Verbascum thapsus

Verbascum thapsus atau yang lebih dikenal dengan sebutan "Common Mullein" merupakan jenis tanaman berbunga yang berasal dari famili Scrophulariaceae. Tanaman ini berasal dari Eurasia dan saat ini telah tersebar hingga ke benua Australia, Amerika Utara dan Amerika Selatan. Mullein dapat ditemukan tumbuh subur di lahan terbuka dengan cahaya matahari langsung. Tanaman ini dapat tumbuh baik di lahan subur maupun tandus dengan kandungan air tanah antara menengah hingga kering. Mullein juga dapat tumbuh di lahan yang berbatu dan berpasir.^[1]^[2]

Pada tahun pertama daun tanaman ini akan tumbuh dari batang menyerupai pola bunga mawar (basal rosette) dengan warna hijau keabuan. Daunnya berambut dan memiliki panjang antara 10 sampai 30 cm dengan lebar 2,5 sampai 13 cm. Batang di tengah pola mawar tersebut akan tumbuh hingga mencapai 30 sampai 200 cm. Batang Mullein merupakan batang tunggal yang tidak bercabang. Pada ujung batang ini akan tumbuh bunga berwarna kuning atau putih yang akan mekar pada bulan Juni-September. Dari bunga tersebut akan muncul biji yang mana satu tanaman Mullein dapat menghasilkan 180.000 bibit Mullein. Tanaman Mullein akan mati ketika telah melewati masa berbunga.^[2]^[3]^[4]

Terlepas reputasinya sebagai tanaman hama yang cukup invasif, tanaman Mullein juga memiliki beberapa kegunaan. Khasiat dari tanaman Mullein di bidang kesehatan diantaranya dapat meringankan penyakit pernafasan, mengobati infeksi dan bursitis serta membunuh bakteri. Selain itu tanaman Mullein dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pewarna, racun ikan serta sebagai bahan pembuatan obor dan lilin.^[1]^[5]

Referensi

^ ^a ^b "Verbascum thapsus (common mullein)". www.cabi.org (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2019-11-26.
^ ^a ^b "Verbascum thapsus - Plant Finder". www.missouribotanicalgarden.org. Diakses tanggal 2019-11-26.
^ "common mullein: Verbascum thapsus (Scrophulariales: Scrophulariaceae): Invasive Plant Atlas of the United States". www.invasiveplantatlas.org. Diakses tanggal 2019-11-26.
^ "Verbascum thapsus". www.fs.fed.us. Diakses tanggal 2019-11-26.
^ "Mullein - Manfaat, Dosis, & Efek Samping". HonestDocs. Diakses tanggal 2019-11-26.

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