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Willie Nelson
Willie Nelson
	Nelson (2006)
Lahir	Willie Hugh Nelson; 29 April 1933 (umur 91); Abbott, Texas, A.S.
Pekerjaan	Penyanyi; penulis lagu; musisi; aktor; produser; pengarang; penyair; aktivis;
Tahun aktif	1956-sekarang
Suami/istri	Martha Matthews (m. 1952; c. 1962); Shirley Collie (m. 1963; c. 1971); Connie Koepke (m. 1971; c. 1988); Annie D'Angelo (m. 1991);
Anak	7, termasuk Lukas Nelson dan Paula Nelson
Kerabat	Bobbie Nelson (kakak)
	Karier musik
Genre	Country; outlaw country; blues; jazz;
Instrumen	Vokal; gitar;
Label	Liberty; RCA; Atlantic; Columbia; Island; Justice Records; Lost Highway; Legacy Recordings;
Artis terkait	Banyak The Family; The Highwaymen; Waylon Jennings; Johnny Cash; Kris Kristofferson; Merle Haggard; Ray Price; Roger Miller; Johnny Paycheck; Johnny Bush; Glen Campbell; George Jones; Loretta Lynn; Emmylou Harris; Dolly Parton; Patsy Cline; Faron Young; Mel Tillis; David Allan Coe; Billy Joe Shaver; Ray Charles; Bob Dylan; Leon Russell; Kenny Chesney; Toby Keith; Neil Young; ;
Situs web	willienelson.com
	Penghargaan (2023) Rock and Roll Hall of Fame; (2015) Gershwin Prize (en) ; (2012) Willie Nelson Lifetime Achievement Award (en) ; (2010) Grammy Hall of Fame (en) ; (2007) Grammy Award for Best Country Collaboration with Vocals (en) ; (2007) Grammy Hall of Fame (en) ; (2007) Americana Lifetime Achievement Award for Songwriting (en) ; (2006) Grammy Hall of Fame (en) ; (2002) Grammy Award for Best Country Collaboration with Vocals (en) ; (2001) Grammy Hall of Fame (en) ; (1998) Kennedy Center Honors; (1990) Grammy Legend Award (en) ; (1989) American Music Award of Merit (en) ; (1987) Favorite Country Male Artist (en) ; (1986) Favorite Country Male Artist (en) ; (1986) Favorite Country Single (en) ; (1984) Favorite Country Male Artist (en) ; (1983) American Music Award for Favorite Country Album (en) ; (1983) American Music Award for Favorite Pop/Rock Album (en) ; (1982) Grammy Award for Best Male Country Vocal Performance (en) ; (1982) Favorite Country Single (en) ; (1982) Favorite Country Male Artist (en) ; (1980) Grammy Award for Best Country Song (en) ; (1979) Country Music Association Award for Entertainer of the Year (en) ; (1978) Grammy Award for Best Male Country Vocal Performance (en) ; (1978) Grammy Award for Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal (en) ; (1977) Favorite Country Single (en) ; (1975) Grammy Award for Best Male Country Vocal Performance (en) ;

Willie Hugh Nelson (lahir 29 April 1933) adalah penyanyi, penulis lagu, musisi, aktor, produser, penulis, penyair, dan aktivis asal Amerika Serikat.^[1] Popularitas album Shotgun Willie (1973), Red Headed Stranger (1975), dan Stardust (1978) membuat Nelson tampil sebagai salah satu penyanyi musik country ternama. Ia salah satu tokoh utama outlaw country, subgenre musik country yang berkembang pada akhir 1960-an sebagai tanggapan atas pembatasan suara Nashville. Nelson memerankan tokoh di lebih dari 30 film, menulis beberapa buku, dan aktif memperjuangkan pemakaian bahan bakar hayati dan legalisasi ganja.

