Tiram berduri

Tiram berduri
Spondylus varius

Taksonomi
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Spesies	Spondylus varius

Spondylus varius atau tiram berduri atau tiram berduri variabel raksasa merupakan kelompok biota laut yang tergolong dalam famili spondylidae^[1]. Ukurannya relatif besar dibandingkan spesies spondylid lainnya dan tumbuh sekitar 38-50 cm. Spesies ini dapat menghasilkan ruang berisi gas air. Spondylus varius hidup menempel di terumbu berbatu dari daerah pasang surut pada kedalaman 10-50 meter.

Wilayah penemuan

Berstatus Critically Endangered (CR)

Penelitian terbaru terkait habitat Spondylus varius terletak di wilayah Teluk Lianga, Surigao Del Sur, Mindanao Timur dan Filipina yang dilakukan sejak September 2018 hingga Oktober 2019. Terdapat 379 individu yang berhasil dikumpulkan dengan jumlah Jantan sekitar 188 individu dan betina 191 individu. Spesies yang ditemukan bersifat gonorik dan tidak hermafrodit. Kini, spesies bivalvia ini berstatus Critically Endangered (CR) yang terdata pada IUCN Red-list.

Klasifikasi

Kingdom: Animalia

Filum: Moluska

Class: Bivalvia

Famili: Spondylidae

Genus: Spondylus

Spesies: Spondylus varius^[2]

Siklus reproduksi

Tahapan reproduksi^[3] pada periode pengambilan sampel (September 2018-Oktober) menunjukkan adanya sinkronisasi waktu pemijahan^[4] pada jantan dan betina. Puncak berkelanjutan teramati pada bulan Desember 2018 hingga April dengan puncak tertinggi tercatat pada bulan April yang menunjukkan periode aktivitas pemijahan yang relatif lama yaitu beberapa bulan. Setelah masa pemijahan yang panjang ini, dari Agustus hingga Oktober, tahap gametogenesis awal dan akhir mendominasi.

Ukuran gonad matang pada S. varius adalah sekitar 80-100 mm pada panjang cangkang, meskipun beberapa individu mungkin mulai memijah pada panjang cangkang 65 mm. Dalam hal tindakan pengelolaan, disarankan untuk menyisakan sebagian individu yang sudah matang secara reproduktif dalam populasi agar dapat berkembang biak dan merekrut. Oleh karena itu, pada spesies ini, pengumpulan individu yang berukuran kurang dari 65 mm harus dilarang, dan pengumpulan juga harus diatur selama bulan-bulan pematangan dan pemijahan.

Referensi

^ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Spondylidae Gray, 1826". www.marinespecies.org. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-27.
^ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Spondylus varius G. B. Sowerby I, 1827". www.marinespecies.org. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-27.
^ Biology, International Journal of Aquatic (2023-12-28). "Reproductive Cycle of Spondylus varius (Sowerby, 1827) in Lianga Bay, Surigao Del Sur, Eastern Mindanao, Philippines | International Journal of Aquatic Biology" (dalam bahasa Inggris).
^ Erika, Adelia; Hudatwi, Mu'alimah; Akhrianti, Irma (2022-11-01). "Identifikasi Jenis Bivalvia Pada Ekosistem Mangrove Di Sekitar Perairan Kota Pangkalpinang". Journal of Marine Research. 11 (4): 695–705. doi:10.14710/jmr.v11i4.34036. ISSN 2407-7690.

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