داينتوا

الداينتوا ((باليونانية: δυνατοί)‏, "القوي") كان مصطلحًا قانونيًا في الإمبراطورية البيزنطية تم استُخدامه في القرن العاشر، وهو يشير إلى المستويات العليا من الرسميات المدنية والعسكرية والكنسية (بما في ذلك الرهبانية)، الذين عادةً ما كانوا، ولكن ليس دائمًا، يملكون أيضًا ثروات كبيرة وممتلكات وأراضي. على الرغم من أن هذه المنصب لم تكن عادة وراثية، إلا أنها في أواخر القرن العاشر وأوائل القرن الحادي عشر بدأت في الاحتكار من قبل عدد محدود من العائلات التي شكلت في منتصف القرن الحادي عشر طبقة أرستقراطية وراثية.[1]

المراجع

  1. ^ Cappel 1991.

المصادر

  • Cappel، Andrew J. (1991). "Dynatoi". في ألكسندر، كازدان (المحرر). قاموس اكسفورد البيزنطي. أكسفورد و نيويورك: دار نشر جامعة أكسفورد. ص. 667–668. ISBN:0-19-504652-8.
  • The Economic History of Byzantium: From the Seventh through the Fifteenth Century، دومبارتون أوكس، 2002، ISBN:978-0-88402-332-6، مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-03-28, esp. pp. 1074–82, 1087–1091
  • Lemerle، Paul (1979)، The Agrarian History of Byzantium from the Origins to the Twelfth Century: The Sources and Problems، Galway University Press
  • McGeer، Eric (2000)، The land legislation of the Macedonian emperors، Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies، ISBN:0-88844-288-2
  • Morris، Rosemary (1976)، "The Powerful and the Poor in Tenth-Century Byzantium: Law and Reality"، Past and Present، ج. 73، ص. 3–27
  • Ostrogorsky، George (1966)، "V. Agrarian Conditions in the Byzantine Empire in the Middle Ages]"، Cambridge Economic History of Europe, Volume Ι (ط. 2nd)، Cambridge University Press، ص. 205–234
  • Rosser، John H. (2011)، "Dynatoi"، Historical Dictionary of Byzantium، Scarecrow Press، ص. 162–163، ISBN:9780810874770، مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-12-29
  • Toynbee، Arnold (1973)، "The Encroachments of the Δυνατοί on the Land-holdings of the Πένητες and the Emperors' Agrarian Legislation"، Constantine Porphyrogenitus and His World، Oxford University Press، ص. 145–176، ISBN:0-19-215253-X
أيقونة بذرة

هذه بذرة مقالة عن موضوع متعلق باليونان بحاجة للتوسيع. فضلًا شارك في تحريرها.

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