Viking

Replika kapal Viking

Viking adalah kelompok etnik asal Skandinavia yang berprofesi sebagai pedagang, peladang, dan paling terkenal sebagai perompak (sering kali setelah gagal berniaga) yang di antara tahun 800 sampai 1050 menjarah, menduduki dan berdagang sepanjang pesisir, sungai, dan pulau di Eropa[1] dan pesisir timur laut Amerika Utara, bagian timur Eropa sampai ke Rusia, dan Konstantinopel. Mereka memanggil diri mereka sebagai Norsemen (orang utara), sedangkan sumber-sumber utama Rusia dan Bizantium menyebut mereka dengan nama Varangia.[2] Sampai sekarang orang Skandinavia modern masih menyebut diri mereka sebagai nordbor (orang utara).

Viking kerap menjelajah ke berbagai daerah seperti Inggris, Irlandia, Grinlandia, Amerika, dan Prancis memotivasi Viking mendirikan permukiman. Permukiman Viking tersebar di berbagai tempat. Di Inggris terdapat pemukiman Viking di York, Lincoln, dan Derby. Di Irlandia terdapat dua permukiman Viking, salah satunya adalah Dublin. Di Prancis utara pun berdiri permukinan Viking yang disebut Normandia. Bahkan, Viking di Kiev mendirikan negara bernama Rus'. Leif Eriksson, yang dalam saga Islandia dikatakan keturunan para pemimpin Viking Norwegia yang mendirikan permukiman orang Eropa pertama di Grinlandia sekitar tahun 985, kemungkinan besar adalah orang Eropa pertama yang menemukan Amerika sekitar tahun 1000.[3] Permukiman yang didirikannya kemungkinan besar adalah di L'Anse aux Meadows, yang berada di Newfoundland and Labrador, Kanada.

Istilah Zaman Viking telah digunakan untuk menyebut periode sejarah Skandinavia pada tahun 800–1066, yaitu hingga saat kematian Harald III Sigurdsson.[4][5][6]

Sebutan Viking secara luas dapat pula digunakan untuk menyebut seluruh populasi Skandinavia pada Zaman Viking beserta permukiman-permukiman sebarannya. Sebagai contoh, para pedagang dan perompak pada masa tersebut yang berasal dari pesisir timur Laut Baltik dalam saga Islandia awalnya disebut sebagai Vikinger fra Estland, atau dalam bahasa Norwegia artinya Viking Estonia.[7][8][9][10]

Penjelajahan Viking semakin berkurang dan akhirnya berhenti selama proses Kristenisasi Skandinavia yang berlangsung secara perlahan-lahan.

Referensi

  1. ^ Viking pada Encyclopædia Britannica
  2. ^ Rurik as a Viking, or Varangian at Encyclopædia Britannica
  3. ^ The Complete Idiot's Guide to American History By Alan Axelrod; p. 8 ISBN 0-02-864464-6
  4. ^ The Vikings from the Norway article at Encyclopædia Britannica
  5. ^ The Viking Age from the Denmark article atEncyclopædia Britannica
  6. ^ The Viking Age from the Sweden article at Encyclopædia Britannica
  7. ^ "Olav Trygvassons saga at School of Avaldsnes". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2003-01-06. Diakses tanggal 2007-11-12. 
  8. ^ Heimskringla; Kessinger Publishing (March 31, 2004); on Page 116; ISBN 0-7661-8693-8
  9. ^ A History of Pagan Europe by Prudence Jones; on page 166; ISBN 0-415-09136-5
  10. ^ Nordic Religions in the Viking Age by Thomas A. Dubois; on page 177; ISBN 0-8122-1714-4

Pranala luar

Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Viking Age.
Ikon rintisan

Artikel bertopik Eropa ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.

Read other articles:

Lianzhou

Lianzhou 连州市Kota setingkat countyLianzhou di QingyuanKoordinat: 24°46′52″N 112°22′37″E / 24.781°N 112.377°E / 24.781; 112.377Koordinat: 24°46′52″N 112°22′37″E / 24.781°N 112.377°E / 24.781; 112.377NegaraRepublik Rakyat TiongkokProvinsiGuangdongKota setingkat prefekturQingyuanDaerah administrasi kota praja12Luas • Total2.663,33 km2 (102,832 sq mi)Populasi (Sensus 2010) • To...

