Druk

Druk is 'n intensiewe fisiese grootheid van termodinamiese stelsels. Druk word gewoonlik uitgedruk as 'n krag wat oor 'n oppervlakte uitgeoefen word en kan wiskundig as volg uitgedruk word:

$P={\frac {F}{A}}\ {\mbox{of}}\ P={\frac {dF}{dA}}$

waar:

P

die druk is,

F

die krag is,

A

die oppervlakte is.

Die afgeleide SI-eenheid van druk is die Pascal. In terme van eenheidsimbole:

{\text{Pa}}={\frac {\text{N}}{{\text{m}}^{2}}}={\frac {{\text{kg}}\cdot {\text{m}}/{\text{s}}^{2}}{{\text{m}}^{2}}}={\frac {\text{kg}}{{\text{m}}\cdot {\text{s}}^{2}}}

Drukomskakelings

Die volgende is alles 1 atmosfeer druk:

1	atm
101.325	kPa
1.01325	bar (1 bar = 100 kPa)
1.03323	kgf/cm²
14.696	pvd(psi)
2116.217	lb/vt² (psf)
33.90⁽¹⁾	vt H₂O (@ 4 °C)
406.78	duim H₂O (@ 4 °C)
10332.28	mm H₂O (@ 4 °C)
10.332⁽²⁾	m H₂O (@ 4 °C)
760	mm Hg (@ 0 °C) (of torr)
2.493	vt Hg (@ 0 °C)

Sommige bronne gebruik 33.19 vt H₂O (@ 4 °C)
Sommige bronne gebruik 10.2 m H₂O (@ 4 °C)

Atmosferiese druk vs hoogte bo seespieël

Die atmosferiese druk as 'n funksie van hoogte bo seespieël is die volgende:

P=101.325(1-2.25577\times 10^{-5}H)^{5.25588}

^[1]

waar:

P

= atmosferiese druk in kPa

H

= Hoogte bo seevlak in m

Kyk ook barometriese formule.

Absolute- en meterdruk

Meterdruk is die druk wat 'n meter meet. Byvoorbeeld, indien die druk in jou motorband 200 kPa (2 bar) is, is dit die meterdruk. Om te onderskei, word 'n "(g)" (vir gauge) agter die eenhede geskryf. Dus, 200 kPa meterdruk word ook geskryf as 200 kPa(g).

Absolute druk is omgewingsdruk + meterdruk. Die omgewingsdruk by seevlak is 101.325 kPa. As jou banddruk by seevlak 200 kPa(g) is, dan is die absolute druk in jou band 101.325 + 200 = 301.325 kPa(a). Indien jy nou na Pretoria ry waar die hoogte bo seespieël 1 339 m is, en die atmosferiese druk 101.325×(1 – 2.25577×10^-5×(1339))^5.25588 = 86.2 kPa, dan verhoog jou banddruk na 101.325 + 200 – 86.2 = 215.1 kPa. Dus, alhoewel jy geen addisionele lug in jou band gepomp het nie, het jou banddruk verhoog.

Daarom is dit baie belangrik om jou fiets se wiele af te blaas as jy jou fiets met 'n vliegtuig vervoer: Indien jou fiets 'n padfiets is, en jy pomp dit gewoonlik teen 700 kPa, is jou absolute banddruk by seevlak 700 + 101 = 801 kPa(a). Indien 'n vliegtuig 10000 meter hoog vlieg, is die lugdruk 101.325×(1 – 2.25577×10^-5×(10000))^5.25588 = 26.4 kPa. Dus verhoog die banddruk in jou fiets se band na 700 + 101.325 – 26.4 = 774 kPa(g). Dit mag genoeg wees om die band te bars.

Nog 'n voorbeeld is, indien jy in Pretoria woon en by die see gaan vakansie hou, sal jy opmerk dat jou sjampoebottel ingeduik is as jy by die see kom. Dit is omdat die meterdruk van die bottel verminder het.

Bylaag A: Drukomskakelingsberekeninge

kgf/cm² → Pa

kgf staan vir kilogram-krag. 1 kgf = 9.80665 Newton (kyk Swaartekragversnelling)

Verder, as ${\frac {N}{m^{2}}}=Pa$ , dan:

1{\frac {kgf}{cm^{2}}}\times {\frac {9.80665\ N}{1\ kgf}}\times \left({\frac {100\ cm}{1\ m}}\right)^{2}=98066.5{\frac {N}{m^{2}}}=98066.5\ Pa=98.0665\ kPa

Kyk ook

Sien druk in Wiktionary, die vrye woordeboek.

Verwysings

↑ Air Pressure and Altitude above Sea Level, The engineering toolbox

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