Voivode

Voivode (/ˈvɔɪˌvoʊd/, juga dieja Voievod, Voivoda, Vojvoda atau Wojewoda) merupakan gelar yang menunjukkan "pemimpin militer" atau "panglima perang" di Eropa Tengah, Tenggara dan Timur sejak Abad Pertengahan Awal. Selama Kekaisaran Romawi Timur voivode merujuk pada komandan militer terutama dari populasi berbahasa Slavia.

Istilah Voivode berasal dari dua akar, kata pertama; voi berhubungan dengan berperang, kata kedua; vod berarti memimpin dalam bahasa Slavonik Kuno, sama-sama menunjukkan "pemimpin perang" atau "panglima perang". Terjemahan Bahasa Latin comes palatinus untuk komandan utama pasukan militer, mewakili pemimpin monarki. Pada Slavia awal, vojevoda berarti bellidux, pemimpin militer dalam pertempuran. Istilah ini juga menyebar ke bahasa yang bukan Slavia, di daerah-daerah yang dipengaruhi oleh Slavia, seperti Rumania, Hungaria dan Albania.

Selama Kekaisaran Romawi Timur voivode merujuk pada komandan militer terutama dari populasi berbahasa Slavia, terutama di Balkan, Kekaisaran Bulgaria menjadi negara Slavia pertama yang didirikan permanen di wilayah tersebut. Gelar voevodas (bahasa Yunani: βοεβόδας) awalnya muncul dalam karya Kaisar Romawi Timur abad ke-X, Konstantinus VII, De Administrando Imperio, mengacu pada para pemimpin Hungaria.^[1]^[2]

Gelar tersebut digunakan pada abad pertengahan: Bohemia, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Kroasia, Yunani, Hungaria, Makedonia, Moldavia, Polandia, Rügen, Kekaisaran Rusia, Ukraina, Serbia, Transilvania dan Wallachia.^[3]^[1] Pada Abad Pertengahan Akhir terjemahan Bahasa Latin voivode adalah comes palatinus untuk komandan utama kekuatan militer, mewakili raja dan secara bertahap menjadi gelar gubernur teritorial di wilayah-wilayah Polandia, Hungaria, Ceko dan Balkan.^[4]

Selama pemerintahan Utsmaniyah Yunani, Voivode Utsmaniyah Athena tinggal di Gimnasium kuno Hadrianus.^[5] Provinsi otonom Vojvodina berasal dari Vojvodina Serbia, dengan Stevan Šupljikac sebagai Vojvoda atau Adipati, yang kemudian menjadi Serbische Woiwodschaft.

Referensi

^ ^a ^b Starchenko, N.P. Voivode. Encyclopedia of the History of Ukraine
^ M. Kokolakis, “Mia autokratoria se krisi, Kratiki organosi-Palaioi Thesmoi-nees prosarmoges” [An Empire in Crisis: State Organization – Old Institutions – New Adjustments], in Istoria tou neou ellinismou, Vol. 1, publ. Ellinika Grammata, Athens 2003, p. 49.
^ "Der Minnesänger Wizlaw III. von Rügen". wizlaw.de.
^ Konstantin Jireček; Vatroslav Jagić (1912). Staat und gesellschaft im mittelalterlichen Serbien: studien zur kulturgeschichte des 13.-15. jahrhunderts. In Kommission bei Alfred Hölder.
^ Karl Baedeker (Firm) (1896). Athens and Its Immediate Environs. Baedeker. hlm. 49.

