Vespa orientalis

Tabuhan oriental
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Kerajaan:
Animalia
Filum:
Arthropoda
Kelas:
Insecta
Ordo:
Hymenoptera
Famili:
Vespidae
Genus:
Vespa
Spesies:
V. orientalis
Nama binomial
Vespa orientalis
Linnaeus, 1771

Tabuhan Oriental atau Vespa orientalis (Tawon oriental; bahasa Inggris: Oriental hornet), adalah sejenis tawon tabuhan yang suka menyengat dan hidup berkoloni. Mirip dengan tabuhan Eropa (Vespa crabro; European hornet) dan tabuhan raksasa Asia (Vespa mandarinia; Asian giant hornet[1]).

Banyak dijumpai di daerah Laut Tengah (Mediterranean), termasuk Israel, tetapi juga di Madagaskar dan India.[2] Akibat terbawa oleh perpindahan manusia, habitatnya mulai menyebar ke Amerika Selatan bahkan sampai ke Mexico.[3] Jenis ini (bahasa Ibrani: צִרְעָה‎, ẓir'ah, tsirah; bahasa Inggris: hornet) disebut-sebut di Alkitab Ibrani dan bagian Perjanjian Lama di Alkitab Kristen sebagai cara Allah untuk mengusir orang-orang di tanah Kanaan sebelum orang Israel datang mendudukinya.[4]

Tabuhan ratu panjangnya 25 sampai 35 mm; tabuhan jantan dan betina pekerja berukuran lebih kecil.

Pada tabuhan jantan, antenanya berbuku 13, sedangkan pda tabuhan betina selalu terdiri dari 12 buku.

Pada tahun 2010 sebuah tim dari beberapa universitas di Israeli dan Inggris menemukan bahwa strip kuning pada bagian perut (abdomen) tabuhan ini mampu mengubah cahaya matahari menjadi energi. Aktivitas metabolisme utama terjadi pada lapisan pigmen kuning, di mana matahari menjadi sumber energi utama. Proses ini dimungkinkan terjadi dengan adanya pigmen yang disebut "xanthopterin". Ini dapat menjelaskan mengapa serangga-serangga ini lebih aktif pada waktu matahari sedang terik-teriknya, tidak seperti jenis tabuhan lain.[5]

Referensi

  1. ^ Tabuhan raksasa Asia menyerang dan membunuh 42 orang serta melukai 1600 orang lainnya di Tiongkok (2013)
  2. ^ Buxton, P. A. (July 1920). "CARRIAGE OF COLIFORM BACILLI BY THE ORIENTAL HORNET". The Journal of Hygiene. Cambridge University Press. 19 (1): 68–71. JSTOR 3859114. PMC 2206882 alt=Dapat diakses gratis. PMID 20474704. 
  3. ^ Dvorak, Libor (June 2006). "Oriental Hornet Vespa orientalis Linnaeus, 1771 found in Mexico" (PDF). Entomological Problems. 36: 80. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2013-10-29. Diakses tanggal 4 October 2011. 
  4. ^ Keluaran 23:28; Ulangan 7:20; Yosua 24:12.
  5. ^ Walker, Matt (6 December 2010). "Oriental hornets powered by 'solar energy'". BBC Earth News. Diakses tanggal 9 December 2010. 

Pranala luar

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