^Group Theory and the Vibrations of Polyatomic Molecules Jenny E. Rosenthal and G. M. Murphy Rev. Mod. Phys. 8, 317 - 346 (1936) دُوِي:10.1103/RevModPhys.8.317
^Quantum Chemistry, Third Edition John P. Lowe, Kirk Peterson ISBN 0-12-457551-X
^Physical Chemistry: A Molecular Approach by Donald A. McQuarrie, John D. Simon ISBN 0-935702-99-7
^The chemical bond 2nd Ed. J.N. Murrell, S.F.A. Kettle, J.M. Tedder ISBN 0-471-90760-X
^Physical Chemistry P.W. Atkins and J. de Paula (8th ed., W.H. Freeman 2006) ISBN 0-7167-8759-8, chap.12
^G. L. Miessler and D. A. Tarr Inorganic Chemistry (2nd ed., Pearson/Prentice Hall 1998) ISBN 0-13-841891-8, chap.4.
