Teori kekacauan

Ikon teori chaos adalah penarik Lorenz.

Teori kekacauan, dalam matematika dan fisika, berhadapan dengan sifat dari sistem dinamika taklinear tertentu yang (dalam kondisi tertentu) menunjukkan fenomena yang dikenal sebagai kekacauan, terkenal dengan sifat sensitivitas pada kondisi awal (lihat efek kupu-kupu). Contoh sistem ini adalah atmosfer, tata surya, lempeng tektonik, turbulensi fluida, ekonomi, dan pertumbuhan populasi.[1]

Sistem yang menunjukan kekacauan matematika adalah deterministik dan berurutan dalam arti tertentu; teknik yang menggunakan kata kekacauan yang terdapat keanehan dengan bahasa umumnya, mengusulkan ketiadaan pengurutan keseluruhan. Ketika kita mengatakan teori kekacauan mempelajari sistem deterministik, perlu disebut bidang fisika yang berhubungan disebut teori kekacauan kuantum yang mempelajari sistem takdeterministik mengikuti hukum mekanika kuantum.

Di dalam matematika dan fisika, dinamika nonlinier atau teori chaos mendeskripsikan perilaku sistem dinamika nonlinier tertentu yang mungkin menunjukkan dinamika yang sangat sensitif terhadap kondisi awal (secara populer dirujuk sebagai efek kupu-kupu).

Sebagai hasil dari sensitivitas ini, yang mewujudkan diri sebagai pertumbuhan eksponensial usikan (perturbasi) di kondisi awal, perilaku sistem chaotic muncul secara acak (random).

Hal ini terjadi meskipun sistem ini adalah sistem deterministik, yang bermakna bahwa dinamika masa depan secara penuh ditentukan oleh kondisi awal, tanpa elemen acak yang terlibat. Perilaku ini dikenal sebagai chaos deterministik, atau sederhananya chaos.

Lihat pula

Referensi

  1. ^ "What is Chaos Theory? – Fractal Foundation" (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2023-05-16. 

Buku teks dan kerja teknik

Tinjauan

Perilaku chaotic telah diamati di laboratorium dalam berbagai sistem mencangkup rangkaian listrik, laser, reaksi kimia berosilasi, dinamika fluida, dan perangkat magneto-mekanis dan mekanis.

Pengamatan perilaku chaotic di alam mencangkup dinamika satelit dalam sistem tata surya, evolusi waktu medan magnetik benda langit, dinamika populasi dalam ekologi, dinamika potensial aksi di neuron, dan vibrasi molekuler.

Contoh tiap hari sistem chaotic mencangkup iklim dan cuaca meteorologi.

Semiteknik dan kerja populer

  • The Beauty of Fractals, by H.-O. Peitgen and P.H. Richter
  • Chance and Chaos, by David Ruelle
  • Computers, Pattern, Chaos, and Beauty, by Clifford A. Pickover
  • Fractals, by Hans Lauwerier
  • Fractals Everywhere, by Michael Barnsley
  • Order Out of Chaos, by Ilya Prigogine and Isabelle Stengers
  • Chaos and Life, by Richard J Bird
  • Does God Play Dice?, by Ian Stewart
  • The Science of Fractal Images, by Heinz-Otto Peitgen and Dietmar Saupe, Eds.
  • Explaining Chaos, by Peter Smith
  • Chaos, by James Gleick
  • Complexity, by M. Mitchell Waldrop
  • Chaos, Fractals and Self-organisation, by Arvind Kumar
  • Chaotic Evolution and Strange Attractors, by David Ruelle

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