Zoarcoidei

Zoarcoidei adalah subordo ikan bersirip pari laut yang termasuk dalam ordo Scorpaeniformes. Subordo termasuk ikan serigala, gunnels dan eelpouts. Subordo mencakup sekitar 400 spesies. Ikan-ikan ini sebagian besar ditemukan di laut boreal belahan bumi utara tetapi mereka telah menjajah belahan bumi selatan.

Zoarcoidei
Ikan serigala Atlantik
Anarhichas lupus
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Kerajaan:
Animalia
Filum:
Chordata
Kelas:
Actinopterygii
Ordo:
Scorpaeniformes
Subordo:
Zoarcoidei
Gill, 1893[1]

Nama

Zoarcoidei didasarkan pada nama genus Zoarces yang diciptakan oleh Georges Cuvier pada tahun 1829 dan yang berarti "bantalan hidup", seperti pada spesies tipe Zoarces viviparus, blenny vivipar.[2]

Taksonomi

Zoarcoidei pertama kali diusulkan sebagai pengelompokan taksonomi oleh ahli zoologi Amerika Theodore Gill pada tahun 1893 sebagai Zoarceoidea superfamili.[1] Edisi ke-5 Fishes of the World mengklasifikasikan Zoarcoidei sebagai subordo dalam ordo Scorpaeniformes.[3] Otoritas lain mengklasifikasikan takson ini sebagai infraordo Zoarcales dalam subordo Cottoidei dari Perciformes karena menghapus Scorpaeniformes dari Perciformes menjadikan takson itu non monofiletik.[4] Monofili pengelompokan ini masih belum sepenuhnya dipastikan tetapi secara umum diterima bahwa famili yang paling basal adalah Bathymasteridae.[3]

Famili

Zoarcoidei memiliki famili berikut yang diklasifikasikan di bawahnya:[3][5]

Karakteristik

Semua famili Zoarcoidei berbagi satu ciri, memiliki satu lubang hidung, dan tidak ada ciri atau kelompok ciri lain yang menandai Zoarcoids sebagai pengelompokan taksonomi.[3]

Distribusi

Zoarcoidei diperkirakan berasal dari belahan bumi utara, khususnya Samudra Pasifik barat laut dan salah satu familinya, Zoarcidae, telah menjajah belahan bumi selatan dalam beberapa kesempatan.[7]

Referensi

  1. ^ a b M. Eric Anderson (1994). "Systematics and Osteology of the Zoarcidae (Teleostei: Perciformes)". Ichthyological Bulletin of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology (60). ISSN 0073-4381. 
  2. ^ Christopher Scharpf; Kenneth J. Lazara, ed. (6 May 2022). "Order Perciformes (Part 11): Suborder Cottoidea: Infraorder Zoarcales: Family Zoarcidae (eelpouts)". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Diakses tanggal 23 July 2022. 
  3. ^ a b c d J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (edisi ke-5th). Wiley. hlm. 478–482. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. 
  4. ^ Ricardo Betancur-R; Edward O. Wiley; Gloria Arratia; et al. (2017). "Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 17 (162). doi:10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3. PMC 5501477 alt=Dapat diakses gratis. 
  5. ^ Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer; Ronald Fricke (2014). "Family-group names of Recent fishes". Zootaxa. 3882 (2): 001–230. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1 alt=Dapat diakses gratis. PMID 25543675. 
  6. ^ Hyuck Joon Kwun; Jin-Koo Kim (2003). "Molecular phylogeny and new classification of the genera Eulophias and Zoarchias (PISCES, Zoarcoidei)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 69 (3): 787–795. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.06.025. 
  7. ^ Radchenko, Olga (2016). "Timeline of the evolution of eelpouts from the suborder Zoarcoidei (Perciformes) based on DNA variability". Journal of Ichthyology. 56: 556–568. doi:10.1134/S0032945216040123. 

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