Étoile Nord-Africaine

This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (October 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Étoile Nord-Africaine

President	Messali Hadj
Secretary-General	Imache Amar
Founded	1926
Banned	1937
Succeeded by	Algerian People's Party
Ideology	Algerian nationalism Algerian independence Anti-Imperialism
Politics of Algeria Political parties Elections

Politics of Algeria


Member State of the African Union Member State of the Arab League
Constitution Constitutional history Human rights
Executive President (list) Abdelmadjid Tebboune Prime Minister (list) Nadir Larbaoui Cabinet
Legislature Council of the Nation President People's National Assembly President
Subdivisions Provinces Communes
Elections Recent elections Presidential: 2019 2024 Parliamentary: 2017 2021 Political parties
Foreign relations Ministry of Foreign Affairs Minister: Ahmed Attaf (list) Diplomatic missions of / in Algeria Nationality law Passport Visa requirements Visa policy
Other countries Algeria portal
v t e

The Étoile Nord-Africaine or ENA (French for North African Star) was an early Algerian nationalist organization founded in 1926.^[1] It was dissolved first in 1929, then reorganised in 1933 but was later finally dissolved in 1937. It can be considered a forerunner of the Algerian National Liberation Front (FLN), who fought France during the Algerian War (1954–62).

It was formed in 1926 by Algerian nationalist politician Hadj-Ali Abdelkader and called for an uprising against French colonial rule and total independence. It had no armed wing and attempted to organize peacefully. The party maintained links with the French Communist Party (PCF), until its dissolution. Later the Comintern, the PCF declared Algerian national independence premature. In 1925, Messali Hadj joined the ENA and in 1927 participated in the creation of the League Against Imperialism. The reorganisation of the 'Glorieuse ENA' in 1933 elected Messali Hadj President, Imache Amar Secretary General and Belkacem Radjef Treasurer. It also voted for an ambitious plan to lead Algeria to independence by peaceful means. The Étoile was dissolved by the French authorities in 1937 and Messali was imprisoned. It is considered by some the first modern Algerian political party.

In 1937, two months after its dissolution, the leaders of ENA, including Messali, founded the Algerian People's Party (PPA). This was subsequently dissolved in 1946 and was immediately followed by the creation of the Movement for the Triumph of Democratic Liberties (MTLD), which later became increasingly militant. Messali distanced himself from the MTLD mainstream when it became involved in the Algerian War started by the FLN in November 1954.

References

^ Jansen, Jan C.; Osterhammel, Jürgen (2017). Decolonization: A Short History. Princeton University Press. p. 52. ISBN 978-1-4008-8488-9. Archived from the original on 2024-05-21. Retrieved 2022-02-03.

External links

Program of the Étoile Nord-Africaine – by Messali Hadj, from www.marxists.org

Literature

Rachid Tlemcani, State and Revolution in Algeria, Boulder: Westview Press (1986).
Benyoucef Ben Khedda, "Les Origines du 1er Novembre 1954", Algiers: Editions Dahlab (1989).

Read other articles:

Catur korespondensi

Kartu pos untuk catur korespondensi Catur korespondensi ialah salah satu jenis permainan catur, biasanya dimainkan melalui penjelajah web koresponden, melalui surat elektronik maupun kartu pos. Catur korespondensi memungkinkan orang atau klub tertentu yang terpisah jauh secara geografis bermain satu sama lain tanpa bertemu muka. Hubungan jauh tersebut hanyalah salah satu dari sejumlah daya tarik catur koresponden. Turnamen catur korespondensi biasanya dilakukan di bawah kewenangan badan penga...

LGBT community

Community and culture of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people Gay community redirects here. For other uses, see LGBT culture § Gay men's culture. The examples and perspective in this article deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject. You may improve this article, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new article, as appropriate. (June 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)Greenwich Village, a gay nei...

Crystal of Knowledge

Crystal of KnowledgeUniversitas IndonesiaCrystal of Knowledge UI, Desember 2012Nama lainPerpustakaan Pusat Universitas IndonesiaInformasi umumStatusSelesaiJenisPerpustakaanLokasiDepok, Jawa Barat, IndonesiaRampung2009Biaya170 miliar RupiahData teknisJumlah lantai8Luas lantai33.000 m2 (360.000 sq ft)Desain dan konstruksiArsitekBudiman HendropurnomoPengembangDMC ArchitectKontraktor utamaArkoninSitus webwww.lib.ui.ac.id Kristal Pengetahuan (Crystal of Knowledge) merupakan perpusta...