Daftar pustaka

Bjelajac, Mile (2004). Generali i admirali Kraljevine Jugoslavije 1918—1941. Belgrade: Institut za novu istoriju Srbije. ISBN 86-7005-039-0.
Franz Ritter von Miklosich (1886). Etymologisches Wörterbuch der slavischen Sprachen. W. Braumüller. hlm. 393. ISBN 9780598710079.
Konstantin Jireček; Vatroslav Jagić (1912). Staat und gesellschaft im mittelalterlichen Serbien: studien zur kulturgeschichte des 13.-15. jahrhunderts. In Kommission bei Alfred Hölder.
Béla Köpeczi, ed. History of Transylvania, vol. I., 411, 457. (archived URL)
voivode. (n.d.). Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary. Retrieved November 15, 2007, from Dictionary.com
F.Adanir, WOYWODA, The Encyclopaedia of Islam (XI: 215 a)
M. Kokolakis, “Mia autokratoria se krisi, Kratiki organosi-Palaioi Thesmoi-nees prosarmoges” [An Empire in Crisis: State Organization – Old Institutions – New Adjustments], in Istoria tou neou ellinismou, Vol. 1, publ. Ellinika Grammata, Athens 2003, p. 49.

Pranala luar

Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Voivode". Encyclopædia Britannica (edisi ke-11). Cambridge University Press.

Read other articles:

Niedersachsen

Niedersachsen Land Niedersachsen (bahasa Jerman)Land Neddersassen (bahasa Sachsen Hilir)Lound Läichsaksen (bahasa Frisia Saterland)Negara bagian di Jerman BenderaLambang kebesaranNegara bagianJermanIbukotaHannoverPemerintahan • Minister PresidentStephan Weil (SPD) • Partai berkuasaSPD / Hijau • Bundesrat6 kursi (dari 69)Luas • Total47.624,22 km2 (1,838,781 sq mi)Populasi (2013-12-31)[1] • Total7.790.559&#...

Makeyev Rocket Design Bureau

Russian missile design company 55°06′43″N 60°08′24″E / 55.112°N 60.140°E / 55.112; 60.140 Makeyev Rocket Design BureauCompany typeJoint-stock company[when?]IndustryArms industryAerospace industrySpace industryFounded1947HeadquartersMiass, RussiaProductsBallistic missiles, Submarine-launched ballistic missiles, Launch vehiclesParentRoscosmos[1]Websitemakeyev.ru The JSC Makeyev Design Bureau (Russian: ГРЦ Макеева; also known as Makey...

Asbury Park Public Schools

School district in Monmouth County, New Jersey, US Asbury Park School DistrictAddress910 Fourth Avenue Asbury Park, Monmouth County, New Jersey, 07712United StatesCoordinates40°13′00″N 74°00′24″W / 40.216699°N 74.006661°W / 40.216699; -74.006661District informationGradespre-K to 12SuperintendentRaShawn M. AdamsBusiness administratorMelissa Simmons (interim)Schools4Affiliation(s)Former Abbott districtStudents and staffEnrollment1,771 (as of 2020–21)[1&...

Silicon carbide

Extremely hard semiconductor Carborundum redirects here. Not to be confused with Corundum. Silicon carbide A laboratory-grown synthetic SiC monocrystal Names Preferred IUPAC name Silicon carbide Other names Carborundum Moissanite Identifiers CAS Number 409-21-2 Y 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image ChEBI CHEBI:29390 Y ChemSpider 9479 Y ECHA InfoCard 100.006.357 EC Number 206-991-8 Gmelin Reference 13642 MeSH Silicon+carbide PubChem CID 9863 RTECS number VW0450000 UNII WXQ6E537EW...

1956 en Lorraine

Chronologies Données clés 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959Décennies :1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980Siècles :XVIIIe XIXe XXe XXIe XXIIeMillénaires :-Ier Ier IIe IIIe Chronologies géographiques Afrique Afrique du Sud, Algérie, Angola, Bénin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroun, Cap-Vert, République centrafricaine, Comores, République du Congo, République démocratique du Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Égyp...

Antonio Savoldi-Marco Cò - Trofeo Dimmidisì 2002

Antonio Savoldi-Marco Cò - Trofeo Dimmidisì 2002 Sport Tennis Data 19 agosto - 25 agosto Campioni Singolare David Ferrer Doppio Mariusz Fyrstenberg / Marcin Matkowski 2001 2003 L'Antonio Savoldi-Marco Cò - Trofeo Dimmidisì 2002 è stato un torneo di tennis facente parte della categoria ATP Challenger Series nell'ambito dell'ATP Challenger Series 2002. Il torneo si è giocato a Manerbio in Italia dal 19 al 25 agosto 2002 su campi in terra rossa. Indice 1 Vincitori 1.1 Singolare 1.2 Doppio...

