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Taksonomi evolusioner

Evolusi vertebrata pada tingkatan kelas, lebar kumparan menunjukkan jumlah familinya. Diagram kumparan adalah ciri taksonomi evolusioner.

Taksonomi evolusioner atau sistematika evolusioner atau klasifikasi Darwin adalah cabang klasifikasi biologi yang berusaha mengklasifikasikan organisme dengan menggunakan kombinasi kekerabatan filogenetika dan kemiripan umum. Taksonomi jenis ini memandang taksa dan bukannya spesies tunggal, supaya satu kelompok spesies dapat menghasilkan kelompok baru. Konsep ini menemukan bentuk terkininya dalam dalam sintesis evolusi modern pada awal 1940-an.

Taksonomi evolusioner berbeda dari taksonomi Linnaeus yang ketat, yang menghasilkan daftar yang tersusun dan bukannya pohon kehidupan. Selain itu, tidak seperti kladisma yang hanya memetakan filogeni, taksonomi evolsioner juga menghasilkan sistem klasifikasi biologis.[1] Sementara dalam filogeni yang mana tiap takson harus terdiri dari satu nenek moyang tunggal dan semua keturunannya, taksonomi evolusioner memungkinkan kelompok-kelompok untuk dipisahkan dari taksa orang tua mereka (misalnya dinosaurus tidak meliputi burung, tetapi menghasilkan burung), yang dengan demikian memungkinkan taksa parafili.[2]

Catatan kaki

  1. ^ Mayr, Ernst & Bock, W.J. (2002), "Classifications and other ordering systems" (PDF), J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Research, 40 (4): 169–94, doi:10.1046/j.1439-0469.2002.00211.x 
  2. ^ Grant, V. (2003), "Incongruence between cladistic and taxonomic systems", American Journal of Botany, 90 (9): 1263, doi:10.3732/ajb.90.9.1263 
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