Sonnebaan

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Die vlak van die sonnebaan kan mooi gesien word op hierdie foto van 1994 deur die Clementine-ruimtetuig. Clementine se kamera wys hier (van regs na links) die Maan, verlig deur die aarde se weerkaatsing, die Son se gloed wat oor die donker deel van die maan opkom en die planete Saturnus, Mars en Mercurius (die drie kolle links onder).
Die sonnebaan van die kant af gesien. Dit wys die planete Mercurius, Venus, Aarde en Mars en toon aan hoe die planete op dieselfde vlak om die Son beweeg.

Die sonnebaan (ook die ekliptika genoem) omskryf die vlak wat die wentelbaan van die Aarde om die Son bevat. Die wentelbaan van die meeste planete in die sonnestelsel lê baie na aan dié vlak. Van die Aarde gesien is dit 'n reusesirkel (om die waarnemer) wat deur die hemelruim loop en die verskillende punte van die son se pad oor die verloop van 'n jaar daarop bevat relatief tot die sterre op die agtergrond.

Die diereriem lê ook op die sonnebaan. Die sonnebaan vorm 'n hoek van ~23.5° met die hemelewenaar vanweë die helling van die aarde se as met betrekking tot sy wentelbaan. Die wentelbaan van die Maan vorm 'n helling van ~5° met betrekking tot die sonnebaan.

Omdat daar ~365.25 dae in 'n jaar is en daar 360 grade in 'n sirkel is, lyk dit asof die son met ongeveer 'n graad per dag met die sonnebaan langs beweeg. Hierdie beweging is van wes na oos, in teenstelling met die skynbare oos-wes-beweging van die hemelruim.

Die sonnebaan en die hemelewenaar kruis mekaar op twee punte direk teenoor mekaar. Hierdie punte is die dag-en-nag-eweninge, wanneer die dag en nag op alle plekke op aarde ongeveer 12 uur lank is.

Die punt op die sonnebaan wat die verste noord is van die hemelewenaar word die wintersonkeerpunt of -sonstandpunt genoem (die somersonkeerpunt in die Noordelike Halfrond) en wanneer die punt die verste suid van die hemelewenaar is, is die omgekeerde waar. Die son se skynbare jaarlikse beweging langs die sonnebaan is die gevolg van die Aarde se wentelbeweging en hellingshoek.

Wanneer die Maan tydens donkermaan die sonnebaan kruis (knope genoem), sal 'n sonsverduistering plaasvind.

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