Titik didih

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Sebuah grafik tekanan uap umum untuk berbagai cairan

Titik didih adalah suhu ketika tekanan uap sebuah zat cair sama dengan tekanan eksternal yang dialami oleh cairan.^[1] Sebuah cairan di dalam vakum akan memiliki titik didih yang rendah dibandingkan jika cairan itu berada di dalam tekanan atmosfer. Cairan yang berada di dalam tekanan tinggi akan memiliki titik didih lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dari titik didihnya di dalam tekanan atmosfer.

Titik didih normal (juga disebut titik didih atmosferis) dari sebuah cairan merupakan kasus istimewa ketika tekanan uap cairan sama dengan tekanan atmosfer di permukaan laut, satu atmosfer. Pada suhu ini, tekanan uap cairan bisa mengatasi tekanan atmosfer dan membentuk gelembung di dalam massa cair. Pada saat ini (per 1982) Standar Titik Didih yang ditetapkan oleh IUPAC adalah suhu ketika pendidihan terjadi pada tekanan "1 bar".

Pada suhu dan tekanan standar (76 cmHg, 25 °C) air memiliki titik didih air pada suhu "100 °C".

Kejenuhan suhu

Jika panas penguapan dan tekanan uap dari sebuah cairan pada suhu tertentu diketahui, maka titik didih normal bisa dihitung dengan menggunakan persamaan Clausius–Clapeyron:

$T_{B}={\Bigg (}{\frac {\,R\,[\,\ln(P_{0})-\ln(101.325)\,]}{\Delta H_{vap}}}+{\frac {1}{T_{0}}}{\Bigg )}^{-1}$


$T_{B}$	= titik didih, K
$R$	= konstanta gas ideal, 8,314 J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
$P_{0}$	= tekanan uap pada temperatur tertentu, kPa
$101,325$	= tekanan atmosfer, kPa
$\Delta H_{vap}$	= kalor penguapan dari fluida, J/mol
$T_{0}$	= temperatur, K
$ln$	= logaritma natural

Lihat pula

Referensi

^ Speight, James (2020). Remediasi Air Alami. Elsevier Inc. ISBN 978-0-12-803810-9.

Pranala luar

"Boiling-Point". The New Student's Reference Work. 1914.

l b s Wujud materi (daftar)
Wujud	Padat Cairan Gas / Uap Plasma
Rendah energi	Kondensat Bose–Einstein Kondensat Fermion Degenerasi materi Quantum Hall Materi Rydberg Materi asing Superfluida Superpadat Molekul foton
Tinggi energi	Materi QCD QCD kisi Plasma quark–gluon Fluida superkritis
Wujud lain	Koloid Kaca Kristal air Cairan spin kuantum Sesuai urutan kekuatan magnet Antiferomagnet Ferimagnet Feromagnet Cairan jaring dawai [en] Superkaca
Transisi	Mendidih Titik didih Kondensasi Garis kritis Titik kritis Kristalisasi Deposisi Penguapan Penguapan kilat [en] Pembekuan Ionisasi kimia Ionisasi Titik lambda Pencairan Titik leleh Rekombinasi Regelasi Cairan jenuh Sublimasi Superdingin Titik tripel Penguapan Vitrifikasi
Kuantitas	Entalpi peleburan Entalpi sublimasi Entalpi penguapan Kalor laten Energi dalam laten Rasio Trouton Volatilitas
Konsep	Binodal Fluida terkompresi Kurva pendinginan Persamaan keadaan Efek Leidenfrost Fenomena kuantum makroskopis Efek Mpemba Keteraturan dan ketakteraturan Spinodal Superkonduktivitas Uap superpanas Pemanasan super [en] Efek termodielektrik

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