Botaniese tuin

Botaniese tuin in Pisa, Italië.

'n Botaniese tuin is oor die algemeen 'n goed versorgde park wat verskillende soorte plante bevat. Die plante is gemerk om hulle botaniese name aan te dui. 'n Botaniese tuin kan soms spesiale tipes plante versamel, soos kaktusse, kruie of plante van sekere dele van die wêreld. Sommige van hierdie versamelings, soos tropiese plante, bergplante en ander eksotiese spesies word in kweekhuise aangehou om die regte omstandighede vir hulle oorlewing te verseker.

Botaniese tuine word oor die algemeen deur universiteite of ander wetenskaplike organisasies bestuur, en het dikwels herbariums en programme wat met planttaksonomie of ander aspekte van die botaniese wetenskap verband hou. In beginsel is hulle rol om 'n gedokumenteerde versameling van lewende plante vir wetenskaplike navorsing, bewaring, tentoonstelling en die opvoedkundige waarde daarvan te onderhou.

'n Toneel in die Kirstenbosch Botaniese Tuine

Sade of steggies van plante word dikwels in die natuur versamel en dan gebruik om die botaniese tuin te vestig. Sou hierdie plante later in die natuur uitsterf, kan dit weer vanaf die botaniese tuin hervestig word.

Geskiedenis

Die oorsprong van die moderne botaniese tuin kan na die medisinale tuine van die Europese Middeleeue teruggevoer word. Die eerste hiervan is in die 16de eeu tydens die Italiaanse Renaissance gestig. Die aanvanklike fokus op medisinale plante verander in die 17de na 'n belangstelling in plante wat met ontdekkingsreise van buite Europa ingebring is. Plantkunde het geleidelik onafhanklik van geneeskunde geword. In die 18de eeu het plantkundiges 'n stelsels van klassifikasie en nomenklatuur bedink wat tot vandag nog op pante en in beddings in botaniese tuine aangebring word. Met die snelle opkoms van Europese imperialisme in die laat 18de eeu, is botaniese tuine in die trope gevestig, en het botaniese tuine op die ekonomiese waarde van plante begin fokus.

Versameling vetplante in die Berlynse Botaniese Tuin.

Sien ook

Eksterne skakels

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