Zaman Shōwa

Shōwa (昭和code: ja is deprecated , Nihon-shiki/Kunrei-shiki: Syoowa, digunakan terutama dalam konteks pendudukan Jepang di Indonesia) (25 Desember 1926–7 Januari 1989) adalah salah satu nama zaman di Jepang pada abad ke-20. Zaman Shōwa berlangsung pada masa pemerintahan Kaisar Shōwa (Hirohito), sejak Kaisar Hirohito naik tahta pada 25 Desember 1926 hingga wafat pada 7 Januari 1989. Tahun Shōwa berlangsung hingga tahun 64 Shōwa, dan merupakan masa pemerintahan terpanjang dari seorang kaisar di Jepang (62 tahun 2 minggu), walaupun tahun terakhir zaman Shōwa (tahun 64 Shōwa) hanya berlangsung selama 7 hari.

Selama zaman Shōwa, Jepang memasuki periode totalitarianisme politik, ultranasionalisme, dan fasisme yang berpuncak pada invasi ke Tiongkok pada tahun 1937. Peristiwa tersebut merupakan bagian dari masa konflik dan kekacauan di seluruh dunia, seperti halnya Depresi Besar dan Perang Dunia II.

Kapitulasi Jepang membawa Jepang ke arah perubahan radikal, untuk pertama kalinya dalam sejarah bangsa Jepang, Jepang diduduki oleh kekuatan asing dan berlangsung selama 7 tahun. Pendudukan Sekutu membawa reformasi dalam bidang politik, termasuk mengubah Jepang menjadi negara demokrasi berdasarkan monarki konstitusional. Setelah ditandatanganinya Perjanjian San Francisco pada tahun 1952, Jepang kembali menjadi negara berdaulat.

Dari tahun 1960-an hingga 1980-an, Jepang mengalami masa keajaiban ekonomi pascaperang. Dekade 1980-an merupakan masa keemasan ekspor otomotif dan barang elektronik ke Eropa dan Amerika Serikat sehingga terjadi surplus neraca perdagangan yang mengakibatkan konflik perdagangan. Setelah Perjanjian Plaza 1985, dolar AS mengalami depresiasi terhadap yen. Pada Februari 1987, tingkat diskonto resmi diturunkan agar produk manufaktur Jepang bisa kembali kompetitif setelah volume ekspor merosot akibat menguatnya yen. Akibatnya, terjadi surplus likuiditas dan penciptaan uang dalam jumlah besar. Spekulasi menyebabkan harga saham dan realestat terus meningkat, dan berakibat pada penggelembungan harga aset di Jepang.

Artikel bertopik Jepang ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.

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