Thomas Johnson

Thomas Johnson Hakim Mahkamah Agung Amerika SerikatMasa jabatan6 Agustus 1792 – 16 Januari 1793 Informasi pribadiKebangsaanAmerika SerikatProfesiHakimSunting kotak info • L • B Thomas Johnson adalah hakim Mahkamah Agung Amerika Serikat. Ia mulai menjabat sebagai hakim pada mahkamah tersebut pada tanggal 6 Agustus 1792. Masa baktinya sebagai hakim berakhir pada tanggal 16 Januari 1793.[1] Referensi ^ Justices 1789 to Present. Washington, D.C.: Mahkamah Agung Am...

ليكوود (نيويورك)

لمعانٍ أخرى، طالع ليكوود (توضيح). ليكوود الإحداثيات 42°06′03″N 79°19′19″W / 42.1008°N 79.3219°W / 42.1008; -79.3219 [1] تقسيم إداري البلد الولايات المتحدة[2] التقسيم الأعلى مقاطعة تشاتوكوا خصائص جغرافية المساحة 5.118199 كيلومتر مربع5.118198 كيلومتر مربع (1 أبر...

Faith (film)

FaithSutradaraJames KirkwoodDitulis olehJames KirkwoodPemeranMary Miles MinterSinematograferCarl WidenDistributorMutual FilmTanggal rilis 13 Maret 1916 (1916-03-13) (United States) NegaraUnited StatesBahasaAntarjudul Inggris Faith (juga dikenal dengan judul The Virtuous Outcast) adalah film bisu Amerika Serikat produksi tahun 1916 bergenre drama yang disutradarai serta ditulis skenarionya oleh James Kirkwood. Film ini, sampai sekarang masih bertahan di bawah pemeliharaan George Eastm...

Giri Mukti, Penajam, Penajam Paser Utara

Artikel ini tidak memiliki referensi atau sumber tepercaya sehingga isinya tidak bisa dipastikan. Tolong bantu perbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan referensi yang layak. Tulisan tanpa sumber dapat dipertanyakan dan dihapus sewaktu-waktu.Cari sumber: Giri Mukti, Penajam, Penajam Paser Utara – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR GirimuktiDesaKantor desa GirimuktiPeta lokasi Desa GirimuktiNegara IndonesiaProvinsiKalimantan TimurKabup...

WTF (YoungBoy Never Broke Again and Nicki Minaj song)

2023 song by YoungBoy Never Broke Again WTFSingle by YoungBoy Never Broke Again and Nicki Minajfrom the album Don't Try This at Home ReleasedApril 7, 2023 (2023-04-07)Length2:41Label Never Broke Again Motown Songwriter(s) Kentrell Gaulden Onika Maraj Adam Smith Daniel Lebrun Maurice Jordan Aaron Ho Aiden Yetman Benjamin Ibrahimovic Producer(s) Dom Wise D-Roc Kenoe Wayv Yetty Yo Benji YoungBoy Never Broke Again singles chronology Next (2023) WTF (2023) Rear View (2023) Nicki...

The Tudors

Historical fiction television series This article is about the television series. For the royal house, see House of Tudor. The TudorsGenreHistorical dramaCreated byMichael HirstWritten byMichael HirstStarringJonathan Rhys MeyersHenry CavillSam NeillCallum BlueHenry CzernyNatalie DormerMaria Doyle KennedyNick DunningJeremy NorthamAnthony BrophyJames FrainJamie Thomas KingHans MathesonPeter O'TooleAnnabelle WallisAlan Van SprangGerard McSorleyMax von SydowJoss StoneTamzin MerchantLothaire Blute...

Triumphal Procession

Coloured impression of blocks 132 (left),133-4 (right), showing the baggage-train, by Albrecht Altdorfer One of the floats bearing Maximilian's ancestors Part of the baggage train The Triumphal Procession (in German, Triumphzug) or Triumphs of Maximilian is a monumental 16th-century series of woodcut prints by several artists, commissioned by the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I. The composite image was printed from over 130 separate wood blocks; a total of 139 are known. Approximately 54 metr...

WKKF

Radio station in Ballston Spa, New YorkWKKFBallston Spa, New YorkBroadcast areaAlbany, New YorkFrequency102.3 MHz (HD Radio)BrandingKiss 102-3ProgrammingFormatTop 40 (CHR)SubchannelsHD2: 2010s hits iHeart2010s RadioAffiliationsPremiere NetworksOwnershipOwneriHeartMedia(iHM Licenses, LLC)Sister stationsWGY, WGY-FM, WRVE, WPYX, WTRY-FM, WOFXHistoryFirst air date1968 (as WKAJ-FM Saratoga Springs)Former call signsWKAJ-FM (1968–79)WASM (1979–87)WQQY (1987–91)WZRQ (1991–96)WXCR (1997–2000...