Nelson lahir pada masa Depresi Besar dan dibesarkan oleh kakek-neneknya. Ia menulis lagu pertamanya pada usia tujuh tahun dan menjadi anggota band pertamanya pada usia sepuluh tahun. Semasa SMA, ia menjadi vokalis dan gitaris Bohemian Polka dan sering konser di seputaran daerahnya. Setelah lulus sekolah tahun 1950, ia mendaftar di Angkatan Udara AS, lalu diberhentikan karena masalah kesehatan. Nelson kemudian kuliah di Universitas Baylor selama dua tahun, tetapi berhenti karena ingin fokus ke karier musiknya. Ia menjadi DJ di stasiun-stasiun radio Texas dan penyanyi di bar country. Nelson pindah ke Vancouver, Washington, kemudian menulis "Family Bible" dan merekam "Lumberjack" pada tahun 1956. Ia juga menjadi DJ di sejumlah stasiun radio di Vancouver dan Portland, Oregon. Pada tahun 1958, ia pindah ke Houston, Texas, setelah menandatangani kontrak dengan D Records. Ia menyanyi di Esquire Ballroom setiap minggu dan menjadi DJ. Waktu itu, ia menulis lagu-lagu yang kelak menjadi lagu standar country, antara lain "Funny How Time Slips Away", "Hello Walls", "Pretty Paper", dan "Crazy". Tahun 1960, ia pindah Nashville, Tennessee, dan membuat kontrak rekaman dengan Pamper Music. Ia pun bergabung menjadi pemain bass di band-nya Ray Price. Tahun 1962, ia merekam album pertamanya, ...And Then I Wrote. Berkat kesuksesan album ini, Nelson masuk label RCA Victor tahun 1964 dan bergabung di Grand Ole Opry pada tahun berikutnya. Setelah mencetak lagu-lagu populer pada akhir 1960-an dan awal 1970-an, Nelson pensiun tahun 1972 dan pindah ke Austin, Texas. Skena musik yang sedang naik daun di Austin mendorong Nelson untuk aktif kembali. Ia sering menyanyi di Armadillo World Headquarters.

Pada tahun 1973, setelah dikontrak oleh Atlantic Records, Nelson kembali berfokus ke genre outlaw country dan merilis sejumlah album, termasuk Shotgun Willie dan Phases and Stages. Tahun 1975, ia pindah ke Columbia Records dan merekam album Red Headed Stranger. Pada tahun itu juga, ia merekam album outlaw country Wanted! The Outlaws bersama Waylon Jennings, Jessi Colter, dan Tompall Glaser. Sepanjang pertengahan 1980-an, sambil mencetak album-album hit seperti Honeysuckle Rose dan merekam lagu-lagu hit seperti "On the Road Again", "To All the Girls I've Loved Before", dan "Pancho and Lefty", ia bergabung dengan supergrup country The Highwaymen mendampingi Johnny Cash, Waylon Jennings, dan Kris Kristofferson.

Pada tahun 1990, aset-aset Nelson disita oleh Dinas Pajak Amerika Serikat yang mengklaim dirinya menunggak $32 juta. Nelson kesulitan membayar utang karena terlibat sejumlah investasi lemah pada 1980-an. Tahun 1992, Nelson merilis The IRS Tapes: Who'll Buy My Memories?; utangnya dilunasi oleh pendapatan dari album ganda ini serta pelelangan aset Nelson. Sepanjang 1990-an dan 2000-an, Nelson rajin mengadakan tur dan merilis album setiap tahun. Rata-rata ulasan albumnya positif dan campur aduk. Nelson mengeksplorasi berbagai genre seperti reggae, blues, jazz, dan folk.

Nelson mengawali karier filmnya di The Electric Horseman (1979), kemudian tampil di berbagai film dan acara televisi. Ia adalah aktivis liberal yang vokal sekaligus ketua dewan penasihat National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML), organisasi advokasi legalisasi ganja. Ia memiliki merek bio-diesel Willie Nelson Biodiesel yang terbuat dari minyak nabati. Nelson juga merupakan ketua kehormatan dewan penasihat Texas Music Project, badan amal musik milik pemerintah Texas.

Biografi

Masa kecil hingga awal karier

Nelson lahir dan dibesarkan di Abbott, Texas sebagai anak Myrle Marie (nama gadis: Greenhaw) dan Ira Doyle Nelson yang bekerja sebagai montir dan pemilik rumah biliar.^[2]^[3] Kakek dan neneknya yang bernama William A. Nelson dan Nancy Elizabeth Smothers memberi Willie pelajaran musik yang dibeli dari pesanan lewat pos sejak usianya masih enam tahun. Ia menciptakan lagu pertamanya pada usia 7 tahun, dan sudah main di band lokal ketika berumur 9 tahun.^[4] Willie bermain gitar, sementara adik perempuannya Bobbie memainkan piano. Ia bertemu pemain biola Bud Fletcher, dan Willie dan Bobbie ikut dengan band milik Fletcher yang bernama Bohemian Fiddlers ketika duduk di bangku sekolah menengah atas. Semasa di SMA, ia sudah aktif dalam organisasi Future Farmers of America.

Sejak di sekolah menengah Nelson sudah bekerja sebagai disc jockey di stasiun radio lokal. Sambil menjadi DJ di radio KHBR Hillsboro, Texas, dan kemudian KBOP di Pleasanton, Texas, Nelson menyanyi di bar-bar honky tonk setempat.^[5]

Nelson lulus dari Abbott High School pada tahun 1951. Ia bergabung dengan Angkatan Udara Amerika Serikat pada tahun yang sama, namun setelah 9 bulan berdinas dibebastugaskan karena menderita masalah punggung.^[6] Ia lalu sempat kuliah di jurusan pertanian Universitas Baylor selama setahun pada 1954.

