Wet van Archimedes

Voorstelling van Archimedes se wet.
Die voorwerp dryf omdat die opwaartse krag FA gelyk is aan die teenoorgestelde krag Fp.
Vi is die volume van die verplaaste vloeistof.
Archimedes het moontlik sy beginsel van dryfvermoë gebruik om te bepaal of 'n goudkroon minder dig as soliede goud is.

Die wet van Archimedes is 'n wetenskaplike beginsel wat verband hou met die dryfvermoë en verplasing van voorwerpe. Dit verduidelik die opwaartse krag wat 'n voorwerp ondervind as dit in 'n vloeistof of gas geplaas word. Hierdie krag is gelykstaande aan die gewig van die verplaaste volume van die vloeistof of gas.[1] Hierdie opwaartse krag word die archimedeskrag genoem.

Die beginsel is in die 3de eeu v.C. deur Archimedes van Sirakuse ontdek toe hy in die bad gesit het. Hy het opgespring, kaal in die straat afgehardloop en geskreeu "Eureka" (ek het dit gevind)![2] Voorwerpe kon teen daardie tyd akkuraat geweeg word, maar met dié ontdekking kon die volume van 'n voorwerp met die massa daarvan verbind word, om so die digtheid te bepaal.

Beginsel

Wanneer 'n mens 'n voorwerp in vloeistof plaas, voel dit of die voorwerp 'n sekere hoeveelheid minder weeg. Hierdie gewig is gelykstaande aan die gewig van die vloeistof wat dit verplaas het. Archimedes het die dryfvermoë van 'n voorwerp in vloeistof as volg gedefinieer:

Enige drywende voorwerp verplaas sy eie gewig in vloeistof.

Meer algemeen, vir drywende en gesinkte (onderdompelde) voorwerpe, in 'n vloeistof of gas, kan sy wet as volg gestel word:

Die opwaartse krag wat 'n liggaam in 'n vloeistof of gas ondervind is gelyk aan die gewig van die verplaaste vloeistof of gas.

Vir 'n drywende voorwerp is die gewig van die verplaaste vloeistof die gewig van die voorwerp. Vir 'n gesinkte voorwerp is die volume van die voorwerp dieselfde as die volume van die verplaaste vloeistof.

Kortliks: Dryfvermoë = gewig van verplaaste vloeistof.

Toepassing

Om die beginsel te gebruik om die verskil tussen goud en 'n ander stof te bepaal, moet die konsep van massa (in die praktyk, gewig) bygevoeg word.

Pas hierdie formule op 'n stuk suiwer goud toe:

Dit gee die digtheid van die goud (die digtheid van water is 1). Die digtheid van die kroon kan nou bepaal word om te bepaal of dit dieselfde of minder dig is.

As alternatief kan 'n skaal gebruik word. Plaas die voorwerp wat getoets word op die een kant (bv. 'n kroon). Plaas goud van gelyke gewig op die ander kant. As die skaal in die vloeistof geplaas word, en die goud afsak, beteken dit dat die voorwerp 'n groter dryfvermoë as goud het, omdat dit minder dig as goud is. Dit het dus 'n groter volume en groter dryfvermoë.

Goudsmede kon dus nie meer silwer met goud meng en daarmee wegkom nie, omdat die digtheid en dus die volume daarvan verskil het.

Verwysings

  1. ↑ HAT Taal-en-feitegids, Pearson, Desember 2013, ISBN 978-1-77578-243-8
  2. ↑ Acott, Chris (1999). "The diving "Law-ers": A brief resume of their lives". South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society journal. 29 (1). ISSN 0813-1988. OCLC 16986801. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 2 April 2011. Besoek op 13 Junie 2009..

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