^ديتكتيف كومكس (vol. 1) #411 (May 1971 "Editor's Note: In Arabic, 'The Demon's Head'! Literally, Al Ghul signifies a mischief-maker, and appears as the Ghoul of the Arabian Nights!"
^Batman Villains Secret Files & Origins #1 (1998). "Ra's al Ghul's true name is lost in the sands of time. Of all the Dark Knight's foes, 'The Ghoul's Head', as his name translates from Arabic, is perhaps the most dangerous."
^McAvennie، Michael؛ Dolan، Hannah, ed. (2010). "1970s". DC Comics Year By Year A Visual Chronicle. دورلينج كيندرسلي. ص. 145. ISBN:978-0-7566-6742-9. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-06-16. Writer Denny O'Neil once stated that he and artist Neal Adams 'set out to consciously and deliberately to create a villain...so exotic and mysterious that neither we nor Batman were sure what to expect.' Who they came up with was arguably Batman's most cunning adversary: the global eco-terrorist named Ra's al Ghul.{{استشهاد بكتاب}}: |مؤلف2-الأول= باسم عام (مساعدة)صيانة الاستشهاد: أسماء متعددة: قائمة المؤلفين (link)
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