Ter-

Awalan ter- di dalam bahasa Indonesia berfungsi sebagai pembentuk kata kerja (verba) pasif dan tidak dapat diubah menjadi kata kerja aktif (disebut juga kata kerja intransitif). Dalam ragam percakapan, awalan ter- sebagai pembentuk kata kerja memiliki kesamaan makna dengan awalan "ke"-, misalnya tertawa (ketawa) dan terpergok (kepergok).

Makna awalan

Awalan ter- memiliki makna:

  1. Paling atau sangat: terpanjang, terkecil, terpandai, terbesar, terindah.
  2. Dapat atau berhasil (biasanya didahului oleh kata tidak): terhalang, termakan, terminum.
  3. Tidak disengaja: terbakar, tertukar, tersentuh.
  4. Tiba-tiba: terlena, terjatuh.

Morfofonemik

Apabila awalan "ter-" dilekatkan pada kata dasar berawalan "r", maka salah satu "r" akan luluh:

  • ter+ramah = teramah (bukan terramah)
  • ter+rawat = terawat (bukan terrawat)
  • ter+riang = teriang (bukan terriang)

Khusus untuk kata dasar "lanjur", maka huruf "r" juga luluh

  • ter+lanjur = telanjur (bukan terlanjur)

Jika suku awal mengandung gugus "-er-", maka huruf "r" pada ter- berubah menjadi te-

  • ter+bersit = tebersit
  • ter+cermin = tecermin
  • ter+cerna = tecerna
  • ter+percaya = tepercaya
  • ter+percik = tepercik
  • ter+pergok = tepergok

Rujukan

  • Hasan Alwi, dkk. (2002). Tata Bahasa Baku Bahasa Indonesia. Edisi ke-3.
  • Pusat Bahasa (2008). Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia IV.
  • Zaenal Arifin dan Junaiyah H. Matanggui (2007). Morfologi: Bentuk, Makna, dan Fungsi.

Pranala luar

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