 

 

Landover, Maryland

Census-designated place in Maryland, US Census-designated place in Maryland, United StatesLandover, MarylandCensus-designated placeLandoverLocation within the State of MarylandShow map of MarylandLandoverLandover (the United States)Show map of the United StatesCoordinates: 38°56′N 76°54′W / 38.933°N 76.900°W / 38.933; -76.900Country United StatesState MarylandCounty Prince George'sArea[1] • Total4.00 sq mi (10.37 km2...

 

 

Assedio di Nuceria Alfaterna

Assedio di Nuceria (216 a.C.)parte della seconda guerra punicaData216 a.C. LuogoNuceria Alfaterna - Italia Esitodistruzione della città SchieramentiRepubblica romanaCartagine ComandantiAnnibale Perditeignoteignote Voci di battaglie presenti su Wikipedia Manuale V · D · MSeconda guerra punica(219 a.C.) Sagunto(218 a.C.) Mutina - Cissa – Lilibeo – Alpi – Ticino – Trebbia(217 a.C.) Piacenza - Victumulae – Appennini - Ebro - Trasimeno(216 a.C.) Canne – Selva Lit...

Georg Trakl

Austrian poet (1887–1914) Georg TraklBorn(1887-02-03)3 February 1887Salzburg, Duchy of Salzburg, Austria-HungaryDied3 November 1914(1914-11-03) (aged 27)Kraków, Austria-Hungary (now Poland)OccupationPoet, pharmacist, writerCitizenshipAustro-HungarianAlma materUniversity of Vienna (pharmacy)Literary movementExpressionism A poem by Trakl inscribed on a plaque in Mirabell Garden, Salzburg. Georg Trakl (3 February 1887 – 3 November 1914) was an Austrian poet and the brother of the ...

 

 

21st Field Artillery Regiment

US military unit This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (December 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this message) 21st Field Artillery RegimentCoat of armsActive1916–19211939–19461948–19501951–19531954–1957Country United StatesBranchArmyTypeField artilleryMotto(s)Progressi Sunt (They Have Advanced)InsigniaDistinctive unit insigniaMili...

 

 

North Island Credit Union Amphitheatre

Concert venue in California, US This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources.Find sources: North Island Credit Union Amphitheatre – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2015) North Island Credit Union AmphitheatreInterior of the amphitheatre before a concert in 2024Former namesCoors Amphitheatre...

2020年夏季奧林匹克運動會波蘭代表團

2020年夏季奥林匹克运动会波兰代表團波兰国旗IOC編碼POLNOC波蘭奧林匹克委員會網站olimpijski.pl（英文）（波兰文）2020年夏季奥林匹克运动会（東京）2021年7月23日至8月8日（受2019冠状病毒病疫情影响推迟，但仍保留原定名称）運動員206參賽項目24个大项旗手开幕式：帕维尔·科热尼奥夫斯基（游泳）和马娅·沃什乔夫斯卡（自行车）[1]闭幕式：卡罗利娜·纳亚（皮划艇）&#...

 

 

الوزير الأول الجزائري

  هذه المقالة عن الوزارة الأولى. لمعانٍ أخرى، طالع رئيس الجمهورية الجزائرية. الوزارة الأولى شاغل المنصب نذير العرباوي منذ 11 نوفمبر 2023 البلد الجزائر  عن المنصب مقر الإقامة الرسمي شارع الدكتور سعدان، قصر الحكومة، الجزائر العاصمة  الجزائر المعين رئيس الجمهورية الج...

 

 

South Asian Games

Multi-sport event in South Asia South Asian Games (SAG)Logo of South Asia Olympic CouncilAbbreviationSAGMottoPeace, Prosperity and ProgressFirst event1984; 40 years ago (1984)Occur every4 yearsNext event2024 Lahore, PakistanPurposeMulti-sport event for nations in South Asia The South Asian Games (SAG or SA Games), formerly known as the South Asian Federation Games (SAFG or SAF Games), is a quadrennial multi-sport event held among the athletes from South Asia. The governing b...

Criticism of Protestantism

Overview of criticism of Protestantism This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) The neutrality of this article is disputed. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please do not remove this message until conditions to do so are met. (August 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this message) This article uses texts from within a religion or faith system without referring t...

 

 

Malus niedzwetzkyana

Species of apple tree Niedzwetzky's apple Illustration of Malus niedzwetzkyana from a 1921 botanical compendium Conservation status Data Deficient  (IUCN 3.1) Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Eudicots Clade: Rosids Order: Rosales Family: Rosaceae Genus: Malus Species: M. niedzwetzkyana Binomial name Malus niedzwetzkyanaDieck ex Koehne Malus niedzwetzkyana, or Niedzwetzky's apple, is a kind of apple native to certain parts of C...

