Turunan (kimia)

Dalam kimia, turunan adalah senyawa kimia yang diperoleh dari senyawa serupa melalui reaksi kimia.

Dahulu, turunan juga berarti senyawa yang dapat dibayangkan muncul dari senyawa lain, jika satu atom atau kelompok atom diganti dengan atom atau kelompok atom lain,[1] Istilah "analog struktural" umum dalam kimia organik.

Dalam biokimia, kata ini digunakan untuk senyawa yang setidaknya secara teoritis dapat dibentuk dari senyawa prekursor.[2]

Turunan kimia dapat digunakan untuk memudahkan analisis. Misalnya, analisis titik lebur (MP) dapat membantu mengidentifikasi banyak senyawa organik. Turunan kristal dapat disiapkan, seperti semikarbazon atau 2,4-Dinitrofenilhidrazin (yang diperoleh dari aldehida atau keton), sebagai cara sederhana untuk memverifikasi identitas senyawa asli, dengan asumsi bahwa tabel nilai MP turunan tersedia.[3] Sebelum munculnya analisis spektroskopi, metode semacam itu digunakan secara luas.

Dalam kimia analisis, derivatisasi dapat digunakan untuk mengubah analit menjadi jenis lain untuk meningkatkan deteksi. Misalnya, gugus polar seperti N-H atau O-H dapat diubah menjadi gugus yang kurang polar. Reaksi ini mengurangi titik didih molekul, sehingga senyawa yang tidak mudah menguap dapat dianalisis dengan kromatografi gas.[4]

Referensi

  1. ^ "Definition of Derivative". Chemicool. 2007-09-18. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2021-08-31. Diakses tanggal 2007-09-18. 
  2. ^ Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyPerlu mendaftar (gratis). Oxford University Press. 2003. ISBN 0-19-850673-2. 
  3. ^ Williamson, Kenneth L. (1999). Macroscale and Microscale Organic Experiments, 3rd ed. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin. hlm. 426–7. ISBN 0-395-90220-7. 
  4. ^ Jones, Jay; Stenerson, Katherine. "The Use of Derivatization Reagents for GC". SIgma Aldrich. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-02-09. Diakses tanggal 2023-05-10. 

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