Corioliskrag

Die Corioliseffek is sigbaar by Orkaan Elena.

Die Corioliskrag is 'n traagheids- of skynkrag[1] in 'n roterende stelsel (soos die draaiende Aarde) waarvan die uitwerking die Carioliseffek genoem word. Die krag verduidelik die wegbuiging van die baan van 'n voorwerp in 'n roterende stelsel. Dit is veral duidelik by die beweging van wolkmassas van 'n hoogdruk- na 'n laagdrukgebied wat nie reg na die middel van laasgenoemde stroom nie, maar daaromheen sirkel.

In die Noordelike Halfrond gebeur dit antikloksgewys en in die Suidelike Halfrond kloksgewys. Die Carioliseffek is genoem na die Franse wetenskaplike Gustave-Gaspard Coriolis, wat dit in 1835 die eerste keer beskryf het.

Beskrywing

'n Waarnemer wat van bo op die roterende skyf afkyk (bo) kan sien die swart bal beweeg in 'n reguit lyn. Vir 'n waarnemer wat egter op die roterende skyf staan en saambeweeg (rooi kol, onder) lyk dit of die bal in 'n gekromde baan beweeg vanweë die Coriolis- en middelpuntvliedende krag wat hier teenwoordig is.

Newton se bewegingswette beskryf die beweging van 'n voorwerp in 'n traagheidsverwysingsraam (een wat nie beweeg nie). Wanneer Newton se wette na 'n roterende verwysingsraamwerk verskuif, tree Coriolis- en middelpuntvliedende versnellings in werking. Wanneer dit toegepas word op voorwerpe met 'n massa, hang die kragte van die massa af. Die grootte van die Corioliskrag is eweredig aan die rotasietempo en die grootte van die middelpuntvliedende krag eweredig aan die vierkantswortel van die rotasietempo.

Deur dié skynkragte in 'n roterende stelsel in ag te neem, kan Newton se bewegingswette op die roterende stelsel toegepas word asof dit 'n nieroterende stelsel is; die kragte is korreksiefaktore wat nie in 'n nieroterende stelsel nodig is nie.[2]

In gewilde, nietegniese gebruik van die term "Corioliseffek" is die roterende verwysingsraamwerk waarna verwys word die Aarde. Omdat die Aarde in die rondte tol, moet waarnemers op die Aarde die Corioliskrag in ag neem om die beweging van voorwerpe reg te ontleed. Die Aarde voltooi een rotasie in 24 uur en daarom is die Carioliseffek op alledaagse voorwerpe relatief klein; die effek word gewoonlik net opmerklik by bewegings oor groot afstande en vir lang tye, soos die grootkaalse beweging van lug in die atmosfeer of water in die see, of wanneer groot presisie belang is, soos met langafstandartillerie of missielbane.

Sulke bewegings word deur die oppervlak van die Aarde beperk, en daarom is net die horisontale komponent van die Corioliskrag gewoonlik belangrik. Die horisontale effek is gewoonlik groter by die pole en neem af tot byna nul by die ewenaar.[3]

Eerder as om soos in 'n nieroterende stelsel regstreeks van hoogdruk- na laagdrukgebiede te beweeg, sal winde en seestrome geneig wees om noord van die ewenaar na die regterkant van dié beweging te vloei (antikloksgewys) en suid van die ewenaar na die linkerkant (kloksgewys). Dié effek is verantwoordelik vir die rotasie en dus vorming van siklone.

Verwysings

  1. ↑ Bhatia, V.B. (1997). Classical Mechanics: With introduction to Nonlinear Oscillations and Chaos. Narosa Publishing House. p. 201. ISBN 978-81-7319-105-3.
  2. ↑ Lee, Choonkyu; Min, Hyunsoo (17 April 2018). Essential Classical Mechanics (in Engels). World Scientific Publishing Company. ISBN 978-981-323-466-6. Besoek op 13 Maart 2021.
  3. ↑ "Coriolis Effect: Because the Earth turns – Teacher's guide" (PDF). Project ATMOSPHERE. American Meteorological Society. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike (PDF) op 14 April 2015. Besoek op 10 April 2015.

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