Nelson pindah ke Vancouver, Washington pada tahun 1956 untuk memulai karier musik, dan merekam lagu "Lumberjack" ciptaan Leon Payne. Lagu tersebut terjual cukup baik, namun tidak berhasil mengorbitkan kariernya. Nelson terus melanjutkan kerja sebagai penyiar radio di Vancouver dan menyanyi di kelab-kelab. Ia menjual sebuah lagu ciptaannya, "Family Bible" seharga $100, dan tidak disangka-sangka berhasil menjadi lagu hit bagi Claude Gray pada tahun 1960. Lagu tersebut di kemudian hari banyak didaur ulang oleh penyanyi lainnya, dan sering dianggap lagu klasik dalam musik gospel.

Menjadi pencipta lagu populer

Pada 1960, Nelson pindah ke Nashville, tetapi tidak berhasil mendapatkan kontrak rekaman. Kontrak yang diperolehnya adalah kontrak mencipta lagu dengan Pamper Music. Setelah Ray Price merekam lagu Nelson, "Night Life" (kemungkinan lagu country yang paling sering didaur ulang sepanjang sejarah), Nelson bergabung sebagai pemain bas dengan band Price yang melakukan pertunjukan keliling. Ketika bermain untuk Ray Price and the Cherokee Cowboys, lagu-lagu pop dan country ciptaan Nelson banyak yang menjadi lagu hit. Di antara lagu-lagu ciptaannya yang menjadi populer di tangan penyanyi top adalah "Funny How Time Slips Away" (Billy Walker), "Hello Walls" (Faron Young), "Pretty Paper" (Roy Orbison), dan "Crazy" (Patsy Cline). Album San Antonio Rose nantinya dibuat Willie bersama Ray Price pada tahun 1980.

Nelson mendapat kontrak rekaman dari Liberty Records pada tahun 1961, dan merilis sejumlah singel, termasuk "Willingly" (duet bersama Shirley Collie yang nantinya dinikahi sebagai istri kedua) dan "Touch Me".

Dengan bermodalkan suara saja, Nelson tidak mampu meyakinkan produser rekaman di Nashville, dan ia tidak kunjung diorbitkan sebagai penyanyi. Pita demo yang dibuatnya dari awal karier sebagai pencipta lagu untuk Pamper Music nantinya ditemukan kembali dan dirilis sebagai album Crazy: The Demo Sessions (2003).

Kehidupan pribadi

Nelson telah menikah sebanyak empat kali dan memiliki tujuh anak.^[7] Ia pertama kali menikah dengan Martha Matthews sejak 1952 hingga 1962. Mereka memiliki tiga anak: Lana, Susie, dan Willie "Billy" Hugh, Jr; Billy bunuh diri pada tahun 1991.^[8] Pernikahan pertamanya dipenuhi kekerasan; Matthews menyerang Nelson beberapa kali,^[9] salah satunya ketika ia menjahit Nelson dengan seprai dan memukulinya dengan sapu.^[10] Nelson kemudian menikah dengan Shirley Collie pada tahun 1963. Mereka bercerai tahun 1971 setelah Collie menemukan tagihan rumah sakit yang ditembuskan ke Nelson dan Connie Koepke untuk operasi persalinan Paula Carlene Nelson.^[9] Nelson menikahi Koepke pada tahun itu juga dan mereka memiliki seorang putri, Amy Lee Nelson. Setelah bercerai tahun 1988, ia menikahi Annie D'Angelo pada 1991. Mereka memiliki dua putra, Lukas Autry dan Jacob Micah.^[11]

Warisan

Nelson dikenal sebagai ikon Amerika Serikat.^[12]^[13] Namanya masuk Country Music Hall of Fame pada tahun 1993.^[14] Ia menerima Kennedy Center Honors tahun 1998.^[15] Pada 2011, Nelson masuk National Agricultural Hall of Fame atas keterlibatannya di Farm Aid dan kegiatan penggalangan dana untuk petani.^[16] Tahun 2015, Nelson dianugerahi Gershwin Prize, penghargaan seumur hidup dari Library of Congress.^[17] Tahun 2018, The Texas Institute of Letters mengangkat Nelson sebagai anggota atas jasanya dalam penulisan lagu.^[18] Rolling Stone mencantumkan Nelson dalam daftar 100 Greatest Singers dan 100 Greatest Guitarists.^[19]^[20]