 

 

List of Spanish films of 2024

Cinema ofSpain pre-1930 1930s 1940s 1950s 1950 1951 1952 1953 19541955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960s 1960 1961 1962 1963 19641965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970s 1970 1971 1972 1973 19741975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980s 1980 1981 1982 1983 19841985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990s 1990 1991 1992 1993 19941995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000s 2000 2001 2002 2003 20042005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010s 2010 2011 2012 2013 20142015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020s 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 vte A list of Spanish-produced and co-produc...

Heavy Equipment Transport System

Artikel ini perlu diwikifikasi agar memenuhi standar kualitas Wikipedia. Anda dapat memberikan bantuan berupa penambahan pranala dalam, atau dengan merapikan tata letak dari artikel ini. Untuk keterangan lebih lanjut, klik [tampil] di bagian kanan. Mengganti markah HTML dengan markah wiki bila dimungkinkan. Tambahkan pranala wiki. Bila dirasa perlu, buatlah pautan ke artikel wiki lainnya dengan cara menambahkan [[ dan ]] pada kata yang bersangkutan (lihat WP:LINK untuk keterangan lebih lanjut...

 

 

1973 United States Grand Prix

1973 United States Grand Prix Race detailsDate October 7, 1973Official name XVI United States Grand PrixLocation Watkins Glen Grand Prix Race CourseWatkins Glen, New YorkCourse Permanent road courseCourse length 5.435 km (3.377 miles)Distance 59 laps, 320.67 km (199.24 miles)Weather Cloudy with temperatures approaching 20 °C (68 °F);Wind speeds up to 14.82 km/h (9.21 mph)[1]Pole positionDriver Ronnie Peterson Lotus-FordTime 1:39.657Fastest lapDriver James Hunt M...

 

 

Horse sacrifice

Type of animal sacrifice Skull of a horse sacrificed by multiple sword blows during the Iron Age (4-500 AD), found in Nydam Engmose, Denmark, at the Zoological Museum, Copenhagen Horse sacrifice is the ritual killing and offering of a horse, usually as part of a religious or cultural ritual. Horse sacrifices were common throughout Eurasia with the domestication of the horse and continuing up until the spread of Abrahamic religions, or in some places like Mongolia, of Buddhism. The practice is...

Royal Street

Cet article est une ébauche concernant la route et la Louisiane. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Royal Street. La Royal Street (« Rue Royale », en espagnol : Calle Real) est une rue de La Nouvelle-Orléans en Louisiane, aux États-Unis. Elle traverse le Vieux carré français de La Nouvelle-Orléans et en est la deuxième voie la plus connue après Bourbon Street. Personnalités...

 

 

Walter J. Ong

American Jesuit priest and historian (1912–2003) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Walter J. Ong – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Walter J. Ong Walter Jackson Ong SJ (November 30, 1912 – August 12, 2003) was an American Jes...

 

 

Calcio Portogruaro-Summaga 2008-2009

Questa voce sull'argomento stagioni delle società calcistiche italiane è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Voce principale: Calcio Portogruaro-Summaga. Calcio Portogruaro-SummagaStagione 2008-2009Sport calcio Squadra Portogruaro-Summaga Allenatore Manuele Domenicali poi Alessandro Calori Presidente Francesco Mio Lega Pro Prima Divisione12º posto nel girone A. Maggiori presenzeCampion...

Arkansas's 1st congressional district

U.S. House district for Arkansas AR 1 redirects here. For the state highway, see Arkansas Highway 1. Arkansas's 1st congressional districtInteractive map of district boundaries since January 3, 2023RepresentativeRick CrawfordR–JonesboroArea17,521 sq mi (45,380 km2)Distribution55.5% rural44.5% urbanPopulation (2023)752,628[1]Median householdincome$52,119[1]Ethnicity73.3% White17.3% Black4.2% Two or more races3.9% Hispanic0.7% Asian0.7% otherOccupation48.8% Whit...

 

 

Mary Elizabeth Frederica Mackenzie

Chief of the Scottish clan Mackenzie (1783–1862) Mary Stewart-MacKenzieMary Mackenzie by Thomas LawrenceBornMary Elizabeth Frederica Mackenzie(1783-03-27)27 March 1783TarradaleDied28 November 1862(1862-11-28) (aged 79)Spouses Sir Samuel Hood, 1st Baronet ​ ​(m. 1804; died 1814)​ James Alexander Stewart ​ ​(m. 1817; died 1843)​ Children5, including LouisaParent(s)Francis Mackenzie, 1st Baron ...