Osman I

Osman I
Ottomaanse heerser

Volle naam Osman Ghazi
Ottomaanse naam عثمان بن أرطغرل
Tydperk 1299–1324
Stadium Opgang van die Ottomaanse Ryk
Huis Osman
Voorganger Nuwe ryk
Opvolger Orhan

Osman I (Ottomaanse Turks: عثمان بن أرطغرل, moderne Turks: I.Osman; 1258–1326) was die leier van die Ottomaanse Turke. Hy was die stigter van die Huis van Osman en die grondlegger van die Ottomaanse Ryk. Die ryk sou langer as ses eeue bestaan.

Osman (sy naam is die Turkse ekwivalent van die Moslemse naam Oethman) het sy eie klein koninkryk van die Seldjoekse Turke in 1299 onafhanklik verklaar. Die weswaartse stukrag van die Moongolse inval het talle Moslems na Osman se prinsdom Anatolië gedryf. Toe die Bisantynse Ryk, die oostelike tak van die Romeinse Ryk, begin verval, het die Ottomaanse Ryk sy plek ingeneem.

Oorsprong van die ryk

Die Ottomaanse Ryk onder Osman I

Ertuğrul, Osman se pa, het met die Turkse Kayi-stam van die Mongole weggevlug na Anatolië. Hy het trou gesweer aan sultan Kayqubad I van die Seldjoekse Sultanaat van Rûm, wat hom toestemming gegee het om ’n emiraat te stig en dit uit te brei as hy kon ten koste van die naburige Bisantynse provinsies. Die ligging was gunstig, aangesien die Bisantynse Ryk in die weste aan die agteruitgang was en Moslems in die ooste onder die Seldjoekse Turke versplinter was weens die Mongoolse aggressie en interne twis.

Osman het sy pa in 1281 opgevolg na dié se dood. Sy ryk het gegroei vanweë soldate wat van oor die hele Moslem-wêreld gekom het om teen die verswakkende Bisantynse Ryk te veg asook Turkse stamme wat van die Mongole gevlug het. Onder Osman se sterk leierskap het hierdie groepe ’n formidabele mag geword en die fondamente van die ryk is gou gelê. Osman het sy oog gehad op die Bisantynse Ryk en het die laaste 26 jaar van sy lewe bestee om dele daarvan te verower.

Sy laaste veldtog was teen die Bisantyne van die stad Bursa.[1] Hoewel hy nie self aan die oorlog deelgeneem het nie, was die oorwinning oor Bursa baie belangrik vir die Turke, want dit het as basis gedien van waar hulle teen Konstantinopel geveg het.

Verwysings

  1. ↑ The Fall of Constantinople 1453, deur Steven Runciman, bl. 33

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