Cole County, Missouri

County in Missouri, United States County in MissouriCole CountyCountyThe Cole County Courthouse in Jefferson City SealLocation within the U.S. state of MissouriMissouri's location within the U.S.Coordinates: 38°31′N 92°17′W / 38.51°N 92.28°W / 38.51; -92.28Country United StatesState MissouriFounded1820Named forStephen ColeSeatJefferson CityLargest cityJefferson CityArea • Total402 sq mi (1,040 km2) • Land394 ...

Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe

Flat horse race in France Horse race Prix de l'Arc de TriompheGroup 1 raceLocationLongchamp RacecourseParis, FranceInaugurated1920Race typeFlat / ThoroughbredSponsorQatarWebsitehttps://www.francegalop-live.com/evenement/qatar-prix-de-larc-de-triomphe/Race informationDistance2,400 metres (about 1½ miles)[1]SurfaceTurfTrackRight-handed[1]QualificationThree-years-old and upexcluding geldings[1]Weight56½ kg (3yo); 59½ kg (4yo+)Allowances1½ kg for fillies and maresPurse...

2 euro commemorativi emessi nel 2008

Voce principale: 2 euro commemorativi. Immagine Paese Tema Tiratura Emissione Disegnatore Germania Chiesa di San Michele ( Amburgo)3ª moneta della I serie dedicata ai Länder tedeschi 30.000.000 1º febbraio 2008[1] Erich Ott Descrizione: la parte interna della moneta rappresenta la chiesa di San Michele ad Amburgo. Sotto l'immagine del monumento è scritto il nome del Land «HAMBURG». A destra del monumento, dal basso verso l'alto, figurano le iniziali dell'incisore �...

Sup

SupAsalKeahlian memasakAlgerian cuisine, Masakan Rusia, masakan Ukraina dan Masakan Prancis RincianJenishidangan dan Q118489612 Bahan utamasayuran, rempah-rempah, kaldu, cair dan dressing lbs RESEP SAYUR SOP JERNIH Sup[1] atau nama lainnya sop[2] adalah masakan berkuah dari kaldu yang dibuat dengan cara mendidihkan bahan bisa berupa daging atau ayam untuk membuat kuah kaldu, dan biasanya diberi bumbu serta bahan lainnya untuk menambah rasa. Bahan yang terdiri dari daging, sayu...

FK TSC

Football clubTSCFull nameFudbalski klub TSCFounded1913; 111 years ago (1913) as Topolyai Sport ClubGroundTSC ArenaCapacity4,500OwnerMOLChairmanJános ZsemberiHead coachŽarko LazetićLeagueSerbian SuperLiga2022–23Serbian SuperLiga, 2nd of 16WebsiteClub website Home colours Away colours Third colours Current season Fudbalski klub TSC (Serbian Cyrillic: Фудбалски клуб ТСЦ, Hungarian: Topolyai Sport Club), commonly known as TSC, is a Serbian professional foot...

Державний комітет телебачення і радіомовлення України

Державний комітет телебачення і радіомовлення України (Держкомтелерадіо) Приміщення комітетуЗагальна інформаціяКраїна УкраїнаДата створення 2003Керівне відомство Кабінет Міністрів УкраїниРічний бюджет 1 964 898 500 ₴[1]Голова Олег НаливайкоПідвідомчі ор...

J. E. Casely Hayford

Gold Coast journalist, lawyer and politician (1866–1930) J. E. Casely HayfordMBEBornJoseph Ephraim Casely Hayford(1866-09-29)29 September 1866Cape Coast, Gold CoastDied11 August 1930(1930-08-11) (aged 63)OccupationsJournalistlawyereducatorpoliticianNotable workEthiopia Unbound (1911)SpousesBeatrice Madeline Pinnock Adelaide Casely-HayfordChildrenArchie Casely-Hayford; Gladys May Casely-HayfordRelativesErnest James Hayford (brother); Joe Casely-Hayford (grandson); Margaret Casely-Hayfor...

