ليمتنيي

ليمتنيي أو رايبنزيز، وهذا يعني على التوالي «الجنود في المناطق الحدودية» (من الكلمة اللاتينية الليمس، بمعنى منطقة عسكرية في مقاطعة حدودية) أو «الجنود على ضفة النهر» (من الراين والدانوب)، كانت جزءا هاما من الجيش الروماني المتأخر (Late Roman army)  والبيزنطي المبكر بعد إعادة تنظيمه أواخر القرن الثالث وأوائل القرن الرابع.[1] الليمتنيي على العكس من كومتاتنيس، بلاديني، سكولا (Scholae)، كانوا يتحصنون بالتحصينات على طول الحدود (Roman military frontiers and fortifications) من الإمبراطورية الرومانية وليس من المتوقع عادة أن يقاتلوا بعيدا عن التحصينات.

المراجع والمصادر

  1. ^ "معلومات عن ليمتنيي على موقع britannica.com". britannica.com. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2015-09-22.

المصادر الأساسية

المصادر الثانوية

  • M.C. Bishop and J.C.N. Coulston, Roman Military Equipment, From the Punic Wars to the Fall of Rome (Oxbow Books, 2006)
  • Hugh Elton, Warfare in Roman Europe AD 350-425 (Oxford University Press, 1996).
  • Peter Heather, The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History, (MacMillan, 2005).
  • Benjamin Isaac, The Limits of Empire: the Roman Army in the East (Oxford University Press, revised ed. 1992).
  • A.D. Lee, War in Late Antiquity, A Social History (Blackwell, 2007).
  • Luttwak، Edward (1976). The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire. Johns Hopkins. ISBN:0801821584.
  • Pat Southern and Karen R. Dixon, The Late Roman Army (Routledge, 1996).
  • Karl Strobel, "Strategy and Army Structure between Septimius Severus and Constantine the Great," in Paul Erdkamp, A Companion to the Roman Army (Wiley-Blackwell, 2011).
  • Warren Treadgold, Byzantium and Its Army, 284-1081 (Stanford University Press, 1995).
  • Michael Whitby, "Army and Society in the Late Roman World" in Paul Erdkamp, A Companion to the Roman Army (Wiley-Blackwell, 2011).
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