ما فوق الجينوم

يُشير مصطلح "ما فوق الجينوم"(بالإنجليزية: Epigenome)[1][2] إلى سجل التغيرات الكيميائية الفوق جينية في الحمض النووي وبروتينات الهيستون لكائن حي؛ يمكن أن تنتقل هذه التغييرات إلى نسل الكائن الحي عبر الوراثة الفوق جينية العابرة للأجيال. يمكن أن تؤدي التغييرات في ما فوق الجينوم إلى تغييرات في بنية الكروماتين وتغييرات في وظيفة الجينوم، ولكن من غير تغيير تسلسل الحمض النووي على الإطلاق.[3]

ما فوق الجينوم

يشارك ما فوق الجينوم في تنظيم التعبير الجيني، والتنمية، وتمايز الأنسجة، وكبت الجينات القافزة. على عكس الجينوم، الذي يبقى ثابتًا إلى حد كبير داخل الفرد، يمكن أن يتغير ما فوق الجينوم الخاص بالكائن الحي بشكل مستمر بسبب الظروف البيئية.

السرطان

لا يزال علم ما فوق الجينات موضوع نشط حاليًا في أبحاث السرطان. تخضع الأورام البشرية إلى اضطراب كبير في مثيلة الدنا وأنماط تعديل الهيستون.

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المراجع

  1. ^ 1245088573؛ 431864920310452؛ 819955157 (17 يناير 2015). "من جينوم واحد تنشأ أنواع مختلفة من الخلايا – لكن كيف؟". www.syr-res.com. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-08-19. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2020-05-26. {{استشهاد ويب}}: الوسيط |الأخير= يحوي أسماء رقمية (مساعدة)
  2. ^ "الجينات وما فوق الجينات". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-12-05.
  3. ^ Bernstein، Bradley E.؛ Meissner، Alexander؛ Lander، Eric S. (2007-02). "The Mammalian Epigenome". Cell. ج. 128 ع. 4: 669–681. DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2007.01.033. ISSN:0092-8674. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-05-27. {{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}: تحقق من التاريخ في: |تاريخ= (مساعدة)

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