Supreme Leader (North Korean title)

Political term for the top leader in North Korea Supreme Leader of theDemocratic People's Republic of KoreaIncumbentKim Jong Unsince 17 December 2011 (2011-12-17)TypeSupreme leaderParty leaderHead of StateCommander-in-chiefTerm lengthLife tenureFormation9 September 1948; 75 years ago (1948-09-09)First holderKim Il Sung Supreme Leader of the Democratic People's Republic of KoreaKorean nameHangul조선민주주의인민공화국최고령도자 Politics of N...

Arief Sulistyanto

Arief Sulistyanto Kepala Badan Pemelihara Keamanan PolriMasa jabatan18 Februari 2021 – 27 Maret 2023PendahuluAgus AndriantoPenggantiMuhammad Fadil ImranKepala Lembaga Pendidikan dan Pelatihan PolriMasa jabatan22 Januari 2019 – 18 Februari 2021PendahuluUnggung CahyonoPenggantiRycko Amelza DahnielKepala Badan Reserse Kriminal PolriMasa jabatan17 Agustus 2018 – 22 Januari 2019PendahuluAri Dono SukmantoPenggantiIdham AzisAsisten Sumber Daya Manusia KapolriMasa jab...

Polly (The Kinks song)

1968 song by the Kinks PollyWest German picture sleeve (reverse)Single by the KinksA-sideWonderboyReleased5 April 1968RecordedMarch 1968StudioPye, LondonGenreMusic hallLabel Pye (UK) Reprise (US) Songwriter(s)Ray DaviesProducer(s)Ray DaviesThe Kinks singles chronology Autumn Almanac (1967) Wonderboy / Polly (1968) Days (1968) Official audioPolly on YouTube Polly (titled Pretty Polly on early singles)[1] is a song by the English rock band the Kinks. It was released on a non-album sing...

Bandha (Jainism)

Interaction of soul and matter in Jainism (Indian religion) Part of a series onJainism Jains History Timeline Index Philosophy Anekantavada Cosmology Ahimsa Karma Dharma Mokṣa Kevala Jnana Dravya Tattva Brahmacarya Aparigraha Gunasthana Saṃsāra EthicsEthics of Jainism Mahavratas (major vows) Ahiṃsā (non-violence) Satya (truth) Asteya (non-stealing) Brahmacarya (chastity) Aparigraha (non-possession) Anuvratas (further vows) Sāmāyika Sallekhana Jain prayers Bhaktamara Stotra Micchami ...

2017 Las Vegas shooting

Deadliest mass shooting in the US Las Vegas shooting redirects here. For other uses, see Las Vegas shooting (disambiguation). 2017 Las Vegas shooting121Mandalay Bay Hotel2Route 91 Harvest country music festival groundsView of the location 150m160yds 2 1 Map showing the location of the hotel and the festival groundsLocationParadise, Nevada, U.S.Coordinates36°5′42″N 115°10′18″W / 36.09500°N 115.17167°W / 36.09500; -115.17167DateOctober 1, 2017;...

بروفيتيس إلياس (بيلا)

بروفيتيس إلياس تقسيم إداري البلد اليونان [1] إحداثيات 40°48′50″N 22°09′42″E / 40.8139°N 22.16170278°E / 40.8139; 22.16170278 السكان التعداد السكاني 1228 (resident population of Greece) (2001)1342 (resident population of Greece) (1991)890 (resident population of Greece) (2021)1036 (resident population of Greece) (2011) الرمز الجغرافي 734461 ت...

Identification badges of the uniformed services of the United States

List of identification badges of the US Uniformed Services On 29 September 2017, soldiers from Caisson Platoon, 1st Battalion, 3rd Infantry Regiment were awarded one of the U.S. Army's newest identification badges, the Military Horseman Identification Badge, during a special ceremony at Joint Base Myer–Henderson Hall in Arlington, Virginia.[1] Identification badges of the uniformed services of the United States are insignia worn by service members conducting special duties, many of ...