Diskografi

Album studio solo

...And Then I Wrote (1962)
Here's Willie Nelson (1963)
Country Willie: His Own Songs (1965)
Country Favorites: Willie Nelson Style (1966)
Make Way for Willie Nelson (1967)
The Party's Over (1967)
Texas in My Soul (1968)
Good Times (1968)
My Own Peculiar Way (1969)
Both Sides Now (1970)
Laying My Burdens Down (1970)
Willie Nelson & Family (1971)
Yesterday's Wine (1971)
The Words Don't Fit the Picture (1972)
The Willie Way (1972)
Shotgun Willie (1973)
Phases and Stages (1974)
Red Headed Stranger (1975)
The Sound in Your Mind (1976)
The Troublemaker (1976)
To Lefty from Willie (1977)
Stardust (1978)
Willie Nelson Sings Kristofferson (1979)
One for the Road with Leon Russell (1979)
Pretty Paper (1979)
Family Bible (1980)
Somewhere Over the Rainbow (1981)
Always on My Mind (1982)
Tougher Than Leather (1983)
Without a Song (1983)
City of New Orleans (1984)
Angel Eyes (1984)
Me & Paul (1985)
Partners (1986)
The Promiseland (1986)
Island in the Sea (1987)
What a Wonderful World (1988)
A Horse Called Music (1989)
Born for Trouble (1990)
The IRS Tapes: Who'll Buy My Memories? (1992)
Across the Borderline (1993)
Moonlight Becomes You (1994)
Healing Hands of Time (1994)
Just One Love (1994)
Spirit (1996)
Teatro (1998)
Night and Day (1999)
Me and the Drummer (2000)
Milk Cow Blues (2000)
Rainbow Connection (2001)
The Great Divide (2002)
Nacogdoches (2004)
It Always Will Be (2004)
Countryman (2005)
You Don't Know Me: The Songs of Cindy Walker (2006)
Songbird (2006)
Moment of Forever (2008)
American Classic (2009)
Country Music (2010)
Remember Me, Vol. 1 (2011)
Heroes (2012)
Let's Face the Music and Dance (2013)
To All the Girls... (2013)
Band of Brothers (2014)
Summertime: Willie Nelson Sings Gershwin (2016)
For the Good Times: A Tribute to Ray Price (2016)
God's Problem Child (2017)
Last Man Standing (2018)
My Way (2018)
Ride Me Back Home (2019)

Filmografi

Daftar pustaka

Willie: An Autobiography, Simon & Schuster, 1988, with Bud Shrake
The Facts of Life and Other Dirty Jokes, Random House, 2002
Farm Aid: A Song for America, Rodale Books, foreword by Willie Nelson, 2005
The Tao of Willie: A Guide to the Happiness in Your Heart, Gotham, 2006, with Turk Pipkin
On the Clean Road Again: Biodiesel and the Future of the Family Farm, Fulcrum Publishing, 2007
A Tale Out of Luck (a novel), Center Street, 2008, with Mike Blakely
Roll Me Up and Smoke Me When I Die: Musings From the Road, William Morrow, foreword by Kinky Friedman, 2012
It's a Long Story: My Life, Little, Brown and Company, 2015 with David Ritz
Pretty Paper, Penguin Random House, 2016 with David Ritz

Lihat pula

Buku: Willie Nelson

Buku Wikipedia adalah koleksi artikel yang bisa diunduh atau dipesan dalam bentuk cetak.

Referensi

Catatan kaki

^ "Club Luck - Home". Willienelson.com.
^ Willie Nelson Biography (1933-).
^ "Salinan arsip". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2009-01-14. Diakses tanggal 2010-03-20.
^ Patoski, Joe Nick. "The Gospel According to Willie", Texas Co-op Power, May 2008, p. 9.
^ 107.1 KGSR - Radio Austin Interview.
^ "Willie Nelson". famoustexans.com.
^ Hollabaugh, Lorie 2010.
^ Hall, Michael 2008.
^ ^a ^b Cartwright, Gary 2000, hlm. 276.
^ Goldman, Andrew 2012.
^ Riggs, Thomas 2007, hlm. 239.
^ PBS staff 2011.
^ Hamilton, Reeve 2010.
^ Edwards, Joe 1993.
^ Kennedy Center staff 2011.
^ Treolo, Melissa 2011.
^ Leahey, Andrew 2015.
^ Merschel, Michael 2018.
^ Rolling Stone staff 2010.
^ Rolling Stone staff 2011.

Sumber

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Bacaan lanjutan

The Encyclopedia of Country Music, ed. Paul Kingsbury, pp. 374–76 "Willie Nelson", Bob Allen, New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.
Nelson, Susie (1987). Hear Worn Memories: a Daughter's Personal Biography of Willie Nelson. First ed. Eakin Press. ISBN 0-89015-608-5.

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