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The year 1761 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

Astronomy

Guillaume Le Gentil, who had hoped to observe from Pondicherry in India, is prevented from doing so due to the Seven Years' War and Ruđer Bošković arrives late in Constantinople.

Louis Gérard publishes Flora Gallo-Provincialis, the first flora arranged according to natural classification.^[1]

Johan Gottschalk Wallerius publishes his pioneering work in agricultural chemistry, Agriculturae fundamenta chemica (Åkerbrukets chemiska grunder).

Leopold Auenbrugger publishes Novum ex Percussione Thoracis Humani Interni Pectoris Morbos Detegendi in Vienna, for the first time advocating percussion of the chest as a diagnostic measure.
Giovanni Battista Morgagni publishes De Sedibus et causis morborum per anatomem indagatis ("Of the seats and causes of diseases investigated through anatomy", published in Venice), a pioneering work of anatomical pathology.
Samuel-Auguste Tissot publishes Avis au peuple sur sa santé, a popular text of the century.^[3]

August 4 – Claude Bourgelat founds the first veterinary school, in Lyon; courses begin in 1762.

Opening of Matthew Boulton's Soho Manufactory in England.
The British Royal Navy first experiments with the copper sheathing of its warship hulls.^[4]

January 4 – Stephen Hales (born 1677), English physiologist and clergyman.
March 21 – Pierre Fauchard (born 1679), French physician and "father of modern dentistry".^[6]
April 7 – Thomas Bayes (born c. 1702), English mathematician.
May 14 – Thomas Simpson (born 1710), British mathematician.
November – Giovanni Poleni (born c. 1683), Italian mathematician and physicist.
November 30 – John Dollond (born 1706), English optician.

^ Williams, Roger L. (1988). "Gerard and Jaume: Two Neglected Figures in the History of Jussiaean Classification". Taxon. 37: 2–34. doi:10.2307/1220932. JSTOR 1220932.
^ Lambert, Johann Heinrich (1762). "Mémoire sur quelques propriétés remarquables des quantités transcendentes circulaires et logarithmiques". Histoire de l'Académie. XVII. Berlin (published 1768): 265–322.
^ Singy, Patrick (2010). "The popularization of medicine in the eighteenth century: writing, reading, and rewriting Samuel Auguste Tissot's Avis au peuple sur sa santé". The Journal of Modern History. 82: 769–800. doi:10.1086/656073. JSTOR 656073.
^ Harris, J. R. (1966). "Copper and shipping in the eighteenth century". Economic History Review. 19: 550–68.
^ "Copley Medal | British scientific award". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
^ Jean-François Vincent. "Fauchard, Pierre". www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr (in French). Bibliothèque interuniversitaire de Santé, Université de Paris (Base biographique). Retrieved 2021-02-08.