Xilan

Xilan merupakan salah satu komponen penyusun sel pada tanaman berkayu.^[2] Degradasi senyawa ini dilakukan oleh berbagai jenis mikroorganisme.^[2] Enzim-enzim hidrolisis yang dihasilkan oleh mikroorganisme inilah yang memegang peranan kunci dalam degradasi biomasa tanaman dan siklus karbon di alam.^[3] Di dalam dinding sel tanaman, xilan akan berinteraksi dengan lignin dan selulosa melalui ikatan nonkovalen membentuk struktur sel yang kuat.^[2]

Xilan termasuk dalam golongan kompleks polisakarida dengan ikatan beta-1,4 xilopiranosil sebagai tulang punggungnya.^[2] Selain xilopiranosil, terdapat senyawa lain yang dapat dipakai, yaitu arabinosil, glukuronosil, metilglukuronosil, asetil, dan feruloil.^[2] Pada beberapa tanaman lain, seperti rumput laut, xilan dapat terbentuk dengan ikatan beta-1,3.^[4] Di samping itu, residu ramnosa dan galaktosa kadang dijumpai terikat pada molekul xilan.^[5]

Degradasi

Diperlukan beberapa jenis enzim hidrolisis untuk memecah struktur xilan.^[6] Terdapat dua mekanisme pendegradasian xilan, yaitu dengan memutus ikatan pada rantai utamanya dan dengan memotong rantai sampingnya. Pemutusan rantai utama dapat dilakukan dengan enzim xilanase.^[2]

Referensi

^ Carpita, Nicholas C. (2011-01-01). "Update on Mechanisms of Plant Cell Wall Biosynthesis: How Plants Make Cellulose and Other (1→4)-β-d-Glycans". Plant Physiology (dalam bahasa Inggris). 155 (1): 171–184. doi:10.1104/pp.110.163360. ISSN 0032-0889. PMC 3075763 . PMID 21051553.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 76. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4
^ Shallom D, Shoham Y. 2003. Microbial hemicellulases. Curr Op Microbiol 6:219–228.
^ Beg QK, Kapoor M, Mahajan L, Hoondal GS. 2001. Microbial xylanases and their industrial applications: a review. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 56:326–338.
^ Wong KKY, Tan LUL, Saddler JN. 1988. Multiplicity of 1,4-xylanase in micro-organisms: functions and applications. Microbiol Rev 52:305–317.
^ Biely P. 1985. Microbial xylanolytic systems. Trends Biotechnol 3:286–290.

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