علم الشرطة

علم الشرطة هو العلم المتعلق بالأبحاث والدراسات الخاصة بعمل الشرطة. يشير هذا المصطلح بشكل أوسع إلى الدراسات والأبحاث في علم الإجرام وعلوم الطب الشرعي والطب النفسي وعلم النفس والقانون والشرطة المجتمعية والعدالة الجنائية والإدارة الإصلاحية وعلم العقوبات، لذا فهي تشمل العلوم الفيزيائية والاجتماعية.[1]

بحسب البلد

في فرنسا

في فرنسا، توجد ثلاث هيئات عامة مسؤولة عن عمليات الطب الشرعي:

  • المديرية الفرعية للشرطة الِتقنية والعلمّية (SDPTS).
  • معهد الطب الشرعي الوطني (INPS).
  • معهد البحوث الجنائية التابعة للدرك الوطني (IRCGN).

هذه الهياكل الثلاثة معتمدة من وزارة الداخلية.

في الولايات المتحدة

الشرطة العلمية الأمريكية تتبع بشكل عام الدولة الفيدرالية التي تمولها وليس الدولة الاتحادية. يزداد طلب هذا الفرع (الشرطة العلمّية) في القضايا الجنائية، ومختبراتها التحليلية تخضع لعدد متزايد من الطلبات، وذلك لأن بعض الولايات تقوم بتوسيع معايير تخزين بصمات الحمض النووي للمحاكم. ونتيجة لذلك في عام 2012م قام أحد العاملين في مختبر للشرطة العلمية بولاية ماساتشوستس بأخذ المخدرات التي ترسل إليه، وذلك من أجل اختبارها لمدة عشر سنوات. وقد تعرضت الكثير من القرارات القضائية للخطر استنادا إلى تحليلاته.[2]

وصلات خارجية

مراجع

  1. ^ "ADN : quand les "experts" se trompent". Le Monde.fr (بالفرنسية). 10 Dec 2010. Retrieved 2023-01-20.
  2. ^ le scandale qui secoue la police scientifique américaine, sur passeurdesciences.blog.lemonde.fr نسخة محفوظة 07 نوفمبر 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.
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