Lanseerontsnapstelsel

Die lanseerontsnapstelsel (LOS) of lanseeraborteerstelsel (LAS) is 'n veiligheidstelsel wat ontwerp is om die bemanning veilig te hou. Die stelsel is bo-aan die bemanningskapsule gekonnekteer en word gebruik gedurende 'n noodgeval, bv. dreigende ontploffing, om die bemanning vinnig weg van die vuurpyl te verplaas. Die LOS word beheer deur 'n kombinasie van outomatiese vuurpylfalingbespeuring en daar is ook 'n prosedure vir die ruimtemanne om die stelsel met die hand te aktiveer. Die stelsel mag gebruik word wanneer die vuurpyl nog staties op die lanseerplatform staan of gedurende die opstygtydperk. Daar is twee tipe ontsnapstelsels:

Die een bestaan uit 'n vastestaat-aangedrewe vuurpyl, wat net bokant die kapsule op 'n toring gemonteer is, wat 'n groot krag skielik vir 'n kort tydperk uitoefen om die kapsule na 'n veilige afstand weg van die vuurpyl te neem. Dan sal die kapsule se valskermherwinningstelsel inskakel en die kapsule land veilig op die grond of in water. In 'n normale vlug word die toring en vuurpyl mee weggedoen wanneer dit nie langer benodig word nie of nie meer effektiewelik gebruik kan word nie. Hierdie ontwerp was gebruik op die Mercury-, Apollo-, Sojoes- en Shenzhou kapsules.

Die tweede tipe is waar die bemanning in stoele sit wat kan uitskiet, soos gebruik in militêre vliegtuie. Elke bemanningslid keer terug na die aarde met sy eie valskerm. Hierdie tipe stelsel is net effektief vir 'n beperkte reeks hoogtes en snelhede. Die stelsel is gebruik in die Wostok- en Gemini kapsules.

Geskiedenis

Die gedagte om 'n vuurpyl te gebruik vir die LOS om die kapsule te verwyder is ontwikkel deur Maxime Faget in 1958.^[1] Die stelsel, wat die toring met die vuurpyle bo-op die kapsule plaas, is die eerste keer getoets met 'n Mercury kapsule in Maart 1959. Die LOS is gebruik op die Mercury- en Apollo-programme. Beide ontwerpe het 'n vastestaatbrandstofvuurpyl gebruik. Die Mercury LOS is gebou deur die Grand Central Rocket Company in Redlands, Kalifornië - hulle het later Lockheed Propulsion Company geword. Die Apollo-program het die Apollo 28LES.29 ontwerp gebruik wat baie ooreenkomste met die Mecury-stelsel gehad het. Die Russe en Chinese het ook aanhou om LOS te gebruik op die Sojoes en Shenzhou-ruimtetuie. SpaceX het hulle eie ontwerp gemaak, genaamd Dragon 2. Die LOS gebruik 'n hipergoliese vloeibare brandstofstelsel wat geïntegreer is in die kapsule om kostes te bespaar.

Verwysings

↑ "astronautix Escape Tower". Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 8 November 2013.

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