FC Aktobe

Kazakhstani football club Football clubAktobeFull nameFootball Club AktobeNickname(s)Red WhitesFounded1967; 57 years ago (1967) as Aktyubinets[1]GroundCentral StadiumCapacity12,729[2]OwnerAkimat of Aktobe RegionPresidentAskar ZhyrgalbekovManagerDmytro ParfyonovLeagueKazakhstan Premier League20233rd of 14WebsiteClub website Home colours Away colours Current season Football Club Aktobe (Kazakh: Aqtóbe Fýtbol Klýby), commonly referred to as FC Aktobe or simpl...

Sunnah

Bagian dari seriIslam Rukun Iman Keesaan Allah Malaikat Kitab-kitab Allah Nabi dan Rasul Allah Hari Kiamat Qada dan Qadar Rukun Islam Syahadat Salat Zakat Puasa Haji Sumber hukum Islam al-Qur'an Sunnah (Hadis, Sirah) Tafsir Akidah Fikih Syariat Sejarah Garis waktu Muhammad Ahlulbait Sahabat Nabi Khulafaur Rasyidin Khalifah Imamah Ilmu pengetahuan Islam abad pertengahan Penyebaran Islam Penerus Muhammad Budaya dan masyarakat Akademik Akhlak Anak-anak Dakwah Demografi Ekonomi Feminisme Filsafat...

الصحراء الغربية (مصر)

لمعانٍ أخرى، طالع الصحراء الغربية (توضيح). ميّز عن الصحراء الغربية. الصحراء قرب أبو سمبل، مصر الصحراء الغربية في مصر هي منطقة من الصحراء التي تقع غرب نهر النيل، حتى الحدود الليبية، وإلى الجنوب من البحر الأبيض المتوسط حتى الحدود مع السودان.[1][2] تمت تسميت...

البنك الأردني الكويتي

البنك الأردني الكويتيالبنك الأردني الكويتيمعلومات عامةالبلد الأردن التأسيس 1976النوع مؤسسة ماليةالمقر الرئيسي عمّان - الأردنموقع الويب jordan-kuwait-bank.com المنظومة الاقتصاديةالشركة الأم بنك برقانالصناعة تمويل المنتجات خدمات مالية النشاطات بنك_تجاريمناطق الخدمة الأردن �...

رابطة الأدباء الكويتيين

رابطة الأدباء الكويتيين البلد الكويت المقر الرئيسي العديلية تاريخ التأسيس 31 يناير 1965[1]، ونوفمبر 1964 المؤسس عبد المحسن الرشيد البدر الموقع الرسمي الموقع الرسمي تعديل مصدري - تعديل رابطة الأدباء الكويتيين تأسست في نوفمبر عام 1964 ومقرها العديلية و�...

Harvey Mansfield

American political philosopher Harvey MansfieldMansfield in March 2017BornHarvey Claflin Mansfield Jr. (1932-03-21) March 21, 1932 (age 92)New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.NationalityAmericanEducationHarvard University (BA, PhD)OccupationWilliam R. Kenan Jr. Professor of GovernmentNotable workManliness (2006)Children3AwardsNational Humanities MedalGuggenheim FellowshipBradley PrizePhilip Merrill AwardInstitutionsUniversity of California, BerkeleyHarvard UniversityHoover Institution, Stanford ...

Cascate d'Italia

Lista delle principali cascate d'Italia. Indice 1 Cascate naturali 1.1 Italia settentrionale 1.1.1 Cascata Cenghen 1.1.2 Le cascate di Stroppia 1.1.3 Cascate di Novalesa 1.1.4 Cascata di Planaval 1.1.5 Cascata del Toce 1.1.6 Cascate di Valganna 1.1.7 Cascate dell'Acqua Fraggia 1.1.8 Cascata di Pianazzo 1.1.9 Le cascate del Serio 1.1.10 Cascate in Alto Adige 1.1.11 Cascate del Varone 1.1.12 Cascata Radime 1.1.13 Cascate del Serpente 1.1.14 Cascate del Dardagna 1.1.15 Cascata dell'Alferello 1.2...

Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge

Protected area in Arizona Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife RefugeIUCN category IV (habitat/species management area)El Camino Del Diablo at the eastern entrance to CPNWR, 2014Map of the United StatesShow map of the United StatesCabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (Arizona)Show map of ArizonaLocationYuma County / Pima County, Arizona, United StatesNearest cityYuma, ArizonaCoordinates32°19′N 113°26′W / 32.317°N 113.433°W / 32.317; -113.433Area860,010 acres ...

Detroit Symphony Orchestra

American orchestra Detroit Symphony Orchestra (DSO)OrchestraOrchestra Hall at the Max M. Fisher Music CenterFounded1887Concert hallOrchestra Hall at the Max M. Fisher Music CenterPrincipal conductorJader BignaminiWebsitewww.dso.org The Detroit Symphony Orchestra (DSO[1]) is an American orchestra based in Detroit, Michigan. Its primary performance venue is Orchestra Hall at the Max M. Fisher Music Center in Detroit's Midtown neighborhood. Jader Bignamini is the current music director o...