.55% 3 0.07% 2,697 60.83% 4,434
St. Clair 2,326 59.31% 1,590 40.54% 6 0.15% 736 18.77% 3,922
Shelby 2,473 53.34% 2,156 46.51% 7 0.15% 317 6.83% 4,636
Sumter 894 55.91% 702 43.90% 3 0.19% 192 12.01% 1,599
Talladega 5,028 58.18% 3,588 41.52% 26 0.30% 1,440 16.66% 8,642
Tallapoosa 5,055 80.89% 1,187 19.00% 7 0.11% 3,868 61.89% 6,249
Tuscaloosa 7,677 65.50% 3,872 33.04% 171 1.46% 3,805 32.46% 11,720
Walker 6,862 65.78% 3,490 33.45% 80 0.77% 3,372 32.33% 10,432
Washington 1,977 75.83% 623 23.90% 7 0.27% 1,354 51.93% 2,607
Wilcox 988 57.64% 725 42.30% 1 0.06% 263 15.34% 1,714
Winston 1,390 40.69% 2,017 59.05% 9 0.26% -627 -18.36% 3,416
Totals 275,075 64.55% 149,231 35.02% 1,814 0.43% 125,844 29.53% 426,120

Counties that flipped from Dixiecrat to Democratic

Counties that flipped from Dixiecrat to Republican

Results by congressional district

Adlai Stevenson won the majority of the vote in all of Alabama's congressional districts in 1952.[23] Candidate who won nationally is placed first in the table listed below.

District[23] Stevenson Eisenhower
1st 57.8% 42.2%
2nd 63.2% 36.8%
3rd 72.2% 27.8%
4th 64.1% 35.9%
5th 72.7% 27.3%
6th 61.3% 38.7%
7th 62.6% 37.4%
8th 79.6% 20.4%
9th 54.2% 45.8%

Analysis

Much as polls suggested, Alabama was won by Stevenson with 64.55 percent of the popular vote, against Eisenhower’s 35.02 percent.[24][25] Eisenhower, although not to the same degree as in Louisiana, Mississippi and South Carolina, did gain substantial support from Black Belt whites who could no longer accept the position of the national Democratic Party on civil rights, although this was largely confined to the central part of that region.[26] Eisenhower’s victory in Dallas County was the first Republican victory in this county since Rutherford B. Hayes in 1876.[27]

In contrast, the northern hill country remained very loyal to Stevenson, and in some counties with traditionally substantial Republican votes like Winston and DeKalb Eisenhower actually did worse than Thomas E. Dewey in 1948.

1952 would mark the last time Montgomery and Jefferson counties would vote Democratic in a presidential election until 1996 and 2008 respectively,[27] as both would become epicenters of the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s.

See also

References

  1. ^ "United States Presidential election of 1952 — Encyclopædia Britannica". Retrieved July 25, 2017.
  2. ^ "U.S. presidential election, 1952". Facts on File. Archived from the original on October 29, 2013. Retrieved October 24, 2013. Eisenhower, born in Texas, considered a resident of New York, and headquartered at the time in Paris, finally decided to run for the Republican nomination
  3. ^ "1952 Election for the Forty-Second Term (1953-57)". Retrieved July 25, 2017.
  4. ^ Perman, Michael (2001). Struggle for Mastery: Disfranchisement in the South, 1888–1908. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. p. Introduction.
  5. ^ Stanley, Harold Watkins (1987). Voter mobilization and the politics of race: the South and universal suffrage, 1952-1984. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 100. ISBN 0275926737.
  6. ^ a b Heersink, Boris; Jenkins, Jeffery A. (2020). Republican Party Politics and the American South, 1865-1968. Cambridge University Press. pp. 251–253. ISBN 9781107158436.
  7. ^ Casdorph, Paul D. (1981). Republicans, Negroes, and Progressives in the South, 1912-1916. The University of Alabama Press. pp. 70, 94–95. ISBN 0817300481.
  8. ^ Phillips, Kevin P. (1969). The Emerging Republican Majority. Arlington House. p. 255. ISBN 0870000586.
  9. ^ Chiles, Robert (2018). The Revolution of '28: Al Smith, American Progressivism, and the Coming of the New Deal. Cornell University Press. p. 115. ISBN 9781501705502.
  10. ^ Geselbracht, Raymond H., ed. (2007). The Civil Rights Legacy of Harry S. Truman. Truman State University Press. p. 53. ISBN 978-1931112673.
  11. ^ Jenkins, Ray (2012). Blind Vengeance: The Roy Moody Mail Bomb Murders. University of Georgia Press. p. 38. ISBN 978-0820341019.
  12. ^ Key, V.O. junior; Southern Politics in State and Nation; p. 340 ISBN 087049435X
  13. ^ Barnard, William D. (November 30, 1984). Dixiecrats and Democrats: Alabama Politics 1942-50. University of Alabama Press. p. 123. ISBN 0817302557.
  14. ^ Barnard. Dixiecrats and Democrats. p. 142
  15. ^ Perman, Michael (2009). Pursuit of Unity: A Political History of the American South. University of North Carolina Press. p. 274. ISBN 978-0807833247.
  16. ^ a b Cornell, Douglas B. (October 24, 1952). "Most Southern States Continue to Back Demos Despite Sizeable Republican Inroads — GOP Has Even Chance to Carry Virginia, Texas, Florida". Lubbock Morning Avalanche. Lubbock, Texas. p. 11.
  17. ^ Cornell, Douglas B. (September 17, 1952). "Ike Given 50–50 Chance To Break into Solid South". Lansing State Journal. Lansing, Michigan. pp. 7, 16.
  18. ^ Simms, Leroy (October 23, 1952). "State Tagged for Democrats: Adlai Given 67 to 33 Advantage over Ike". The Montgomery Advertiser. Montgomery, Alabama. pp. 2–A.
  19. ^ Cornell, Douglas B. (October 24, 1952). "Journalists Bet 50–50 Ike Will Dent South". The Salt Lake Tribune. Salt Lake City. pp. 1–2.
  20. ^ "US Poll Shows — Eisenhower Leading Stevenson in Electoral Votes, but Governor Has More States in His Column". The Greeneville Sun. Greeneville, Tennessee. Princeton Research Service. October 25, 1952. pp. 1, 8.
  21. ^ "NY Times Survey Indicates Close Election Tuesday". The Modesto Bee. Modesto, California. October 27, 1952. p. 8.
  22. ^ Alabama Official and Statistical Register, 1955. Wetumpka, Alabama: Wetumpka Printing Co. 1955. pp. 507–515.
  23. ^ a b "1952 United States Presidential Election, Results by Congressional District". Western Washington University. Retrieved December 18, 2024.
  24. ^ "1952 Presidential General Election Results – Alabama". Retrieved July 25, 2017.
  25. ^ "The American Presidency Project — Election of 1952". Retrieved July 25, 2017.
  26. ^ Strong, Donald S. (August 1955). "The Presidential Election in the South, 1952". The Journal of Politics. 17 (3): 343–389. doi:10.1017/S0022381600091064.
  27. ^ a b Menendez, Albert J. (2005). The Geography of Presidential Elections in the United States, 1868-2004. McFarland. pp. 146–147. ISBN 0786422173.

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American baseball player (born 1950) This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous.Find sources: Greg Luzinski – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (November 2016) (Learn how and when to remove thi...

 

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System to measure electrical resistance This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Wheatstone bridge – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Wheatstone bridge circuit diagram. The unknown resistance Rx is to be measured; resistances R1, R2 a...

 

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