Zona Tabrakan Laut Maluku dipaparkan oleh paleogeolog untuk menjelaskan tektonika wilayah Laut Maluku di Indonesia dan sekitarnya.
Hubungan tektonik Lempeng Sangihe, Lempeng Halmahera, dan Lempeng Laut Maluku, serta Busur Vulkanik Halmahera dan Busur Sangihe sangat rumit. Keterkaitan mereka menciptakan Zona Tabrakan Laut Maluku. Kawasan utara zona ini berhubungan dengan Sabuk Bergerak Filipina. Beberapa pakar menyebut hubungan ini Busur Filipina-Halmahera dan menganggapnya sebagai bagian integral dari perpanjangan zona konvergensi yang merentang utara melintasi Filipina sampai Taiwan timur. Dalam model Zona Tabrakan Laut Maluku, Lempeng Laut Maluku telah dilumatkan seluruhnya oleh tabrakan Busur Halmahera dengan Busur Sangihe di Indonesia timur.[1]
Zona Tabrakan Laut Maluku adalah situs tabrakan ortogonal antara dua sistem subduksi yang aktif. Sistem subduksi Halmahera di timur dan sistem subduksi Sangihe di barat sama-sama telah menenggelamkan litosfer samudra lempeng Laut Maluku yang saat ini sudah sepenuhnya tenggelam. Busur Sangihe saat ini sedang menggeser busur depan Halmahera.[2] Kedua busur vulkanik ini sudah aktif sejak era neogene. Keduanya juga memperlihatkan peningkatan bukti pendauran sedimen seiring berlangsungnya tabrakan, namun penyebabnya beragam. Di Halmahera, peristiwa ini mungkin menandakan peningkatan aliran sedimen melalui front busur, sedangkan di Sangihe ini mungkin menunjukkan adanya kesempatan pencairan kulit mantel yang dialiri sedimen. Dalam kedua kasus tersebut, perubahan geokimia busur dapat dikaitkan dengan evolusi arsitektur zona subduksi tertentu. Lava Halmahera juga merekam perubahan sementara kimia komponen mantel yang diakibatkan oleh konveksi di atas Lempeng Laut Maluku yang jatuh sehingga menarik peridotit yang unik dari segi komposisi ke kulit mantel.[3]
Sistem magmatik mencapai akhir masa hidupnya ketika busur pulau menyatu menjadi zona tabrakan tunggal,[2] sehingga menguatkan pendapat bahwa Halmahera dan Sangihe harus dianggap sebagai lempeng tektonik alih-alih busur vulkanik.
Kesenjangan seismik dan tomografis di mantel 400 km di bawah Mindanao, Filipina, menunjukkan bahwa mantel tersebut adalah ekstensi utara Zona Tabrakan Laut Maluku yang lebih maju.[4]
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