Uni Kalmar

Kalmar Union

Kalmarunionen (Denmark)/(Norwegia)/(Swedia)Kalmarin unioni (Finlandia)Kalmarsambandið (Islandia)Kalmar unioni (Kalaallisut)Kalmarsamveldið (Faroe)Unio Calmariensis (Latin)

1397–1537

Bendera

${{{coat_alt}}}$

Lambang

Uni Kalmar, c. 1400

Status

Uni personal

Ibu kota

Roskilde (1397-1443)
Kopenhagen (1443-1537)

Bahasa yang umum digunakan

Resmi: Denmark Pertengahan, Swedia Kuno, Norwegia Pertengahan, Latin Renaisans
Lain: Islandia Pertengahan, Faroe Kuno, Norn, Nordik Greendland, Finlandia, Sami, Kalaallisut, Kaarelia

Agama

Katolik Roma

Pemerintahan

Uni personal

Regen

• 1387–1412^a

Margaret I (pertama)

• 1513–23^b

Kristian II (terakhir)

Legislatif

Riksråd dan Herredag
(satu di tiap kerajaan)

Era Sejarah

Abad Pertengahan Akhir

• Didirikan

17 Juni 1397

• Pemberontakan Engelbrekt

1434–36

• Stockholm Bloodbath

November 1520

• Gustav Vasa terpilih sebagai raja Swedia

6 Juni 1523

• Dibubarkan

1537

• Rigsråd menganeksasi Norwegia

1536

Mata uang

Mark, Örtug, Penning

Didahului oleh

Digantikan oleh

	Kerajaan Denmark
	krjKerajaan Herediter Norwegia
	Kekaisaran Norwegia
	Kerajaan Swedia

Denmark–Norwegia
Kerajaan Swedia

Margaret I memerintah di Denmark 1387–1412, Norwegia 1388–1389, dan Swedia 1389–1412
Kristian II memerintah di Denmark dan Norwegia 1513–1523; Swedia 1520–1521

Sunting kotak info • Lihat • Bicara

Bantuan penggunaan templat ini

Uni Kalmar (bahasa Denmark, Norwegia dan Swedia: Kalmarunionen; bahasa Latin: Unio Calmariensis) adalah sebuah uni personal yang berdiri sejak 1397 hingga 1523^[1] menggabungkan tiga kerajaan di bawah satu raja: Denmark, Swedia (maka termasuk Finlandia), dan Norwegia, bersama-sama dengan wilayah dependensi luar negeri Norwegia (termasuk Islandia, Greenland, Kepulauan Faroe dan Kepulauan Utara). Uni tidak berlangsung lancar; terdapat beberapa gangguan yang terjadi. Secara hukum, tiga kerajaan tetap menjadi negara berdaulat yang terpisah, tetapi kebijakan dalam dan luar negeri diatur oleh satu monarki yang sama.

Salah satu dorongan utama pembentukan uni ini adalah untuk memblokir ekspansi Jerman ke utara tepatnya ke wilayah Baltik. Alasan utama kegagalan bertahannya uni ini adalah persaingan terus-menerus antara para raja.^[2] Perbedaan kepentingan (terutama ketidakpuasan bangsawan Swedia dengan peran dominan yang dimiliki oleh Denmark dan Holstein) memunculkan konflik yang akan menghambat keberlangsungan uni ini sejak tahun 1430an sampai berpisah pada tahun 1523 ketika Gustav Vasa menjadi raja Swedia.^[3]

Norwegia tetap menjadi bagian dari kerajaan Denmark-Norwegia selama hampir tiga abad sebelum pembubaran pada tahun 1814. Kemudian Persatuan antara Swedia dan Norwegia berlangsung sampai tahun 1905, ketika cucu dari raja Denmark yang berkuasa terpilih sebagai raja, dan keturunan langsungnya masih berkuasa di Norwegia.

Referensi dan catatan

^ Harald Gustafsson, "A State that Failed?"
^ For a somewhat different view see Steinar Imsen, "The Union of Calmar: Northern Great Power or Northern German Outpost?" in Christopher Ocker, ed.
^ Michael Roberts, The Early Vasas.

Bacaan lebih lanjut

Gustafsson, Harald. "A State that Failed?" Scandinavian Journal of History (2006) 32#3 pp 205–220 online; general overview of the Union
Helle, Knut, ed. The Cambridge History of Scandinavia, Volume 1: Prehistory to 1520 (2003) excerpt and text search
Imsen, Steinar. "The Union of Calmar: Northern Great Power or Northern German Outpost?" in Christopher Ocker, ed. Politics and Reformations: Communities, Polities, Nations, and Empires (BRILL, 2007) pp 471–90 online
Kirby, David. Northern Europe in the Early Modern Period. The Baltic World 1492–1772 (1990)
Roberts, Michael. The Early Vasas: A History of Sweden 1523–1611 (1968)

Pranala luar

Kalmar Union - Peta Kalmar Union

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